International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement最新文献_第2页

The safety of the vitamins: an overview. 维生素的安全性:概述。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

J Marks

引用次数: 0

Clinical conditions requiring elevated dosages of vitamins. 需要高剂量维生素的临床状况。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

A Lemoine, C Le Devehat

{"title":"Clinical conditions requiring elevated dosages of vitamins.","authors":"A Lemoine, C Le Devehat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"With a normal and varied food intake, the vitamin supply is often sufficient to avoid vitamin deficiency. Since synthetic vitamins have become available, it has become possible to take with one dose the amount of vitamins normally taken up from food in one year. In these pharmacological doses vitamins must therefore be considered as drugs. And in pharmacological doses, their actions are often different and not directly linked to their physiological activity. Two types of pathologic state are unquestionably the concern of vitaminotherapy: More or less specific and intense vitamin deficiencies: Rickets, scurvy, beri beri, pellagra, vitamin deficiency related to alcohol consumption, polyneuritis, encephalopathy, malabsorption, mucoviscidosis, etc. Genetic defects of vitamin metabolism: Prescriptions for these cases represent only a tiny part of the vitamin pharmaceutic market. The prescription of vitamins as adjuvants in other pathologic states without vitamin deficiency, such as neurological pains, psychosis, prevention of common cold, alopecia, anemia, asthenia, carpal tunnel defect, etc., is frequent. The results may be good; however, in some cases, the efficacy is due to chance or placebo effect, and there is no scientific or experimental evidence of beneficial activity. At the moment, the pharmacological vitamin research is very active. New products with vitamin-like structures are being synthesized for specialized therapeutic applications. They will in the near future probably replace elevated and mega-doses for clinical prescription, except, of course, for the treatment of vitamin deficiency. On the other hand, the use of multivitamin preparations in nutritional dosage will greatly increase.","PeriodicalId":77728,"journal":{"name":"International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13652441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between free radicals and vitamins: an overview. 自由基与维生素的关系综述。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

H Sies

{"title":"Relationship between free radicals and vitamins: an overview.","authors":"H Sies","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic metabolism entails the generation of reactive oxygen species. These include the superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, the hydroxyl radical, and singlet molecular oxygen. Further, organic alkoxyl or peroxyl radicals may be formed. In the pattern of antioxidant defense, some vitamins play a prominent role and have therefore received much attention recently in the study of the physiological or pathophysiological imbalance in the prooxidant/antioxidant equilibrium. Prooxidant states are sometimes also referred to as oxidative stress. Vitamin E in the membrane compartment and vitamin C in the aqueous compartment exhibit direct reactivity with radicals, and there are repair pathways for the tocopheryl and ascorbyl radicals that are generated. In this regard, there can be an interaction between these two vitamins. Also, glutathione (GSH) can exhibit repair capacity as well as direct reactivity with radicals. Singlet molecular oxygen is an electronically excited state of oxygen with considerable chemical reactivity. It is a non-radical compound, generated by photochemical reactions or by the process of lipid peroxidation of biomembranes, i.e., by photoexcitation or by chemiexcitation. Singlet oxygen can be inactivated by a number of biological compounds known as quenchers. beta-Carotene is the most important vitamin in this respect.","PeriodicalId":77728,"journal":{"name":"International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13652378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large dose vitamin A to control vitamin A deficiency. 大剂量维生素A控制维生素A缺乏症。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

A Sommer

{"title":"Large dose vitamin A to control vitamin A deficiency.","authors":"A Sommer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin A deficiency is a serious problem throughout the developing world. An estimated 25-50 million children may well suffer the physiologic consequences of vitamin A deficiency; 5 million develop xerophthalmia, of whom 250,000 to 500,000 go blind every year; and untold numbers are at increased risk of diarrhea, respiratory disease, and death. Even mild vitamin A deficiency has been associated with a 14- to 10-fold increase in mortality, and controlled field trials have demonstrated vitamin A supplementation can reduce childhood death rates by 30%-70%. Three general intervention strategies exist for improving vitamin A status of high-risk, rural, economically deprived populations. These include nutrition education leading to increased dietary intake; vitamin A fortification of centrally processed, widely consumed dietary items; and periodic administration of large doses of vitamin A. At present, the latter is far and away the most widely employed intervention activity, because of its immediate impact, and because it can be implemented through the existing (and specialized) health care infrastructure. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin stored in the liver, so that a large dose of 200,000 IU (100,000 IU for children under 1 year of age) every 6 months reduces mortality, stimulates growth, and prevents xerophthalmia and nutritional blindness. Recent data suggest more frequent administration, every 3 to 4 months, may be desirable. Side effects have been minimal, with mild nausea, vomiting, and headaches in less than 1% to 4% of recipients. Care should be taken, however, that doses above 10,000 IU not be administered to women during the first trimester of pregnancy because of potential teratogenic effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77728,"journal":{"name":"International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13652383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safety of high-level vitamin C ingestion. 高剂量摄入维生素C的安全性。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

J M Rivers

引用次数: 0

Preventive potential of antioxidative vitamins and carotenoids on cancer. 抗氧化维生素和类胡萝卜素对癌症的预防作用。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

H B Stähelin, F Gey, G Brubacher

{"title":"Preventive potential of antioxidative vitamins and carotenoids on cancer.","authors":"H B Stähelin, F Gey, G Brubacher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological and experimental research indicated some time ago that vitamins might act as protective agents in carcinogenesis. However, only more recently prospective studies proved a significant inverse correlation between certain vitamins and cancer at different site. The Basel Study (comprising 3756 healthy adult volunteers) is unique in its immediate measurement of the plasma vitamins at the time of the clinical assessment (1971-1973). The complete mortality follow-up allows testing of several hypotheses regarding the molecular basis of cancerogenesis. Among these mechanisms, aggressive oxygen species have been implicated. By analyzing plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants in cancer cases and survivors, we demonstrated a significantly negative inverse correlation between plasma beta-carotene and all cancer (n = 102, p less than .01), cancer of the lung (n = 37, p less than .01) and stomach (n = 17, p less than .05). Low retinol was related only to gastric cancer (p less than .01); low vitamin C and low vitamin E was related to all cancer and gastric cancer (p less than .05). The estimated antioxidant potential calculated as the molar product of vitamins C, E and beta-carotene showed a highly significant inverse correlation with all cancer and cancer of the lung and the stomach (p less than .01). These data and other newer studies strongly support the antioxidants in a role as natural inhibitors which may act on cancer initiation or promotion. Finally the convergence of results of the many epidemiological and experimental studies allow more soundly based conclusions with regard to dosage and time of vitamin intake in cancer.","PeriodicalId":77728,"journal":{"name":"International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13652380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamins and inherited human errors of metabolism. 维生素和遗传的人类代谢错误。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

C Bachmann

引用次数: 0

Adequacy of vitamin supply under maximal sustained workloads: the Tour de France. 在最大持续工作量下的维生素供应充足:环法自行车赛。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

W H Saris, J Schrijver, M A van Erp Baart, F Brouns

{"title":"Adequacy of vitamin supply under maximal sustained workloads: the Tour de France.","authors":"W H Saris, J Schrijver, M A van Erp Baart, F Brouns","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In the Tour de France competing cyclists must pedal about 4000 km over a period of three weeks with only one day allowed for rest. The course includes 30 mountains, the highest of which reaches an altitude of approximately 2700 m. The energy expenditure values of these cyclists range from a mean of 25.4 MJ/day to peak values of 32.7 MJ/day. These are the highest values that have ever been reported for a period longer than seven days. On the basis of the food records of 5 cyclists, it turned out that 62 En.% is derived from CHO, 15 En.% from protein, and 23 En.% from fat. Since the food choice is primarily focused on digestibility and energy content, this results in a frequent consumption of sweet cakes and CHO-rich fluids. Some 49% of the energy is consumed in between meals. Such a nutritional pattern leads to a lowering of the nutrient density especially with respect to the B-vitamins. Intake of vitamins B1, B2, B6, and C, including contribution from enriched sport drinks, was 1.97 mg, 4.96 mg, 2.40 mg, and 158 mg, respectively. Besides this, intramuscular injections of megadosis vitamins of B1, B2, B6, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, and especially B12 did increase the intake drastically. This was reflected in high blood concentrations of vitamins. Except for folic acid, vitamins (B1, B2, B6, and B12) exceeded the upper limits of the values from a reference group, particularly B12, which exceeded the reference values by up to 400%. During the Tour, vitamin concentrations remained essentially unchanged.","PeriodicalId":77728,"journal":{"name":"International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13679292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiological criteria for evidence of beneficial or adverse effects of elevated dosages of vitamins. 高剂量维生素有益或有害影响证据的流行病学标准。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

R Bruppacher

{"title":"Epidemiological criteria for evidence of beneficial or adverse effects of elevated dosages of vitamins.","authors":"R Bruppacher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Criteria for epidemiological evidence of effects of elevated dosages of vitamins are basically the same as those for the evidence of effects of other exposures. Given the unambiguous classifications of both exposure and cases, they comprise strength, significance, specificity, and consistency of the statistical association, plausible time relationship as well as dose-effect relationship and consistency with other evidence. Today, the term epidemiological evidence usually refers to field experience, often to \"observational,\" i.e., non-experimental, evidence. An extreme example for this are the so-called \"ecological studies,\" which are frequently criticized because of their potential for exaggerated interpretations, though they can be very helpful in constructing and supporting hypotheses. For very rare and long-term effects the description and evaluation of individual cases are often combined with attempts of quantification, by relating them to the estimated exposure of the source population. This is subject to numerous sources of errors. If it is difficult to confirm the existence of rare and late effects, as the collection and interpretation of data on the prevention of such effects often present almost insurmountable methodological challenges. However, with correct interpretation and by keeping the quantitative perspective in mind, epidemiological evidence can be extremely helpful in the assessment of the overall importance, i.e., the public health significance, of such effects.","PeriodicalId":77728,"journal":{"name":"International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13652377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blood and serum status of water- and fat-soluble vitamins in athletes and non-athletes. 运动员和非运动员血液和血清中水溶性和脂溶性维生素的状况。

International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-01-01

L Rokitzki, A Berg, J Keul

引用次数: 0