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Perspectives on developmental neurobiology最新文献

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The chick/quail chimeric system: a model for early cerebellar development. 小鸡/鹌鹑嵌合系统:早期小脑发育的模型。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1997-01-01
M Hallonet, R M Alvarado-Mallart
{"title":"The chick/quail chimeric system: a model for early cerebellar development.","authors":"M Hallonet,&nbsp;R M Alvarado-Mallart","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chick/quail chimeric system is now extensively used to study the development of the central nervous system. Here we discuss data obtained by this powerful experimental approach by which to study several issues of the cerebellar ontogenesis. We first discuss experiments which have allowed redefinition of the localization of the cerebellar primordium in the early neural tube and which suggest that the cerebellum could originate from different morphogenetic units. Then, we discuss experiments testing the possible role of the homeobox containing gene En-2 in cerebellar specification and showing that the En-2 expressing cerebellar neuroepithelium can act as an organizer. Finally we discuss data obtained in chimeric embryos with partial cerebellar grafts used to reexamine the origin and settling of several types of cortical cerebellar cells, in particular granule cells, molecular layer interneurons and Purkinje cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"17-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20433279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of the olivocerebellar projection. 橄榄小脑突起的发展。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1997-01-01
C Sotelo, A Chédotal
{"title":"Development of the olivocerebellar projection.","authors":"C Sotelo,&nbsp;A Chédotal","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The establishment of orderly axonal projections is one of the essential steps in the formation of central networks. In this review, we discuss several of the current hypotheses on the mechanisms and molecules which govern this developmental process, using the olivocerebellar system as a model. During the formation of the olivocerebellar projection, there is a simultaneous and independent process of parcellation of the inferior olive and of the cerebellum. During embryogenesis, Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and inferior olivary neurons are subdivided into small subsets of biochemically distinct compartments. We propose that this parcellation is involved in matching groups of olivary neurons to their corresponding subsets of target Purkinje cells. In vitro, the rotation of the anteroposterior axis of the cerebellum is followed by an equivalent inversion of the olivocerebellar projection. Olivary axons still project to the same Purkinje cells, suggesting that the formation of the olivocerebellar projection is regulated by positional information shared between pre- and postsynaptic neurons. We suggest that, in the chick embryo, the cell adhesion molecule BEN/SC1/DM-GRASP could be one of the target recognition molecules controlling the development of the olivocerebellar projection. These results also emphasize that coarse grained projection maps can form through chemoaffinity mechanisms, independent of the activity of the interacting neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20434553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diverse roles for the Notch receptor in the development of D. melanogaster. Notch受体在黑腹龙发育中的多种作用。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1997-01-01
M W Young, C S Wesley
{"title":"Diverse roles for the Notch receptor in the development of D. melanogaster.","authors":"M W Young,&nbsp;C S Wesley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Notch proteins appear to be involved in cell fate commitments with deep evolutionary roots. Homologues have been shown to play key roles in the development of nematodes, insects, amphibia, and mammals. Activity of the Notch receptor has been observed in the patterning of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, indicating an origin prior to the functional differentiation of these germ layers. To understand how a single receptor can participate so widely in development, we have been examining the role of specific extracellular segments of Notch. Early studies of mutations affecting widely separated EGF-like elements of Notch first raised the possibility for interaction with multiple ligands. Biochemical approaches, and exhaustive structure function studies in transgenic Drosophila are beginning to reveal how this receptor is activated, and point to a range of physical interactions with other proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"4 4","pages":"345-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20118069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Role of suppressor of hairless in the delta-activated Notch signaling pathway. 无毛抑制因子在delta激活的Notch信号通路中的作用。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1997-01-01
M Lecourtois, F Schweisguth
{"title":"Role of suppressor of hairless in the delta-activated Notch signaling pathway.","authors":"M Lecourtois,&nbsp;F Schweisguth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Notch protein (N) acts as a transmembrane receptor for intercellular signals controlling cell fate choices in vertebrates and invertebrates. Genetical and molecular evidence indicates that, during Drosophila neurogenesis, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)], transduces the signal of N activation by its ligand Delta (D1). Su(H) plays a direct role in the immediate response of the genome to N signaling by up-regulating the transcription of the Enhancer of split Complex [E(spl)-C] genes. These findings suggest that the N transduction pathway can be described as a simple, linear cascade of molecular activation. At the molecular level, the mechanism of Su(H) \"activation\" is yet unknown. Two non-exclusive models have been proposed. In the first one, Su(H) binds to inactive N at the membrane. The binding of D1 to N in the extracellular space somehow interferes with the N-mediated cytoplasmic retention of Su(H), resulting in the nuclear translocation and \"activation\" of Su(H). In the second model, DNA-bound Su(H) is proposed to be \"activated\" in the nucleus by the direct binding of a processed form of N, acting as a transcriptional coactivator. This nuclear N protein would be generated by the ligand-induced proteolytic cleavage of the N transmembrane receptor.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"4 4","pages":"305-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20118222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shared cell adhesion molecule (CAM) homology domains point to CAMs signalling via FGF receptors. 共享细胞粘附分子(CAM)同源结构域指向CAM通过FGF受体信号传导。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1996-01-01
P Doherty, P Smith, F S Walsh
{"title":"Shared cell adhesion molecule (CAM) homology domains point to CAMs signalling via FGF receptors.","authors":"P Doherty,&nbsp;P Smith,&nbsp;F S Walsh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) promote neurite outgrowth following transfection and expression in a variety of monolayer cells. We have shown that N-cadherin, L1 and some isoforms of NCAM can stimulate neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells and primary neurons following transfection and expression at physiologically relevant levels in NIH-3T3 cells. A number of observations suggest that these CAMs stimulate neurite outgrowth by activating a convergent second messenger pathway in neurons rather than by modulating adhesion per se, and that an early or initial step in the pathway involves activation of a tyrosine kinase. The observation that the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) contains an evolutionarily conserved sequence with homology to the above CAMs (the CAM homology domain-CHD) points to the possibility that CAMs might interact with, and signal via, FGFR tyrosine kinases. This hypothesis has been substantiated by a number of independent experimental tests. We present a speculative model in which the evolutionary conservation of a pair of complementary binding motifs can account for a direct binding interaction between FGFR and the above three CAMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"4 2-3","pages":"157-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20115801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Signal transduction pathways activated by ciliary neurotrophic factor and related cytokines. 纤毛神经营养因子及相关细胞因子激活的信号转导通路。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1996-01-01
D A Frank, M E Greenberg
{"title":"Signal transduction pathways activated by ciliary neurotrophic factor and related cytokines.","authors":"D A Frank,&nbsp;M E Greenberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropoietic cytokines such as ciliary neurotrophic factor, leukemia inhibitory factor, and interleukin-6 are known to be responsible for a wide variety of effects on cells of the immune and nervous systems. The mechanisms by which such diverse effects are regulated and coordinated within cells is of central importance to the understanding of how these molecules function during development. This review discusses the receptor complexes through which neuropoietic cytokines signal and the mechanisms by which activation of specific enzymes such as the Jak family of kinases are transduced into changes of gene expression through molecules such as the Stat proteins. This review also discusses how this JAK-Stat signaling pathway is thought to interact with other known cascades, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20116034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Agrin: an extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cell interactions and synaptogenesis. 胞外基质硫酸肝素蛋白多糖，参与细胞相互作用和突触发生。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1996-01-01
G J Cole, W Halfter
{"title":"Agrin: an extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cell interactions and synaptogenesis.","authors":"G J Cole,&nbsp;W Halfter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have documented important roles for heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the control of nervous system development. Agrin is an extracellular matrix protein identified and named based on its involvement in the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) during synaptogenesis at the neuromuscular junction. Recent studies have demonstrated that agrin is a large extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycan, with a molecular mass in excess of 500 kDa and a protein core of 220 kDa. Emerging evidence indicates that agrin's function is not limited to its role in AChR aggregation during synaptogenesis, as the majority of agrin expression occurs in the developing central nervous system, especially in developing axonal tracts. This review examines recent studies suggesting a role for agrin in the regulation of cell-cell interactions, most notably by its ability to interact with the neural cell adhesion molecule. In addition, other potential roles for the heparan sulfate chains of agrin during nervous system development are explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"3 4","pages":"359-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20065350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SV2proteoglycan: a potential synaptic vesicle transporter and nerve terminal extracellular matrix receptor. sv2蛋白多糖:一种潜在的突触囊泡转运蛋白和神经末梢细胞外基质受体。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1996-01-01
S S Carlson
{"title":"SV2proteoglycan: a potential synaptic vesicle transporter and nerve terminal extracellular matrix receptor.","authors":"S S Carlson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SV2Proteoglycan (SV2pg) is a specific component of small clear synaptic vesicles. It is a keratan sulfate proteoglycan with oligosaccharide side chains N-linked to a core protein of 80 kDa. Two glycosylated forms, H and L, are present in synaptic vesicles. The amino acid sequence suggests that SV2pg contains 12 transmembrane domains and is homologous to bacterial and eukaryotic sugar transporters. Although its structure suggests that SV2pg is a vesicular transporter, what it transports is unknown. SV2pg is probably not a neurotransmitter transporter, since that function resides in an unrelated family of synaptic vesicle proteins. In addition to its vesicular function, SV2pg may have a secondary function as an extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor on the nerve terminal surface. At the electric organ synapse, which is closely related to the neuromuscular junction. SV2pg is bound to laminin, a component of the synaptic ECM. SV2pg is only associated with laminin on the nerve terminal surface, not in the synaptic vesicle. Studies on synaptogenesis during motor nerve regeneration have suggested that nerve terminal ECM receptors play an important role in synaptic recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"3 4","pages":"373-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20065351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of photoreceptor mosaics in the primate retina. 灵长类动物视网膜中感光体嵌合体的发育。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1996-01-01
K C Wikler, P Rakic
{"title":"Development of photoreceptor mosaics in the primate retina.","authors":"K C Wikler,&nbsp;P Rakic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mosaic of rods and cones in the primate retina is the neuronal array where the visual world is first mapped onto the central nervous system. Rods, which mediate scotopic vision, and cones, which mediate photopic and color vision, are found in all vertebrate species. However, regional differences in the topographic arrangement and ratio of rods to cones vary dramatically among species, including different primates. Furthermore, the proportion and distribution of the wavelength-sensitive cone subtypes vary considerably between primates that occupy different visual habitats. What genetic or environmentally regulated mechanisms specify the position, phenotype, and ratios of photoreceptor subtypes? Available data suggest that the transient appearance of early-differentiating cones may serve to delineate basic species-specific retinal coordinates and determine the opsin phenotype of local assemblies of cones in the fetal photoreceptor mosaic. This article will summarize presently available data and our ideas of how the photoreceptor mosaic is organized in the adult primate retina, the features of these mosaics, which vary between primate species, and the developmental mechanisms, which may account for the emergence of photoreceptor position and specification of their phenotypes in the primate retina.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"3 3","pages":"161-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19895121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Functional compartmentalization of the neuronal growth cone: determining calcium's place in signaling cascades. 神经元生长锥的功能区隔化:决定钙在信号级联中的位置。
Perspectives on developmental neurobiology Pub Date : 1996-01-01
V Rehder, C V Williams, S B Kater
{"title":"Functional compartmentalization of the neuronal growth cone: determining calcium's place in signaling cascades.","authors":"V Rehder,&nbsp;C V Williams,&nbsp;S B Kater","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth cone is generally regarded as the basic unit of neuronal organization concerned with development of connections within the nervous system. The discussion below illustrates that the growth cone itself can be subdivided into distinct units of organization. It is this functional compartmentalization which enables the growth cone to read the molecular terrain it traverses and to convert this information into precise motor events. Our discussion will focus on the flow of information from the environment to the growth cone. In particular, we will follow signaling events from their remote processing within filopodia to the biological equivalent of a central processing unit in the core of the growth cone.</p>","PeriodicalId":77321,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on developmental neurobiology","volume":"4 2-3","pages":"215-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20115138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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