{"title":"Hospital use in Poland and the United States.","authors":"L J Kozak, W E Bacon, M Krzyzanowski, B Wojtyniak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report presents national statistics on hospital use from the U.S. National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Polish General Hospital Morbidity Study. Comparisons are made of discharge rates, average lengths of stay, rates of patient care days, and fatality rates by sex, age, and diagnostic category. The similarities and differences between the two countries in population characteristics, health status, health services systems, and health care resources are also described.</p>","PeriodicalId":77646,"journal":{"name":"Vital and health statistics. Series 5, Comparative international vital and health statistics reports","volume":" 2","pages":"1-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14403947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hospital use by children in the United States and Canada.","authors":"L J Kozak, E McCarthy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hospital discharge rate of children under 15 years of age is lower in the United States than in many other countries. This comparison of children's hospital use in the United States and Canada explores possible reasons for the relatively low discharge rate of U.S. children. Discharge rates are compared by age, sex, diagnosis, and surgical procedure. Morbidity and mortality rates are examined for indications that U.S. children are in better health than Canadian children and thus are less likely to need hospitalization. Characteristics of the health services systems in the two countries are investigated for evidence that ambulatory care is substituted for inpatient care in the treatment of U.S. children or that U.S. children have greater problems obtaining access to hospital care than Canadian children.</p>","PeriodicalId":77646,"journal":{"name":"Vital and health statistics. Series 5, Comparative international vital and health statistics reports","volume":" 1","pages":"1-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17460437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyse comparée de trois dispositifs d’assainissement à base\u0000de fragments de coco","authors":"E. Falipou, C. Boutin, C. Favre, R. Laçasse","doi":"10.36904/tsm/202105063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202105063","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article est centré sur l’analyse de filtres garnis de fragments de coco utilisés en France en assainissement non collectif. La qualité des rejets des trois dispositifs développés (V0, V1 et V2) mesurée en conditions de plateforme d’essais et in situ est comparée. Des études précédentes utilisant une méthodologie d’analyse similaire ont qualifié d’« acceptable » la qualité des rejets in situ de V0 et V2 mais pas celle de V1. L’objectif est d’évaluer l’impact des évolutions techniques (matériau filtrant, surface réduite et distribution) sur les différences observées et de déterminer comment les performances sur plateforme peuvent prédire ces résultats de terrain. Tant pour les résultats recueillis sur plateforme qu’ in situ, les outils statistiques déployés concluent que les meilleures qualités de rejet sont obtenues avec le dispositif V0 et les moins bonnes avec le dispositif V1, le dispositif V2 étant intermédiaire. La comparaison entre la qualité des eaux usées brutes utilisées sur plateforme et celle observée in situ montre des différences de concentrations, mais des charges organiques appliquées plutôt homogènes. Ainsi, il est possible de déterminer les rendements requis sur plateforme, assurant l’atteinte des exigences de rejets in situ. L’article fournit des valeurs de rendement applicables aux dispositifs de configuration équivalente. La distribution améliorée à l’aide de l’auget bidirectionnel explique en partie les meilleures performances de V0 et V2 comparativement à V1. Les diminutions des surfaces de filtration n’ont pas d’impact sur les abattements de composés carbonés. Enfin, bien que sur plateforme les charges surfaciques journalières en azote Kjeldahl (NK) soient plus grandes qu’en conditions in situ, ce type d’essais ne permet pas d’apprécier le vieillissement des dispositifs par l’analyse des différentes concentrations azotées du rejet. La poursuite du suivi in situ apparaît donc pertinente.","PeriodicalId":77646,"journal":{"name":"Vital and health statistics. Series 5, Comparative international vital and health statistics reports","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88314195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}