Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association最新文献_第3页

Metabolic and neurophysiologic sequelae of brain injury: a cholinergic hypothesis. 脑损伤的代谢和神经生理后遗症:一个胆碱能假说。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.163

R L Hayes, H H Stonnington, B G Lyeth, C E Dixon, T Yamamoto

{"title":"Metabolic and neurophysiologic sequelae of brain injury: a cholinergic hypothesis.","authors":"R L Hayes, H H Stonnington, B G Lyeth, C E Dixon, T Yamamoto","doi":"10.1089/cns.1986.3.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews a number of lines of evidence developed in our laboratories indicating that at least some components of neurologic disturbances following concussion may be attributable to increased functional activity of cholinergic systems located within specific brain regions. These lines of evidence include EEG studies indicating that disruption of the reticular activating system is not necessary for production of a reversible, flaccid, comatose state following low levels of concussion, systematic transection studies indicating that regions bounded by collicular and midpontine transections may contribute to at least motor components of the behavioral suppression associated with concussion, local rates of glucose utilization following fluid percussion injury increase in restricted areas bounded by collicular and midpontine transections; microinjection of carbachol (but not tetracaine) into these hypermetabolic regions produced behavioral suppression and electroencephalographic changes resembling those following concussion, systemic administration or microinjections of atropine, but not mecamylamine, antagonized the behavioral effects of carbachol, and data indicating that pharmacologic blockage of muscarinic cholinergic systems can attenuate neurologic deficits. Taken in conjunction with data from earlier clinical and laboratory studies, our research also indicates that anticholinergic therapy may potentially benefit head-injured patients.","PeriodicalId":77690,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association","volume":"3 2","pages":"163-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cns.1986.3.163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14655812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Compression of rat spinal cord in vitro: effects of ethanol on recovery of axonal conduction. 体外大鼠脊髓压迫:乙醇对轴突传导恢复的影响。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/CNS.1986.3.193

S. Ridella, T. Anderson

{"title":"Compression of rat spinal cord in vitro: effects of ethanol on recovery of axonal conduction.","authors":"S. Ridella, T. Anderson","doi":"10.1089/CNS.1986.3.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/CNS.1986.3.193","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of ethanol on recovery of neural conduction after spinal cord compression was evaluated in an isolated rat spinal cord preparation. Controlled compression of 50 to 75 percent of the cord cross-section was delivered using a piezoelectric translator. Postcompression compound action potential (CAP) amplitude, latency, and refractory periods were measured relative to pre-compression values. Recovery of CAP's was compared for spinal cords exposed to ethanol in vitro (100 mg/dl bath concentration, started one hour prior to compression) versus those maintained in normal artificial CSF. The in vitro effects of ethanol were evaluated on spinal cords from rats maintained on a normal diet and from those repeatedly intoxicated with ethanol for 15 days prior to the acute experiment. Compression of the cord resulted in an immediate 68% decrease in CAP peak amplitude and an increase in latency (171%) and refractory period (256%). In normal bathing medium, CAP amplitude recovered to 83% of pre-compression values 180 minutes after compression. The addition of ethanol to the artificial CSF did not directly affect CAP parameters, but combined with compression, CAP amplitude recovered to only 42% of pre-compression values 180 minutes after impact (p less than .01). Recovery was less affected by acute ethanol exposure in cords from ethanol pretreated animals. CAP amplitude recovered to 83% of pre-compression levels and was not different from compression-only recovery (p less than 0.10). The data suggest that direct effects of ethanol on axonal membranes may affect the sensitivity of axons to mechanical trauma or their capacity to recover normal function. Since spinal cords from repeatedly exposed animals are less sensitive to the acute effects of ethanol, ethanol may be acting to \"fluidize\" the axonal membrane.","PeriodicalId":77690,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association","volume":"17 1","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80714007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Ca paradox in neural injury: a hypothesis. 神经损伤中的Ca悖论:一个假说。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.235

W Young

{"title":"Ca paradox in neural injury: a hypothesis.","authors":"W Young","doi":"10.1089/cns.1986.3.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.235","url":null,"abstract":"The deleterious effects of Ca ionic entry into neurons has been speculated to be a final common pathway of cell death. However, a direct cause-effect relationship between Ca and neuronal death has been difficult to establish. Cells dying from any cause will accumulate Ca. The entry of Ca into neurons and the subsequent pathological changes associated with Ca entry consequently may be manifestations rather than causes of cell death. Recent work showing that extracellular Ca ionic activity becomes profoundly depressed in injured spinal cord and ischemic cerebral cortex prompted a new hypothesis on Ca mediated damage. We propose that the initial fall in extracellular Ca activity, resulting from the death of some cells in the tissue, increases the susceptibility of the surviving cells to Ca entry when extracellular Ca activity levels normalize and that this accounts for part of the secondary damage that has been observed in neural injury models. Such a phenomenon has been described in cardiac tissues. Dubbed Ca paradox, this phenomenon occurs when heart cells are perfused with Ca-free solutions for several minutes followed by the return to normal Ca-containing solutions. The cardiac cells die and undergo physiological, morphological, biochemical, and other changes. The evidence supporting a Ca paradox phenomenon in injured neural tissues is summarized. The therapeutic implications of Ca paradox in neural tissue injury are discussed.","PeriodicalId":77690,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association","volume":"3 3","pages":"235-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cns.1986.3.235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14664972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Considerations in designing acceptable neuromuscular stimulation systems for restoring function in paralyzed limbs. 设计可接受的神经肌肉刺激系统以恢复瘫痪肢体功能的考虑。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.37

J A Gruner

引用次数: 11

Current status and future prospects for robotic technology in health care delivery. 机器人技术在医疗服务中的现状与未来展望。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.111

K G Engelhardt

引用次数: 10

The effects of large doses of methylprednisolone on neurologic recovery and survival in the Mongolian gerbil following three hours of unilateral carotid occlusion. 大剂量甲基强的松龙对蒙古沙鼠单侧颈动脉闭塞3小时后神经恢复和生存的影响。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.153

J M Braughler, M J Lainer

{"title":"The effects of large doses of methylprednisolone on neurologic recovery and survival in the Mongolian gerbil following three hours of unilateral carotid occlusion.","authors":"J M Braughler, M J Lainer","doi":"10.1089/cns.1986.3.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.153","url":null,"abstract":"Using a scoring system designed to assess the severity of neurologic deficit in gerbils during and after temporary unilateral carotid occlusion, the effects of large doses of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS: Solu-Medrol sterile powder) on experimental stroke have been examined. By scoring gerbils hourly for torso curvature, circling, inability to walk, ptosis, barrel rolling, opisthotonus, generalized seizures, and loss of righting reflex, their level of neurologic deficit can be easily, quantitatively, and reproducibly evaluated. Approximately 37% of gerbils subjects to a 3-hour unilateral carotid occlusion attained average scores of 4.0-4.5 during the first hour. There was a slight, though not significant, worsening (increase) of scores over the 3-hour occlusion period that was not altered by pretreatment of gerbils with 60 mg/kg of MPSS 10 minutes before occlusion. Following removal of occlusion at 3 hours, gerbils recovered only minimally during the ensuing 4-hour period, with deficit scores remaining around 3.2 +/- 0.3. Pretreatment of gerbils with 60 mg/kg of MPSS, however, resulted in a striking improvement in their deficit scores to 1.6 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.05) by 2 hours after occlusion removal. Treatment of gerbils with lower (30 mg/kg) or higher (100 mg/kg) doses of MPSS was not as effective in promoting improvement. The survival of 3-hour occluded gerbils was significantly enhanced by pretreatment with 60 mg/kg of MPSS. Vehicle-treated gerbils had survival rates of 41.7%, 16.7%, and 16.7% at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days, respectively, compared with 90.9%, 72.7%, and 45.4%, respectively, for MPSS-treated gerbils.","PeriodicalId":77690,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association","volume":"3 2","pages":"153-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cns.1986.3.153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14888438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Effects of oral physostigmine and lecithin on memory and attention in closed head-injured patients. 口服芥子碱和卵磷脂对闭合性颅脑损伤患者记忆和注意力的影响。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.333

H S Levin, B H Peters, Z Kalisky, W M High, A von Laufen, H M Eisenberg, D P Morrison, H E Gary

引用次数: 68

Aerobic capacity in spinal cord injured people. 脊髓损伤患者的有氧能力。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.77

F Haas, K Axen, H Pineda

引用次数: 15

Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on spinal cord vascular injury. 急性酒精中毒对脊髓血管损伤的影响。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.183

T E Anderson

{"title":"Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on spinal cord vascular injury.","authors":"T E Anderson","doi":"10.1089/cns.1986.3.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.183","url":null,"abstract":"Previous experimental studies found that acute intoxication may alter the long-term outcome of standardized spinal cord injury resulting in increased spinal cord necrosis and impaired functional recovery. We examined the effects of acute intoxication (blood alcohol concentration of 100 mg/dl) on hemorrhage and axonal conduction three hours after moderate severity spinal cord contusion induced by a constrained stroke pneumatic impactor. The hemorrhagic spinal cord lesion resulting from standardized injury was significantly increased by acute intoxication. Both local hemorrhage at the injury site and rostro-caudal and total extent of hemorrhage were increased. Also, the ability of nerve axons to recover function during the first three hours post-contusion was impaired by intoxication. These findings confirm that increased post-contusion hemorrhage results when spinal cord contusion injury occurs in the presence of acute intoxication, and suggest that increased intramedullary hemorrhage may contribute to previously observed increases in anatomic damage and impaired functional recovery with alcohol intoxication.","PeriodicalId":77690,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association","volume":"3 3","pages":"183-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cns.1986.3.183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14918786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations. 脊髓刺激对慢性脊髓损伤患者痉挛的控制:1 .临床观察。

Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1089/cns.1986.3.129

M M Dimitrijevic, M R Dimitrijevic, L S Illis, K Nakajima, P C Sharkey, A M Sherwood

{"title":"Spinal cord stimulation for the control of spasticity in patients with chronic spinal cord injury: I. Clinical observations.","authors":"M M Dimitrijevic, M R Dimitrijevic, L S Illis, K Nakajima, P C Sharkey, A M Sherwood","doi":"10.1089/cns.1986.3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/cns.1986.3.129","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation for control of spasticity was studied in 59 spinal cord injury patients. SCS was markedly or moderately effective in reducing spasticity in 63% of the patients. We found that control of spasticity by SCS was not correlated with the severity of spasticity, the type of spasticity (flexor or extensor), or the ability to ambulate. However, stimulation was more effective in patients with incomplete cervical lesions than in complete cervical lesions. Stimulation below the lesion was more effective than above. We conclude that SCS was effective when electrodes were properly positioned below the lesion over the posterior aspect of the spinal cord in patients with some residual spinal cord function. We hypothesize that SCS controls spasticity by modification of activity of spinal-brainstem-spinal loops and by suppression of segmental excitation through antidromic activation of propriospinal pathways.","PeriodicalId":77690,"journal":{"name":"Central nervous system trauma : journal of the American Paralysis Association","volume":"3 2","pages":"129-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/cns.1986.3.129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14614607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 77