Polish journal of occupational medicine最新文献_第5页

Non-occupational factors in occupational morbidity and mortality. 职业发病率和死亡率中的非职业因素。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

S Shackleton, J M Harrington

{"title":"Non-occupational factors in occupational morbidity and mortality.","authors":"S Shackleton, J M Harrington","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"This report forms a background paper for a World Health Organization document on \"Assessment of the role of lifestyles in influencing workers' health risks\". It identifies occupational and non-occupational factors which contribute to occupational mortality and morbidity. Eight categories of mortality and morbidity are identified as priorities for discussion, based on UK data. These are cardiovascular disease; lung cancer; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; occupational deafness; dermatitis; vibration white finger; tenosynovitis; and suicide. Non-occupational factors associated with these include age, sex, race, smoking, social class, alcohol consumption, diet, exposures in leisure time, exercise, atopy, heredity, personal hygiene, personality type, stress, past or predisposing illness or injury, weather/climate and air pollution. Smoking is identified as the most widely studied non-occupational factor in occupational disease. Smoking interacts with some occupational exposures to produce more disease than the sum of both agents separately. Smoking and asbestos interact multiplicatively in lung cancer causation. The ability to quantify interactions between occupational and non-occupational factors in disease etiology is important in assessing priorities for preventive action. Despite this, only the interactions of smoking have begun to be defined. The many other non-occupational factors mentioned above have each been studied individually but their interactions with occupational factors have not been assessed. This report describes models of quantifying interactions and recommends that further work is carried out to assess the interactions of non-occupational factors other than smoking in disease causation.","PeriodicalId":77768,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of occupational medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"105-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13633356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case-referent study on skin cancer and its relation to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. I. Study design. 皮肤癌及其与职业接触多环芳烃关系的个案研究。1 .研究设计。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

M Kubasiewicz, Z Starzyński

引用次数: 0

Changes in physiological and electrophysiological parameters in rabbits after single exposure to chlorphenvinphos. 家兔单次接触氯苯乙烯后生理和电生理参数的变化。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

S Gralewicz, T Tomas, R Górny, W Kowalczyk, R Soćko

{"title":"Changes in physiological and electrophysiological parameters in rabbits after single exposure to chlorphenvinphos.","authors":"S Gralewicz, T Tomas, R Górny, W Kowalczyk, R Soćko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate some of the central effects of an organophosphorus pesticide--chlorphenvinphos (CVP), the time course of changes in the activity of blood cholinesterase (ChE), body temperature and hippocampal EEG were compared in rabbits after acute i.p. exposure. The pesticide was administered twice at an interval of 80-90 days. The Deichmann-LeBlanc scheme of dosing (one animal/one dose) was adopted starting with 22 mg/kg. CVP resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in plasma and erythrocyte ChE activity, a decrease in body temperature ranging from 0.7 degrees to 3.5 degrees C, and in an increase in content of the immobility-related, rhythmic slow activity (I-RSA) in the hippocampal EEG. Changes in body temperature appeared at lower doses than those in the hippocampal EEG. Contrary to the changes in ChE activity, which lasted 4-30 days, those in body temperature and in hippocampal EEG disappeared within 24 hours after the injection. CVP administered at the same dose 80-90 days after the first injection, resulted again in an inhibition of ChE activity, but the effect on the hippocampal EEG was less clear, and that on body temperature was variable; no effect, an increase or a decrease appeared. The data suggest that: i) body temperature is a more sensitive index of a central action of CVP administered for the first time than the hippocampal EEG; ii) the brain cholinergic mechanisms are relatively resistant to the acute action of the OP and undergo fast adaptive changes; iii) even single exposure to CVP may produce some long-lasting functional changes in the brain of some subjects, which has been proven by the changed response to the second exposure.","PeriodicalId":77768,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of occupational medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13635581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotoxicity of air pollution in a non-ferrous metal foundry in three bacterial tests and a micronucleus test--a comparative study. 有色金属铸造厂空气污染遗传毒性的三种细菌试验和微核试验比较研究。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

K Gasiorowski, K Szyba, J Sawicka, A Osada, B Gonera, B Gulanowski

引用次数: 0

Increase in antipyrine clearance in workers exposed to phenol and toluene in the petrochemical industry. 石化工业中接触苯酚和甲苯的工人的安替比林清除率增加。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

M Paradowski, E Roczek, B Tkacz, D Dworniak

引用次数: 0

Exposure to mutagenic chemicals in foundry and urban environments. 在铸造厂和城市环境中接触致突变化学物质。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

B Barański, J Palus, E Janik-Spiechowicz

{"title":"Exposure to mutagenic chemicals in foundry and urban environments.","authors":"B Barański, J Palus, E Janik-Spiechowicz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed at the estimation of occupational exposure to mutagenic substances in a piston-ring foundry. The following samples were examined: solid phase of aerosol from the foundry and from different places of urban environment together with the foundry workers' urine collected during the 8-hour shift. The mutagenic substances were extracted from the collected material with acetone or concentrated with XAD-2 resin. The mutagenic property was estimated with the Ames' test using S. typhimurium strain TA98 without and with S9 fraction. The highest mutagenic activity was found at the following work-posts: caster, moulder, steerer of an induction furnace, and smelter and in the office rooms and in the flat occupied by heavy smokers. The mutagenic activity of aerosol at some other productive workposts in the foundry was similar to the mutagenic activity of aerosol in the office and flat rooms occupied by nonsmokers or in the street in Lodz. The mutagenic activity of urine from foundry workers was not correlated with the level of the occupational inhalation exposure to the mutagenic substances, however, the mutagenic activity of urine from smoking workers was about 10-20 times higher than from nonsmokers.","PeriodicalId":77768,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of occupational medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13635582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of cadmium upon the activity of some selected marker enzymes in rat liver. 镉对大鼠肝脏部分标记酶活性的影响。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

E Wielgus-Serafińska, M Kamiński, G Nowaczyk-Dura

{"title":"Effect of cadmium upon the activity of some selected marker enzymes in rat liver.","authors":"E Wielgus-Serafińska, M Kamiński, G Nowaczyk-Dura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine activities of selected enzymes, i.e. Mg(++)-stimulated ATP-ase, acid phosphatase (AcP), esterase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in rat liver after intragastric administration of cadmium chloride. The investigations were performed on forty male rats, Wistar strain, which made up one control group and two experimental groups. The rats of one experimental group were given a single dose of cadmium chloride solution of 88 mg CdCl2 per kg body weight (Group I), whereas the other experimental group received a double dose, i.e. 176 mg CdCl2 per kg body weight (Group II). The activities of enzymatic reactions were determined by means of analysis of surface optical density using the image computer analyzer, whereas the degree of mental accumulation was estimated with atom absorption spectrophotometry. Following cadmium chloride administration, the activities of SDH and esterase decreased in both experimental groups compared to controls. The decrease in both enzymatic activities was statistically significant. Similarly, activities of ACP and Mg(++)-stimulated ATP-ase decreased below control level in the rats of the Group I, which were given lower dose of CdCl2. This change was not statistically significant. Higher dose of CdCl2 (Group II) caused a statistically significant increase in acid phosphatase activity and only a small increase (bearing no statistical significance) in Mg(++)-stimulated ATP-ase activity. In addition, it was found that the accumulation of cadmium in both the liver and the kidneys is dose-related.","PeriodicalId":77768,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of occupational medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13679338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of selected chelating agents on organ distribution and excretion of manganese after inhalation exposure to 54MnCl2. I. Injection of chelating agents. 所选螯合剂对吸入54MnCl2后器官分布和锰排泄的影响。1、注射螯合剂。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

H Wieczorek, G Oberdörster

{"title":"Effects of selected chelating agents on organ distribution and excretion of manganese after inhalation exposure to 54MnCl2. I. Injection of chelating agents.","authors":"H Wieczorek, G Oberdörster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of 1,2-cyclohexylene-aminotetraacetic acid (CDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetis acid (DTPA) and 2,3-dimercaptol-1-propanesulphonic acid, sodium salt (DMPS) on Mn distribution and excretion in rats was examined after 1 hr exposure to 54MnCl2 (approximately 0.1 microgram Mn/m3). All complexing agents were injected i.p., 0.32 mM/kg/day, for 7 days, starting either immediately after exposure (day 0, group I), or 1 week after exposure (day 7, group II). The controls were injected i.p. with 4 ml/kg of 0.9% saline. Activity of 54Mn was determined in lung, liver, kidney, and brain, 24 hrs after the last treatment and in urine and feces collected for 24 hrs on days 1-7 and 8-14 respectively. CDTA and DTPA administered immediately after Mn exposure appeared to be most effective, resulting in a two-fold decrease of 54Mn in brain and kidney, and a statistically significant decrease in lung (DTPA) and liver (CDTA). In group II a two-fold decrease of 54Mn in kidney and liver was observed with CDTA. There was also a decrease after DTPA administration. DMPS was not effective in these experiments. On the first day after exposure, 54Mn levels in urine were more than 15 and 25 times higher for CDTA and DTPA, respectively than for saline, in the early treatment group. Excretion of Mn in feces was not affected. Our data show that the effectiveness of removing inhaled Mn depends both on the complexing agent and the time of its administration.","PeriodicalId":77768,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of occupational medicine","volume":"2 3","pages":"261-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13661734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between perceived psychic workload and heart rate reactivity in industrial women managers. 工业女性管理人员心理负荷感知与心率反应的关系。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

T Makowiec-Dabrowska, A Bortkiewicz

引用次数: 0

Mortality risk coefficients for radiation-induced cancer at high doses and dose-rates, and extrapolation to the low dose domain. 高剂量和剂量率下辐射诱发癌症的死亡率风险系数，以及低剂量域的外推。

Polish journal of occupational medicine Pub Date : 1989-01-01

J Liniecki

{"title":"Mortality risk coefficients for radiation-induced cancer at high doses and dose-rates, and extrapolation to the low dose domain.","authors":"J Liniecki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Risk coefficients for life-long excessive mortality due to radiation-induced cancers are presented, as derived in 1988 by the U.N. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), principally on the basis of follow-up from A-bomb survivors in Japan, over the period from 1950 through 1985. The data are based on the new, revised dosimetry (DS 86) in the two cities, and reflect the effects of high and intermediate doses of basically low LET radiation delivered instantaneously. The author presents arguments relevant to the extrapolation of the risk to the low dose (dose rate) domain, as outlined by UNSCEAR in its 1986, and the NCRP (USA) in its 1980, (no 64), reports. The arguments are based on models and dose-response relationships for radiation action, derived from data on cellular radiobiology, animal experiments on radiation-induced cancers and life shortening, as well as the available limited human epidemiological evidence. The available information points to the lower effectiveness of sparsely ionizing radiation at low doses and low dose-rates, as compared with that observed for high, acutely delivered doses. The possible range of the reduction values (DREF) is presented. For high LET radiations, the evidence is less extensive and sometimes contradictory; however, it does not point to a reduction of the effectiveness at low doses/dose-rates, relative to the high dose domain. Practical consequences of these facts are considered.","PeriodicalId":77768,"journal":{"name":"Polish journal of occupational medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"131-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13633357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0