Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology最新文献

{"title":"SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: WHAT MAKES IT SO DIFFERENT?","authors":"G. Perri","doi":"10.54044/RAMI.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54044/RAMI.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"[...]the infection can be transmitted by those who are asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic. [...]there is an activation of T cells in the first week of infection, with virusspecific memory CD4 and CD8 T cells reportedly peaking within 2 weeks, but remaining detectable at lower levels for 100 or more days of observation. The primary mechanism of action of Molnupiravir against RNA viruses is viral error catastrophe, a concept that is predicated on increasing the viral mutation rate beyond a biologically tolerable threshold, resulting in impairment of viral fitness and leading to viral extinction, determining a striking decrease in viral load in the nasopharyngeal cavity of the tested animals.","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"80 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42158605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance pattern of multi-drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characteristics of patients with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.","authors":"Adriana Moisoiu,&nbsp;Cristina Iulia Mitran,&nbsp;Mãdãlina Irina Mitran,&nbsp;Mihaela Roxana Huhu,&nbsp;Octavian Costin Ioghen,&nbsp;Adelina-Silvana Gheorghe,&nbsp;Mircea Tampa,&nbsp;Simona Roxana Georgescu,&nbsp;Mircea Ioan Popa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis\u0000(MDR-TB) is a major concern in the medical community.\u0000Knowledge about the drug resistance pattern of\u0000Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains plays an essential role\u0000in the management of the disease.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective,\u00003-year study (2009-2011), in an urban area. We collected\u0000data on the drug resistance for 497 M. tuberculosis strains,\u0000isolated from patients with pulmonary TB. Among the 497\u0000strains, we identified 158 MDR strains. Eighty medical\u0000recorders of patients infected with MDR strains were available\u0000and we included those patients in the study group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 497 analysed strains, 8% were\u0000resistant to a single anti-TB drug. We identified 5.2% polyresistant\u0000drug strains, the most frequent combination being\u0000INH+EMB (1.4%). Of the 158 MDR strains identified\u0000(31.8%), over 60% were resistant to all first line anti-TB\u0000drugs tested. Most of them presented resistance to STM\u0000(86.1%) and EMB (67.7%). With respect to second line\u0000anti-TB drugs resistance to KM (23.4%) was the most\u0000common, followed by OFX (8.2%). With respect to the\u0000patients with MDR-TB, a percentage of 61.2% of them had\u0000a history of anti-TB treatment. Regarding lifestyle habits,\u000061.2% of the patients were smokers and 18.8% were\u0000abusing alcohol. Out of 51 patients, for whom information\u0000was available regarding their occupation, only 33.3 % were\u0000employees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MDR strains of Mycobacterium\u0000tuberculosis display an increased resistance to first line\u0000anti-TB drugs. Extension of resistance to second line\u0000anti-TB drugs narrows the therapeutic options. Knowledge\u0000of MDR-TB risk factors is imperative for the correct and\u0000rapid initiation of the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"25-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyploidization on SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1.","authors":"Zaven Karalyan,&nbsp;Roza Izmailyan,&nbsp;Elena Karalova,&nbsp;Liana Abroyan,&nbsp;Lina Hakobyan,&nbsp;Aida Avetisyan,&nbsp;Zara Semerjyan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyploidization is one of the most dramatic\u0000changes occurring within cell genome owing to\u0000various reasons including under many viral infections.\u0000We examined the impact of herpes simplex\u0000virus-1 (HSV-1) on SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma\u0000cell line.\u0000The infected cells were followed from 6 hours up\u0000to 96 hours post infection (hpi). A large number of\u0000polyploid cells with giant nuclei was observed under\u0000the influence of HSV-1 at 24 hpi with the DNA\u0000content of 32c to 64c or more, in comparison with\u0000control SK-N-MC cells that were characterized by\u0000relatively moderate values of ploidy, i.e. 8с to 16с\u0000(where 1c is the haploid amount of nuclear DNA\u0000found in normal diploid populations in G0/G1). After\u000048-96 hpi, the population of polyploid cells with giant\u0000nuclei decreased to the benchmark level. The SK-NMC\u0000cells infected with HSV-1 for 24 hours were\u0000stained with gallocyanine and monitored for\u0000cytological features.\u0000The infected cells underwent virus induced cellcell\u0000and nuclei fusion with the formation of dense\u0000nuclei syncytium. The metabolic activity of HSV-1\u0000infected cells was higher in both nuclei and nucleoli\u0000when compared to control cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the molecular diagnosis in the surveillance of the Clostridium difficile infection.","authors":"Anda Bãicuş,&nbsp;Monica Cîrstoiu,&nbsp;Katia Lambru,&nbsp;Flaviu Plata,&nbsp;Cãtãlin Florin Cîrstoiu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clostridium difficile is the agent of many cases of\u0000antibiotic associated diarrhea. The prevalence of the\u0000toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains was assessed by\u0000real-time PCR between May 2014- January 2015, at the\u0000Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania. The\u0000incidence of the Clostridium difficile infection was 0.47%.\u0000Among the 1119 stool specimens tested, 165 (13.8%)\u0000were positive for C. difficile toxins A and B by\u0000immunochromatography test. All 165 positive samples\u0000were investigated by real time PCR and 134 (81%)\u0000samples were positive for toxin B and for the binary toxin,\u0000while the rest were positive for toxin B. A high number\u0000of samples positive for binary toxin was recorded in the\u0000General surgery department (29.85%), Neurology\u0000(13.43%), and Internal medicine (12.68%). Many of the\u0000infected patients presented as underlying pathology,\u0000cancer, diabetes mellitus and stroke. A rapid decision\u0000concerning the antibiotic therapy was made, to decrease\u0000the risk of nosocomial spread.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"12-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on the expression profile of transient receptor potential-like (TRPL) gene from Drosophila melanogaster.","authors":"Mihaela Raluca Mihalache (Radu),&nbsp;Attila Cristian Raþiu,&nbsp;Alina Neagu,&nbsp;Veronica Lazãr,&nbsp;Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc,&nbsp;Alexandru Al Ecovoiu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In an endeavor to monitor the effects of\u0000experimental infections with Pseudomonas\u0000aeruginosa on gene expression profiles of the\u0000eukaryotic model host, we focused on transient\u0000receptor potential-like (trpl) pleiotropic gene of\u0000Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly). Herein we\u0000report qRT-PCR data derived from experimental\u0000infections of male fruit flies with different genetic\u0000backgrounds by pricking and ingesta procedures, as\u0000compared to previous results obtained by microarray\u0000technology consecutive to ingesta experiments.\u0000Whenever statistically significant, the qRT-PCR\u0000results obtained for the whole body and intestine of\u0000Oregon wild-type flies infected with P. aeruginosa\u0000are in agreement with the microarray ones. Both\u0000expression profiling technologies revealed similar\u0000values of downregulation, supporting the robustness\u0000of trpl as a novel gene model for inquiring hostpathogen\u0000interactions. On the other hand, the\u0000downregulation of trpl in gammaCop mutant males\u0000is not confirmed by qRT-PCR data, suggesting that\u0000this mutant background is more sensitive to\u0000environmental and experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"32-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study reveals the circulation of norovirus genotype GII.P21-GII.2 in Romania","authors":"Sorin Dinu,&nbsp;Camelia Szmal,&nbsp;Maria Damian,&nbsp;Gabriela Oprişan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute\u0000gastroenteritis, causing significant economic burden\u0000globally. Infection is self-limiting, occurring as sporadic\u0000cases or producing outbreaks associated with\u0000consumption of contaminated water or food. All age\u0000groups are affected and person to person transmission is\u0000frequent. Except a recent outbreak in Romania caused by\u0000the emergent genotype GII.P17-GII.17, few data\u0000regarding the circulation of noroviruses in our country are\u0000available. We retrospectively analyzed stool samples from\u0000acute gastroenteritis patients hospitalized in Romania\u0000between 2005 and 2008. Noroviruses were detected by\u0000RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis was inferred from\u0000partial sequences spanning ORF1 and ORF2.\u0000Recombinant GII.P21-GII.2 isolates were found in two\u0000adult patients from a cluster of acute gastroenteritis in\u00002006. Molecular analysis based on partial genomic\u0000sequences indicated high degree of similarity between the\u0000two isolates and grouped them with cosmopolitan strains\u0000circulating in the same period of time. Along with the high\u0000rate of mutation, recombination is an important driving\u0000force in norovirus evolution. GII.P21 isolates, formerly\u0000known as GII.b recombinants, have been detected in\u0000Europe since 2000 and associated with sporadic cases and\u0000outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. This is the first\u0000work describing norovirus GII.P21-GII.2 identified in\u0000Romania.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Could the genexpert system be a new tool for poliovirus detection in the sewage water?","authors":"Anda Bãicuş","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental enterovirus surveillance plays a key\u0000role in the detection and identification of importation of\u0000circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses into polio-free\u0000areas. In 2015, 2 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis caused\u0000by circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 1\u0000(cVDPV1), from south-western Ukraine, bordering\u0000Romania, were confirmed. Romania was considered a\u0000country at risk and the environmental enterovirus\u0000surveillance was enhanced. In this context we tried to\u0000find a diagnosis algorithm for the rapid detection of\u0000poliovirus (PV) in the sewage water, using a\u0000combination between a rapid molecular method for\u0000human enterovirus (HEV) detection using the\u0000GeneXpert system and the virus isolation on cell culture\u0000lines. By using this algorithm, we would be able to give\u0000a rapid response in an emergency situation, such as the\u0000risk of polio importation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"52-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression signature of some immunity genes triggered in Apis mellifera carpatica model by Pseudomonas entomophila experimental infection.","authors":"Alina Neagu,&nbsp;Attila Cristian Raþiu,&nbsp;Mihaela Raluca Mihalache (Radu),&nbsp;Veronica Lazãr,&nbsp;Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc,&nbsp;Alexandru Al Ecovoiu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein we report the expression profiles of\u0000certain immunity genes from Apis mellifera\u0000carpatica worker individuals experimentally\u0000infected with Pseudomonas entomophila L48\u0000strain. Changes of the relative expression of\u0000abaecin, Relish, dorsal, Toll-1, domeless, and\u0000Duox genes were monitored by qRT-PCR. Our\u0000results were compared with similar ones from\u0000Drosophila melanogaster model and suggest that\u0000these genes are involved in the anti-infective\u0000defense mechanisms. Our study opens\u0000investigation avenues for modern prophylactic\u0000and therapeutic approaches of infections affecting\u0000the honeybees, but also for identifying new\u0000orthologous genes involved in the human innate\u0000immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of MRSA strains by phenotypic and OCR-based methods.","authors":"Cãtãlina Luncã,&nbsp;Luminiþa Smaranda Iancu,&nbsp;Teodora Vremerã,&nbsp;Cristina Gabriela Tuchiluş,&nbsp;Olivia Dorneanu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the emergence and spread of new\u0000methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus\u0000(MRSA) strains, control of dissemination, both in\u0000hospitals and in the community, requires the molecular\u0000characterization of the circulating strains\u0000in order to establish their dynamics and identify\u0000the sources of infection. During this study we analyzed\u0000the MRSA isolates by means of PCR-based\u0000methods in order to improve epidemiological\u0000surveillance and early application of prevention\u0000measures. The presence of mecA, nuc, lukF-PV\u0000and lukS-PV genes, as well as SCCmec types was\u0000assessed in relation to clinical characteristics and\u0000multidrug resistance (MDR) for 86 MRSA isolates\u0000and showed that 51% of MDR strains were carriers\u0000of mobile genetic elements SCCmec IV and the\u0000majority of non-MDR SCCmec type IV strains\u0000were PVL-positive (81.8%). Comparison of diagnostic\u0000methods showed that PBP2 detection represents\u0000an extremely useful alternative to PCR for\u0000the rapid screening of MRSA isolates, in laboratories\u0000that lack facilities necessary for molecular\u0000diagnosis, such as PFGE (Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis),\u0000spa-typing and/or MLST (Multilocus\u0000Sequence Typing).</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"75 1-2","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35977696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE TO CIPROFLOXACIN AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI STRAINS ORIGINATING FROM URINE CULTURES PERFORMED FOR ROMANIAN ADULTS.","authors":"Violeta Corina Cristea,&nbsp;Mihaela Oprea,&nbsp;Gabriela Neacşu,&nbsp;Ramona Gîlcă,&nbsp;Mircea Ioan Popa,&nbsp;Codruţa-Romaniţa Usein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infections (UTI) with Escherichia coli are among the most common infections presenting in general practice. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are relied on for their empirical therapy but recent reports indicate a concerning increase in the percentage of FQ-resistant E. coli isolates in many countries, including Romania. Sixty E. coli strains with ciprofloxacin resistance and cephalosporin susceptibility isolated from urine specimens of non-hospitalized patients during a five-month period (October 2014 - February 2015) were further analyzed to determine the molecular basis of FQ resistance (i.e. mutations in chromosomal gyrA, gyrB, parC genes and presence of plasmid-borne qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6'-Ib-cr genes), the phylogenetic background (i.e. phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F or clade I), O25b/ST131 status, and genetic relatedness inferred from the XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles as a measure of isolate-specific genetic composition. The PCR-based phylotyping showed that most strains were assigned to non-B2 phylogenetic groups (i.e. group A/21 strains, group B1/14 strains, group B2/10 strains, group C/8 strains, group D/3 strains, group F/4 strains). Already described chromosomal mutations associated to FQ resistance were found, the strains being double gyrA mutants (i.e. Ser83Leu, Asp87Asn) with one or two parC mutations (e.g. Ala56Thr, Ser80Ile, Glu84Gly). Seven percent of the strains harboured plasmid-borne genes qnrS1 (2 strains) and aac(6'-Ib-cr (2 strains). Based on the PCR results, 15% of the strains were members of the O25b/ST131 clone and possessed the gyrA/parC allele combination which is considered as hallmark of H30 subclone. PFGE genotyping revealed a genetically diverse population of FQ-resistant E. coli. ST131 strains displayed more homogeneous PFGE profiles than non-ST131. The ST131 cluster extended to 77.74% similarity versus 60% overall. These findings underscore the need for ongoing surveillance to capture the complexity of the emerging population of FQ-resistant strains disseminated across our community.</p>","PeriodicalId":77372,"journal":{"name":"Roumanian archives of microbiology and immunology","volume":"74 3-4","pages":"73-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34597265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}