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Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging. 相衬电影磁共振成像。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-10-01
N J Pelc, R J Herfkens, A Shimakawa, D R Enzmann
{"title":"Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"N J Pelc,&nbsp;R J Herfkens,&nbsp;A Shimakawa,&nbsp;D R Enzmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines the flow-dependent contrast of phase contrast MRI with the ability of cardiac cine imaging to produce images throughout the cardiac cycle. Two pulse sequence types are used for sensitivity to flow in one direction, whereas four are needed for sensitivity in all directions. Several alternatives for synchronization of the data to the cardiac cycle exist. Retrospectively interpolated methods can image the entire cardiac cycle efficiently. Rapid interleaving of the various sequence types ensures immunity to motion misregistration. The technique produces images in which contrast is related to flow velocity as well as magnitude images such as those of conventional cine MRI. The data can be interpreted qualitatively to demonstrate the presence, magnitude, and direction of flow, and quantitatively to provide estimates of flow velocity, volume flow rate, and displaced volumes. Phase contrast cine MRI is helpful in the diagnosis of aortic dissections, in the study of flow distributions in large vessels such as pulmonary arteries, as well as in smaller vessels such as carotid and basilar arteries, and in the evaluation of complex anatomical variants. Future developments are expected to reduce imaging time and expand the quantitative applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 4","pages":"229-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12953250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of myocardial function. 磁共振成像评估心肌功能。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-10-01
N Reichek
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of myocardial function.","authors":"N Reichek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is likely that, as the field progresses, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will become the definitive reference imaging method for evaluation of myocardial function. The first phase of development in the field has emphasized replication and improvement of commonly used methods for analysis of global ventricular pump function, global ventricular mechanics, and regional myocardial performance. Thus, validated MRI methods exist for assessment of ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and ejection fraction. Similarly, standard methods for evaluation of myocardial mean wall stress can be applied to evaluation of afterload as a determinant of ventricular performance. Regional function of myocardium can be evaluated using either regional endocardial motion or regional wall thickening. In addition, recent development of novel methods for assessment of local myocardial motion by tracking motion at fixed points in the tissue over the cardiac cycle has attracted interest from the cardiovascular research community. These methods, such as radial stripe myocardial tagging and spatial modulation of magnetization, have already provided unique and incisive new information on segmental myocardial performance in normal and diseased hearts in experimental models and in man. The most important limitation of cardiac MRI for assessment of cardiac function continues to be long image acquisition times. The advent of real time methods, with further development, should address this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 4","pages":"255-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12953251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of congenital heart disease. 磁共振成像对先天性心脏病的评价。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-07-01
K M Link, N M Lesko
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of congenital heart disease.","authors":"K M Link,&nbsp;N M Lesko","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool for studying patients with congenital heart disease. Its phenomenal contrast resolution, improved spatial resolution, and large field-of-view allow for graphic depiction of a wide array of congenital defects. Although this method was originally handicapped by the time it took to perform an exam and by poor image quality, advances in hardware and software coupled with attention to technique have led to a reliable diagnostic imaging modality. Although the technology is still evolving, it is not unreasonable to hope that the noninvasive imaging modalities of magnetic resonance and echocardiography will ultimately replace angiography in the evaluation of congenital heart disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 3","pages":"173-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12910916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial infarction. 磁共振成像在心肌梗死诊断和评价中的应用。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-07-01
A de Roos, E E van der Wall, A V Bruschke, A E van Voorthuisen
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of myocardial infarction.","authors":"A de Roos,&nbsp;E E van der Wall,&nbsp;A V Bruschke,&nbsp;A E van Voorthuisen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with the aid of MR contrast agents may be helpful to assess myocardial infarct size, the area at risk, and myocardial viability. MR contrast agents may also prove useful for evaluating myocardial perfusion with ultrafast MR imaging techniques. Dynamic cine MR imaging is an accurate method to assess regional myocardial dysfunction in ischemic heart disease. In addition, myocardial contraction can be determined by MR imaging under pharmacological stress or by direct tracking of wall motion with MR myocardial tagging. Combining the information from these MR imaging techniques provides a comprehensive evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 3","pages":"191-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12910918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance approaches to the evaluation of pulmonary vascular anatomy and physiology. 磁共振方法评价肺血管解剖和生理。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-07-01
H Hatabu, W B Gefter, J Konishi, H Y Kressel
{"title":"Magnetic resonance approaches to the evaluation of pulmonary vascular anatomy and physiology.","authors":"H Hatabu,&nbsp;W B Gefter,&nbsp;J Konishi,&nbsp;H Y Kressel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MR imaging offers the potential for combined anatomic and flow-related information about the pulmonary circulation. Although conventional spin-echo sequences have provided an accurate and noninvasive means of evaluating the anatomy of the central pulmonary arteries and veins, newer MR techniques--including cine MR, velocity-encoded phase-contrast scans, spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM), fast scan techniques with breath-holding, and echo planar imaging in combination with computer-based post-processing--are providing physiological information superimposed on the anatomic maps. This paper reviews these new MR approaches to the integrated anatomic and physiologic imaging of the pulmonary vasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 3","pages":"208-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12910920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Locomotor system assessment by muscle magnetic resonance imaging. 运动系统的肌肉磁共振成像评估。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-04-01
J L Fleckenstein, P T Weatherall, L A Bertocci, M Ezaki, R G Haller, R Greenlee, W W Bryan, R M Peshock
{"title":"Locomotor system assessment by muscle magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"J L Fleckenstein,&nbsp;P T Weatherall,&nbsp;L A Bertocci,&nbsp;M Ezaki,&nbsp;R G Haller,&nbsp;R Greenlee,&nbsp;W W Bryan,&nbsp;R M Peshock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical evaluation of the locomotor system has long been hampered by difficulty in assessing the morphologic and functional integrity of skeletal muscles. Diagnostic imaging represents a major advance in the diagnosis and management of patients with locomotor dysfunction through the possibility of probing beyond overlying soft tissues to identify muscle lesions, determine their extent, characterize their composition, direct invasive procedures, and monitor therapies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be the most promising of available imaging methods, because of its great sensitivity to changes in muscle water distribution and fat content. Also, it can distinguish between individual deep and superficial muscles. Serial evaluations of many muscles are practical because of the safety of MRI. While the cost effectiveness in the workup of locomotor dysfunction remains to be determined, the scientific and practical clinical information now available merits further investigation by clinicians and radiologists alike. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential role of skeletal muscle MRI in evaluating the locomotor system.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 2","pages":"79-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13071230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First principles of magnetic resonance angiography. 磁共振血管造影的基本原理。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-04-01
J Listerud
{"title":"First principles of magnetic resonance angiography.","authors":"J Listerud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For several years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise as a noninvasive tool for the study of the vascular system. One interesting format, so-called MR angiography, produces results resembling conventional x-ray angiographic images. This article lays a solid, rigorous foundation for an intuitive understanding of these effects without the use of advanced mathematical concepts. The current state of the art in data acquisition and postprocessing is illustrated. Finally, relevant hemodynamic concepts are introduced, in order to characterize the physiology of complex blood flow at bifurcations. MR angiography is particularly sensitive to artifacts associated with complex flow. The article ends with a call to investigate these phenomena, because they will directly affect the success of MR angiography as a technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 2","pages":"136-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13071229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging of the joints: techniques and clinical applications. 关节的运动磁共振成像:技术和临床应用。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-04-01
F G Shellock, J H Mink, A Deutsch, B D Pressman
{"title":"Kinematic magnetic resonance imaging of the joints: techniques and clinical applications.","authors":"F G Shellock,&nbsp;J H Mink,&nbsp;A Deutsch,&nbsp;B D Pressman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have been developed to provide diagnostic information related to the functional aspects of the joints. The kinematic MRI evaluation of the joint is used to assess the various interactions of the soft tissues and bony anatomic structures that comprise the joint, and to evaluate the relative alignment of these structures through a specific range of motion. The use of kinematic MRI techniques for examination of the joints provides the radiologist and the clinician with augmented data of anatomic and movement-related information.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 2","pages":"104-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13071228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. 分子扩散核磁共振成像。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-01-01
D Le Bihan
{"title":"Molecular diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"D Le Bihan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review summarizes the work performed during the last 40 years in the field of diffusion measurement by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with emphasis on biomedical diffusion imaging. Measuring molecular displacements in biological tissues in vivo has an enormous potential, but remains technically challenging. After a review of the nature of the diffusion process, the basic principles of diffusion measurements with NMR are introduced, followed by a presentation of various diffusion imaging methods. The paper covers many previously resolved theoretical and technical issues and new problems that are more specific to clinical diffusion imaging, such as the calculation of diffusion effects in the presence of multiple magnetic field gradient pulses, the elimination of motion artifacts, and the meaning of anisotropic or restricted diffusion in relation to tissue microdynamics and microstructure. The concept of diffusion imaging is then extended to blood microcirculation imaging. Finally, the current and potential clinical applications of these techniques are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13199903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vitro modeling of the magnetic resonance appearance of cerebral hemorrhage. 脑出血磁共振形态的体外模拟。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1991-01-01
P A Janick, D B Hackney, R I Grossman, T Asakura
{"title":"In vitro modeling of the magnetic resonance appearance of cerebral hemorrhage.","authors":"P A Janick,&nbsp;D B Hackney,&nbsp;R I Grossman,&nbsp;T Asakura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vitro studies provide a framework for understanding the biophysical mechanisms in the evolution of the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of cerebral hematomas. Varying concentrations of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in saline or in concentrated bovine serum albumin solutions were imaged at 1.5 T, allowing assessment of the relative relaxation effects of heme oxidation state, oxygenation, and protein concentration. The findings demonstrate the importance of susceptibility effects arising from local field heterogeneity in producing T2 shortening upon varying hemoglobin concentration for intracellular deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin. Correlation between the clinically observed MR appearance of acute and subacute hematomas with these in vitro models is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"7 1","pages":"57-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13199905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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