Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics最新文献

{"title":"A Study of Causes and Factors Responsible for Maternal Mortality in a Tertiary Care Institute of Central Gujarat","authors":"Kanika P. Kachhwaha, Mahima Jain","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190704.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190704.11","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal mortality is still a big health concern in developing world. The state of maternal health represents overall state of women’s right in health, social and economic realms. If the causes of death can be addressed and are found to be preventable it indicates negligence on the part of government and the entities that have the power to implement the changes. To determine factors and causes of maternal mortality this retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, BJ medical college. Maternal mortalities from October 2016 to March 2018 (18 months) were analysed with respect to factors like locality, literacy, parity, ANC care, time after admission, type of delay (according to maternal death review form) and causes of death (direct and indirect causes of MMR). Total 92 maternal deaths were studied and that gave a MMR of 468 per 1,00,000 live births. Maximum deaths occurred in patients who were in the age group of 20-34 (83.1%), rural locality (71%), Irregular with ANC visits (74%), multigravida (56.5%), within 24 hours of delivery (46.7%) and those who had type 1 delay (delay in decision making to seek help, 78.3%). More of deaths occurred in post partum (84.8%) and in vaginal mode of delivery (47.4) Vs Caesarean section (46.3). Direct obstetric causes of death (57.6%) were of deaths which included hypertensive disorders (29.3%), haemorrhage (19%) and others. Indirect causes accounted for 42.4% deaths which included hepatitis (21.7%), heart diseases (9.8%) etc. Early intervention and diagnosis with timely management are essential to reduce morbidity and hence maternal mortality. Special attention should be given to Routine Antenatal care (RANC) and more specifically to Focussed Antenatal Care (FANC)). Lack of expertise at primary level with lack of proper referral system adds to the cause.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90359624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s Preference of Home Delivery in Wonago District, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia 2018","authors":"Abebe Alemu, Gedefa Amenu, Muhammed Feyiso","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.16","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Maternal mortality and morbidity associated with pregnancy related obstetric complications is imposing substantial burden for developing countries. Maternal place of deliver and lack of skilled birth attendant during delivery period is the main determinant indicator for the maternal death. Majority of women of developing country do not decide or make choice on place of delivery before onset of labor. Thus, this study was aimed to assess maternal preference of place of delivery and associated factors among postnatal women in Wonaggo district, Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: Mixed study design; employing community-based cross-sectional study combined with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions was used. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to enroll 772 study participants. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered to EpiInfo7 and exported to SPSS 20.0 for analysis. Descriptive and summary statistics were done. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association of different variables. Odds ratios and 95% Confidence interval were computed to determine the presence and strength of association. Results: according to this study finding, 25.6% of participants were preferred to deliver at their home. Maternal educational status (AOR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.27 -3.6), parity (AOR=1.5, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.6), antenatal care follow up during pregnancy (1.575, 95%CI: 1.203, 5.12), place of last delivery (9.93, 95%CI: 2.355, 4.192) and knowledge towards danger sign of obstetric complications were variables found to be significantly associated with maternal preference of place of delivery. In Conclusion, a significant proportion of respondents were preferred to deliver at home. Thus, improving women education status in the community, accessing quality antenatal care, providing quality obstetric care service and avoiding disrespect and abuse during child birth are toughly suggested directions in order to assure institutional delivery in Wonag Distric, Southern Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90387268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Function of Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor (G-CSF): Suppression of Cell Proliferation in Uterine Endometrial Carcinoma","authors":"Y. Fukuda, H. Nakamura, K. Kumasawa, T. Kimura","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.17","url":null,"abstract":"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is cytokine which belongs to the family of colony-stimulating factors and recombinant human G-CSF has been widely used in clinical practice for treating patients with neutropenia for over 20 years. Recently, it has also seen use in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment based on the hypothesis that G-CSF might help the uterine endometrium proliferate and prepare for implantation. However, the risk of this treatment has not been fully assessed yet and there is a potential complication with its usage. It has been reported that G-CSF stimulates cell proliferation in hematopoietic cells and various other cell types, including cancer cells, suggesting that repeated local G-CSF administration into the uterine cavity might raises the risk of contracting uterine endometrial carcinoma. Based on this hypothesis, we assessed the effect of G-CSF on human uterine carcinoma cell proliferation, using cell lines. Our study showed that G-CSF administration produced dose-dependent suppression of proliferation of human uterine endometrial carcinoma cells through a G-CSF receptor-independent mechanism via a part of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. While further studies will be needed to confirm G-CSFs efficacy in improving the outcomes of ART treatment, our data at least suggests that repeated G-CSF administration does not increase the risk of uterine endometrial carcinoma and may even lower it.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73240932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperthyroid Fetal Goiter: A Case Report","authors":"V. Loué, M. Traoré, Charles Kacou, A. Kouame, Eléonore Gbary-Lagaud, Julie Grevoul-Fesquet","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.14","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent presence of maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody in patients with Graves’disease could cause fetal hyperthyroid goiter during pregnancy. The recognition and treatment of hyperthyroid fetal goiter are believed to be very important to optimize growth and intellectual development in affected fetuses. We report here, a case of a hyperthyroid fetal goiter identified by ultrasound exam at 27 weeks 5 days of gestation in a women having Graves’ disease and on antithyroid drugs therapy. This observation shows the fetal risk associated with the persistence of anti-TSH receptor antibodies in mothers with Graves' disease and the possibility of fetal approach.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80945690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenge in the Management of Twin Pregnancy with Anencephaly of One Fetus in a Low- Income Country: A Case Presentation","authors":"Romaric Joel Momo, J. Sama, E. Meka, M. Temgoua, P. Foumane","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.15","url":null,"abstract":"Anencephaly of one twin is a frequent congenital abnormality in a twin pregnancy and it’s associated with a poor prognosis of this pregnancy. In developed countries, the goal standard management calls for an interventional fetal medicine either by injection of a cardiotoxic or by intervention on the umbilical cord. Another option is an expectative management with strict follow-up of pregnant women and delivery organized in a level 3 maternity. There is still a challenge in the management of such high risk pregnancy in low income countries. A 37 years-old female, G3P2002, referred from a clinic for the better management of a 28 weeks and 4 days twin pregnancy in labor. Obstetrical ultrasonography realized in the second trimester revealed dichorionic-diamniotic pregnancy and the presence of anencephaly with hydramnios of one twin. The expectative approach was adopted for the management of this high risk pregnancy, unfortunately the death of the fetus occurred despite all the care provided. This case brings to lamp light the difficulties encountered in providing standard obstetrical care for high risk pregnancies in resource limited settings.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82994383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV Viral Test for Primary Cervical Cancer Screening at the Nabil Choucair Health Center in Senegalese Women 30 to 65 Years Old","authors":"O. Gassama, B. Faye, M. Cissé, M. Seye, L. Guéye, B. Biaye, M. Cissé, Moreira Pm, A. Diouf, Moussa Moro Guindo, A. Dièye, J. Moreau","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.13","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to describe demographics of patients who had benefited from a cervical cancer screening by an HPV viral test; to specify the protocol used to establish diagnosis using the test results; and to describe treatment and follow-up methods on positively tested patients. This was an descriptive prospective cohort study conducted at the Nabil Choucair health center and the Military Hospital of Ouakam from May 1st 2017 to January 30th 2018. The study involved 144 patients who had benefited from an HPV ABBOOT m2000 viral test. The studied parameters included socio-demographic characteristics, clinical aspects, test results, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. The data was collected on a form and the statistical analysis was performed using Epi-info 7. In this study we collected 144 women. The mean age of the patients was 39.9 years. Patients were predominantly married (84%) and mostly housewives (48.1%), with slightly more than half (55.6%) of them who attended school. More than half of the patients 61.8% were under contraception. Almost all patients (92.4%) were of child bearing age. The average gravidity was 3.4 with an average parity of 2.7. The average age at marriage was 22.6 years mostly in a monogamous household (56.8%). The average age at first intercourse was 22.1. The average age at first pregnancy was 23.9. More than ¾ of women (78.3%) had one partner; however, note that 21.7% of the patients had 2 or more partners. The viral test was positive in 17 patients (11.8%). Papillomaviruses 16 and 18 were the most encountered (56%). Colposcopy was normal and satisfactory in 9 patients (53%), 2 patients had abnormal minor changes (11.7%) and 2 cases had major changes (11.7%). Cervical biopsy was performed in 2 patients (11.7%), histology showed CIN3 and micro invasive carcinoma. For those patients a conization was performed. The postoperative course was simple. The HPV viral test for primary cervical cancer screening offers opportunities and is possible in developing countries such as Senegal despite its limited means.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87627814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Widening the Field of Indication of Conservative Management of Unruptured Tubal Pregnancy in Low Resources Settings: Lessons Learnt from 10-year Experience in Three University Teaching Hospitals in Yaoundé (Cameroon)","authors":"Mve Koh Valere, E. Félix, E. Henri, Dang Atanga Danielle, M. Robinson","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester. When a patient is admitted before rupture, organ-preserving management which keeps a higher fertility rate than ablative surgery can be done. The incidence of Unruptured Ectopic Pregnancy (UTP) on admission is unknown. In the study facilities, methotrexate treatment was given to most of UTP regardless of Fernandez score. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the lessons learnt from that experience. Methods: It was a cross sectional study over a 10 years period, conducted in four university teaching hospitals affiliated to the University of Yaounde I, Cameroon. Included patients were managed either by therapeutic abstention, single or multidose intra muscular MTX. Onset of clinical acute abdomen was the only indication of failure of conservative management and prompted emergency laparotomy. Results: We included 153 UTP cases. The incidence of UTP on admission was 0.46%, the mean age 28.4 ± 4.9, 88.2% were admitted at a gestational age <9 weeks, 19% had no pelvic pain. Medical treatment by MTX success rate was 81.7% but was not related to mono or multiple-dose (p=0.87), the success rate when β-hCG value was ≥ 10000 mIU/ml was 63.3% (p=0.004). When Fernandez score was ≥ 13, 21/25 (84%) were still successful including 3/7 with cardiac activity. (p=0.007). Conclusions: The incidence of UTP on admission is approximately 1/10th of all EP. Some UTP patients should be given MTX treatment opportunity even when Fernandez score recommends surgical management.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81068425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caesarean in Case of Scar Uterus: Indications and Maternal and Neonatal Prognosis at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (Republic of Congo)","authors":"Itoua Clautaire, Iloki Itoba Imongui Sandra, Buambo Gauthier Régis Jostin, Potokoue Mpia Samantha Nuelly, Mokoko Jules César, Ngakengni Nelie Yvette, Eouani Max Lévy Eméry, Iloki Léon Hervé","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190702.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190702.16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Caesarean section in case of cicatricial uterus generates a real epidemiological and prognostic obstetric problem. It is a real concern for the obstetrician with regard to all the factors that can influence the maternal and perinatal prognosis. The aim of this study is to analyze indications for caesarean section in cases of uterine scarring and to establish maternal and neonatal pronotics at the University Hospital of Brazzaville. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study conducted from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017 at the University Hospital of Brazzaville in Congo, comparing 150 deliveries by caesarean to 300 by vaginal route. Results: one hundred and fifty cesarized were recorded among 1212 women giving birth with scar uterus (12.3%). They were different from vaginal deliveries with uterine scarring in age (31 vs 28 years, p <0.05) and mostly referred (70% vs 20.7%, p <0.05). Caesareans were performed more urgently (52.7%) than prophylactically (47.3%). The risk of being caesarized was higher in the case of multiple scar (OR = 9.8 [4.5-21.1]), less than 16 months (OR = 10.2 [2.2-47.6]), and without evidence of strength in connection with a previous vaginal delivery (OR = 4.5 [1.7-11.8]). Emergency caesarean were dominated by acute fetal asphyxia (OR = 7.3 [3.6-14.5]) and dynamic dystocia (OR = 13.3 [10.1-26.6]). Maternal morbidity in cesarized patients was related to parietal suppuration (14, 9.3%) and was associated with a low risk of endometritis (3.4% vs 12%, OR = 0.2 [0.1-0.6], p <0.05). Newborns born to caesarean mothers were more resuscitated (17.2% vs 4%, OR = 4.9 [2.4-10.2], p <0.05), transferred to neonatology (19.8% vs 7.6%, OR = 2.9 [1.6-5.3 p <0.05) and died in the neonatal period (2.6% vs 0.3%, OR = 8.1 [1.2-52], p <0.05]. Conclusion: Caesarean section indications for cicatricial uterus are dominated by obstetric emergencies involving maternal and neonatal prognosis.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83031259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemphigoid Gestationis in a 15 Year Old Pregnant Patient, A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"E. Dabaj, Jana Abdo, S. Yacoub, Rawad Halimeh, Zarouhie Bedoyan, J. Khalifeh","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190702.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190702.14","url":null,"abstract":"Pemphigoid gestationis, previously known as herpes gestationis, is a rare autoimmune bullous disease that manifests in pregnancy. Upon presentation, patients complain of intense pruritis, urticarial plaques, vesicles and bullae that primarily affect the peri-umbilical area before spreading to involve the rest of the body. The accurate diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationis is made histopathologically on biopsies, based on the presence of sub-epidermal vesicles, as well as direct visualization of linear deposition of C3 at the basement membrane zone by using immunofluorescence staining on those biopsies. The mainstay treatment of the disease remains corticosteroids. Prompt recognition and provision of the appropriate management allow a reduction in both maternal morbidity as well as fetal adverse perinatal outcomes. Pathologic skin dermatoses and diseases of pregnancy are rare and have different presentations, treatment and prognoses. This literature review includes an up to date comparison on the presentation, diagnosis and treatment of dermatoses in pregnancy, in order to help with the discrimination. A case of pemphigoid gestationis in a 15 year old woman is described. This is the youngest reported age of presentation of pemphigoid gestationis, raising the question of whether maternal age is a factor that can affect the course and the severity of the disease.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82410123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Frozen Section in the Evaluation of Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Single Institution Experience","authors":"Marilyn Huang, M. Schlumbrecht, T. Hunter, M. Nadji, A. Pinto","doi":"10.11648/J.JGO.20190702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JGO.20190702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) account for a 10-15% subset of all primary ovarian epithelial neoplasms. Preoperative imaging and serologic markers are often inconclusive at distinguishing between benign, pre-malignant, and malignant ovarian tumor. Limitations at time of frozen section (FS) are relatively well known, and misinterpretation may occur potentially leading to over- and under-treatment. We evaluated all cases of BOTs submitted for FS in our institution to determine the accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis when compared with the final pathology, and possibly identify features that may guide surgical staging decision-making. Methods: We identified all intraoperative diagnoses of BOTs from our institution in a 12-year period. Clinical and pathologic data were abstracted. Intraoperative pathology diagnosis was compared to final pathologic diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: There were 80 cases included for analyses, of which 39 (48.8%) were serous borderline tumor (SBT), 18 (22.5%) mucinous borderline tumors (MBT), 1 (1.2%) endometrioid borderline tumor, and 22 (27.5%) at least borderline tumor (of various histologies). There were 13 cases with a discrepancy between FS and final diagnosis. In patients with a discrepancy where final pathology demonstrated carcinoma, 4/11 (36.3%) were not staged or had incomplete staging. Subsequently, 3/4 (75%) underwent a re-operation for staging purposes. In patients with discrepant pathology, discrepancy was more common 8/37 (21.6%) among non-gynecologic pathologists compared to 5/43 (11.6%) among gynecologic pathologists, but not statistically significant (p=0.23). When “at least borderline” tumor was diagnosed at FS, 10/22 (45%) had invasive malignancies on final pathology compared to diagnosis of BOT “only” on FS; on which 1/58 (1.7%) had invasive carcinoma. The cases with histologic diagnosis of BOT “only” were associated with significantly reduced discrepancy (OR 0.04 [95% CI 0.01-0.18], p< 0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, use of intraoperative evaluation for ovarian tumors is a useful diagnostic tool but has its limitations. In intraoperative cases where pathologists call “at least borderline”, strong consideration for surgical staging should be contemplated with re-evaluation of preoperative testing. Moreover, when possible, direct communication between surgeon and pathologist at time of FS diagnosis of BOT may be valuable.","PeriodicalId":77904,"journal":{"name":"Supplement to International journal of gynecology and obstetrics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}