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Immunology. Supplement最新文献

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T-cell differentiation and effector functions. t细胞分化及其效应功能。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
B A Askonas
{"title":"T-cell differentiation and effector functions.","authors":"B A Askonas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>T cells and their subpopulations have many different functions important for (i) the regulation of immune responses through the release of antigen non-specific lymphokines and (ii) as effector cells to rid the host of intracellular pathogens, be they bacteria, parasites or viruses. In this short summary only a few features of T-cell function can be summarized, and studies in virus infection will serve as illustrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"51-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14418990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular genetics of the MHC. MHC的分子遗传学。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
J Trowsdale
{"title":"Molecular genetics of the MHC.","authors":"J Trowsdale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although some gaps remain, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has now been mapped in considerable detail in both humans and mice. From the results of DNA cloning and sequencing, there is now a detailed knowledge of which genes are expressed and the composition of the proteins encoded by them, as well as the structural basis of the polymorphism. The problem that can now be addressed is how the sequences of the polymorphic domains relate to the function of HLA molecules and to the diseases associated with the MHC.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"21-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14416655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structure-function relationships of MHC class II molecules. MHC II类分子的结构-功能关系。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
R I Lechler
{"title":"Structure-function relationships of MHC class II molecules.","authors":"R I Lechler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"25-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14416656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lymphokines and interleukins. 淋巴因子和白细胞介素。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
A S Hamblin
{"title":"Lymphokines and interleukins.","authors":"A S Hamblin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of recombinant DNA technology to the investigation of lymphokines has provided homogeneous material for experimentation. The general biochemical and biological properties of these lymphokines are reviewed here. The available information suggests that lymphokines have diverse and synergistic effects on multiple target cells and organs. The biological significance of these effects is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14416659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transmembrane signalling by B-lymphocyte receptors. b淋巴细胞受体的跨膜信号传导。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
G G Klaus
{"title":"Transmembrane signalling by B-lymphocyte receptors.","authors":"G G Klaus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The responses of B cells to specific antigens are modulated by secondary signals delivered by a variety of cell surface receptors. Besides surface immunoglobulins, these include class II MHC antigens, Fc and C3 receptors, in addition to those for various lymphokines. The current knowledge of the second messengers used by various receptors and their roles in B-cell activation are discussed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"35-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14416658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The T-cell repertoire. t细胞库。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
C Sharrock
{"title":"The T-cell repertoire.","authors":"C Sharrock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"47-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14416660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Function of the MHC. MHC的功能。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
E Simpson
{"title":"Function of the MHC.","authors":"E Simpson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) was discovered originally as a genetic locus controlling rapid rejection of tissue grafts. Subsequently, study of antibody responses in vivo and T-cell responses in vitro to MHC antigens identified the presence of a number of closely linked loci within the MHC. Immune response (Ir) genes also mapped to the MHC. The discovery of MHC restriction and the molecular identification of MHC genes and their products has led to a unified theory of the principal function of MHC molecules to act as guidance molecules for T-cell responses. Additional functions are suggested by their association with cell surface receptors.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14263364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular genetics of immunoglobulins. 免疫球蛋白的分子遗传学。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
M J Taussig
{"title":"Molecular genetics of immunoglobulins.","authors":"M J Taussig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the protein level, antibodies show several types of variability. One is the diversity of the variable (V) regions of heavy (H) and light (L) chains, leading to antibody-combining site specificity; another is the existence of two types of light chain (kappa and lambda); a third is the diversity of heavy chain-constant (CH) regions associated with different effector functions. At the DNA level, V-region variability is coded partly through the large number of VL- and VH-region genes and partly generated by integrating complete V genes from combinations of shorter segments (VL-JL for the light chain, VH-D-JH for the heavy chains), together with somatic mutational events (Tonegawa, 1983). kappa, lambda and H chains are coded independently on different chromosomes and have their own V- and C-region genes (Honjo, 1983). CH-region diversity results from a set of CH genes corresponding to the different Ig subclasses. During B-cell development, rearrangement of DNA occurs both in the VL/VH- and CH-region genes. V-region rearrangements take place at the pre-B-cell stage and produce the complete V-region genes for the heavy and light chains which will permanently characterize an individual clone; CH-region rearrangements enable mature B cells to secrete their V regions on different Ig classes (class switching). This article will review the structure and organization of V and C genes and the control of their expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14263365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interferons. 干扰素。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
A G Morris
{"title":"Interferons.","authors":"A G Morris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interferon (IFN)-alpha and -beta are produced by virus-infected cells; IFN-gamma is produced as a primary response of T lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation, IFN-gamma gene activation being brought about by changes in Ca2+ and phosphatidyl inositol metabolism. IFNs act by binding to cell surface receptors and triggering activation of IFN-responsive genes, probably via specific base sequences located in the 5' non-coding region of such genes, resulting in changes in cell function. Important genes activated in this way are the MHC antigen genes; class I induced by all IFNs, class II by IFN-gamma only. This MHC activation may have important consequences for lymphocyte function.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"43-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13602184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antigen-specific T-helper and -suppressor factors in the control of the immune response. 抗原特异性t辅助因子和t抑制因子在控制免疫反应中的作用。
Immunology. Supplement Pub Date : 1988-01-01
G L Asherson
{"title":"Antigen-specific T-helper and -suppressor factors in the control of the immune response.","authors":"G L Asherson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antigen-specific T-helper and -suppressor molecules usually have a two-moiety, disulphide-bonded structure. One chain binds antigen, while the other chain bears I-A in the case of helper factor and I-J in the case of suppressor factor. Their genetic restriction, when it exists, parallels the 'MHC' determinants that they carry and probably reflects the fact that helper cells are activated by antigen in the context of I-A, while suppressor cells are activated by antigen in the context of I-J. T-helper factor probably augments the induction of contact sensitivity by approximating antigen with its own I-A determinants. Different factors act at the induction and the effector stage and they may be antigen or idiotype directed. The antigen-specific factors characteristically are part of complex circuits involving both antigen-specific and non-specific cells and factors and often have a mode of action through the macrophage.</p>","PeriodicalId":77725,"journal":{"name":"Immunology. Supplement","volume":"1 ","pages":"53-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13602185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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