Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement最新文献_第3页

A representative psychiatrist: the career, contributions and legacies of Sir Aubrey Lewis. 代表性精神病学家:奥布里·刘易斯爵士的职业生涯、贡献和遗产。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0264180100000035

M Shepherd

引用次数: 20

Minor psychiatric morbidity and general practice consultation: the West London Survey. 轻微精神病发病率和全科医生咨询:西伦敦调查。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0264180100003027

P. Williams, A. Tarnopolsky, D. Hand, M. Shepherd

引用次数: 70

Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: a genetic model. 利手、语言优势和失语症:一个遗传模型。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1985-01-01

I C McManus

引用次数: 0

Sex differences in minor psychiatric morbidity. 轻微精神病发病率的性别差异。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0264180100001788

R Jenkins

{"title":"Sex differences in minor psychiatric morbidity.","authors":"R Jenkins","doi":"10.1017/s0264180100001788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0264180100001788","url":null,"abstract":"This monograph is concerned with some epidemiological observations of minor psychiatric morbidity. Differences in rates of specific disorders have historically formed a crucial part of epidemiological enquiry. Sex differences in the prevalence of minor affective disorders have been demonstrated in studies of populations in treatment and in community populations, and have been variously ascribed to constitutional or environmental factors. A review of the literature exposes the methodological problems of measurement and study design, and the conflicting nature of the findings. Efforts have recently concentrated on establishing the social factors important in the aetiology of minor affective disorder without adequate exclusion of constitutional factors. The importance of life events, chronic social stress and inadequate social supports in the aetiology of minor affective disorder has been demonstrated, but the variance explained by such factors is small, reinforcing the view that constitutional factors of some kind are likely to be of importance. The evidence for a genetic contribution to minor affective disorder is tenuous, but there is circumstantial evidence that changes in gonadal hormones are linked to mood changes in women. Until further evidence is available this must remain a powerful possibility in the genesis of sex differences in minor affective disorder. This investigation used epidemiological methods to assess whether there is a sex difference in the constitutional vulnerability of the male and female phenotype to minor psychiatric morbidity. In order to minimize the effects of environment and of sex roles and stereotypes as far as possible, a sample of relatively homogeneous employed men and women (drawn from a population of executive officers in the Home Office) was studied. The data obtained from this population of men and women of similar age, education, occupation and social environment were compatible with the null hypothesis that there is no sex difference in the prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity, or its outcome in such a homogeneous group. However, women did report significantly more somatic symptoms than men. The second hypothesis, that there is a substantial sex difference in the self-perception of illness, illness behaviour and sickness absence in individuals with minor psychiatric morbidity among a homogeneous group of men and women of similar age, education and occupation, and subject to similar levels of social stress and support, received only partial support from the findings of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":77338,"journal":{"name":"Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement","volume":"7 ","pages":"1-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0264180100001788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14991301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 128

Handedness, language dominance and aphasia: a genetic model. 利手、语言优势和失语症:一个遗传模型。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1985-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0264180100001879

I. McManus

引用次数: 334

The effectiveness of attached social workers in the management of depressed female patients in general practice. 附属社工在全科女性抑郁症患者管理中的有效性。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0264180100001703

R H Corney

{"title":"The effectiveness of attached social workers in the management of depressed female patients in general practice.","authors":"R H Corney","doi":"10.1017/s0264180100001703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0264180100001703","url":null,"abstract":"There is a pressing need to evaluate the different forms of treatment for depressive illness encountered in general practice. This study consists of a controlled, randomized, clinical trial designed to investigate the effectiveness of social work intervention with depressed women. Eighty women aged between 18 and 45 were included and assessed initially by means of a psychiatric and social interview. Those ascertained to be suffering from 'acute' or 'acute on chronic' depression were randomly allocated to an experimental group who were referred to a social worker attached to a general practice or to a control group for routine treatment by their doctor. They were re-assessed 6 months later. Over 60% of both groups were clinically improved at follow-up, with no statistically significant differences between the two groups in clinical, social or medical outcome. Further analyses suggested, however, that those women initially assessed as suffering from 'acute on chronic' depression with major marital difficulties were found to benefit from social work treatment. These patients could be distinguished from the others by their high degree of motivation, by the initial severity of their problems and by the amount of practical help provided by the social workers.","PeriodicalId":77338,"journal":{"name":"Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement","volume":"6 ","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0264180100001703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17447306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

Hypertension: psychological aspects and diagnostic impact in a clinical trial. 高血压:临床试验中的心理方面和诊断影响。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s026418010000196x

A Mann

{"title":"Hypertension: psychological aspects and diagnostic impact in a clinical trial.","authors":"A Mann","doi":"10.1017/s026418010000196x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s026418010000196x","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread acceptance of evidence that even mildly raised blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity has led to the setting up of screening programmes and treatment trials for hypertension in several countries. In order to allay anxieties about adverse psychological consequences of their own treatment trial of mild to moderate hypertension in a population of 35-64 year old adults of both sexes, the Medical Research Council supported a special psychiatric study in the pilot phase of the trial. This case-controlled study demonstrated that there was no increase in psychiatric morbidity after diagnosis (labelling) of hypertension nor during one year on the trial. There was, in fact, a fall in such morbidity for trial entrants, related to a greater rate of improvement for those subjects who displayed morbidity and not to any alteration in the incidence of new morbidity. The improvement in psychological state was not associated with any of the antihypertensive drug regimes, nor was it an artefact of selection; rather it appeared to be a beneficial effect of regular clinic attendance. The results of this study are presented and discussed in the context of current research into the psychological aspects of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":77338,"journal":{"name":"Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement","volume":"5 ","pages":"1-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s026418010000196x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17428651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

The alcoholic brain: CT scan and psychological findings. 酒精脑:CT扫描和心理学发现。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0264180100000345

M A Ron

{"title":"The alcoholic brain: CT scan and psychological findings.","authors":"M A Ron","doi":"10.1017/s0264180100000345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0264180100000345","url":null,"abstract":"One hundred male alcoholics without overt clinical signs of brain damage were interviewed, psychologically tested and scanned by means of a CT 1010 EMI scanner. Fifty age-matched controls, lifelong abstainers or light drinkers, were used for comparison. Fifty-six alcoholics from the initial sample were followed up after periods varying from 30 to 152 weeks, and radiological changes during the follow-up were assessed. The main results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) All CT scan indices were significantly different in alcoholics and controls. Alcoholics had larger ventricles, wider cerebral sulci and wider Sylvian and interhemispheric fissures. Cerebellar sulci were visible only in alcoholics. These differences were greater for older alcoholics and controls, but were also present in the younger subjects. (2) In the alcoholic group the size of the ventricular system, and the width of the sulci, Sylvian and interhemispheric fissures were positively and significantly correlated with age. The duration of the drinking history and the age of onset were not significantly correlated with CT scan indices. (3) In those alcoholics whose age was greater than the mean for the whole group, the size of the ventricular system and width of the Sylvian fissure were significantly and negatively correlated with the duration of abstinence prior to scanning. (4) Other features such as decreased tolerance, a positive family history of alcoholism and 'social decline' were not significantly related to the severity of CT scan abnormalities. (5) When the effects of age and premorbid intelligence were controlled, alcoholics showed significant cognitive impairment when compared with controls. The differences in the scores of psychological tests and CT scan indices were greater between alcoholics and controls of high IQ than between those of low IQ. This discrepancy is likely to be due to a selection bias. (6) No significant correlations were found between the degree of cognitive impairment and clinical features. The size of the ventricular system was positively and significantly correlated with the discrepancy between immediate and delayed recall of verbal material. There were no other significant correlations between cognitive impairment and CT scan indices. (7) Those subjects who had remained abstinent during the follow-up period, when considered as a group, showed a significant reduction in the size of the ventricular system. When cortical indices and V/B ratio were combined, patients whose scans had improved at follow-up differed from the rest with regard to the length of abstinence prior to re-scanning.","PeriodicalId":77338,"journal":{"name":"Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement","volume":"3 ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0264180100000345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17630956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 140

Psychiatric and social aspects of premenstrual complaint. 经前抱怨的精神病学和社会方面。

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/s0264180100001934

A W Clare

{"title":"Psychiatric and social aspects of premenstrual complaint.","authors":"A W Clare","doi":"10.1017/s0264180100001934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0264180100001934","url":null,"abstract":"A number of fundamental methodological problems exist in the area of premenstrual symptomatology and psychiatric ill-health. In the study described these have all been taken into account. The study has been so designed as to make expressly clear the definition of premenstrual complaint being employed and material gathered by means of a retrospective questionnaire is checked by means of an interview administered to a sub-sample and the use of a menstrual diary (Sampson & Jenner, 1977; Dalton, 1978). The use of an interview also permits a careful check to be made of the accuracy displayed by women asked to estimate their particular position in the menstrual cycle at the time of completion of the questionnaire. The use of the premenstrual interview, together with a standardized, semi-structured psychiatric interview specifically designed for the population under study, and a standardized, semi-structured social maladjustment schedule, permits a detailed assessment of the inter-relationship between premenstrual, psychiatric and social variables. Finally, the use of a general practice sample of women attending their general practitioners for many and varied reasons, together with a sample of women drawn from attenders at a specialized premenstrual tension treatment clinic, permits a comparison to be made between the symptom profiles of women in a general practice population who have not overtly identified themselves to the treatment agencies as premenstrual sufferers with a group of women who have so identified themselves. In this way, a more accurate estimate of the numbers of women in general practice samples who manifest a degree of premenstrual complaint equivalent to that shown by special treatment clinic attenders can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":77338,"journal":{"name":"Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement","volume":"4 ","pages":"1-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0264180100001934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17634357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 105

2. Practices of day and residential units in relation to the social behaviour of attenders 2. 日间及住宅单位与参加者的社会行为有关的做法

Psychological medicine. Monograph supplement Pub Date : 1982-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0264180100001612

T. Wykes, E. Sturt, C. Creer

引用次数: 36