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Magnetic resonance quarterly最新文献

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow. 肘部磁共振成像。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-09-01
R J Herzog
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow.","authors":"R J Herzog","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the current popularity of racket and throwing sports, the number of individuals seeking medical care for elbow pain and dysfunction has increased rapidly. Before the development and implementation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiologic imaging examinations provided the treating physician limited information to determine the precise etiology of elbow disorders, because they usually involve soft-tissue structures. With MRI, it is now possible to accurately assess the integrity of the ligaments, tendons, and muscles surrounding the elbow, and to detect pathologic changes in these tissues secondary to acute macrotrauma or chronic microtrauma, e.g., overuse injuries. By defining the nature and extent of these abnormalities, the choice of the appropriate therapeutic regimen is facilitated. With MRI, it is also now possible to noninvasively evaluate the natural history of these soft-tissue disorders and to determine the effects of different therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 3","pages":"188-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19384620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance coronary angiography. 磁共振冠状动脉造影。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-09-01
W J Manning, R R Edelman
{"title":"Magnetic resonance coronary angiography.","authors":"W J Manning,&nbsp;R R Edelman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the availability of numerous noninvasive tests to identify those with inducible myocardial ischemia, 20% of conventional contrast angiograms demonstrate no significant coronary artery stenoses. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is ideally suited for evaluation of the heart, and has already been shown to be highly accurate for the depiction and assessment of cardiac chamber size, ventricular function, and valvular insufficiency. Using conventional spin-echo and gradient-echo techniques, investigators have previously been able to characterize coronary artery bypass grafts as \"patent\" or \"occluded,\" but visualization of large segments of the native coronary vessels was unsuccessful due to artifacts related to cardiac and respiratory motion. Recently, several new \"fast imaging\" breath-hold techniques, including k-space segmentation and spiral imaging, have shown great promise for both visualizing the native coronary arteries, assessing vessel patency, and quantifying coronary blood flow. Echo planar MR coronary angiography also appears to be feasible. Further software and hardware improvements are needed, but MR may soon prove to be the premier cardiac imaging technique by providing a comprehensive cardiac evaluation for those with suspected coronary artery disease, including information previously unobtainable by any other noninvasive test.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 3","pages":"131-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19384618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hepatic imaging: techniques and unique applications of magnetic resonance imaging. 肝脏成像:磁共振成像技术及其独特应用。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-06-01
D G Mitchell
{"title":"Hepatic imaging: techniques and unique applications of magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"D G Mitchell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The appropriate use of various MRI pulse sequences allows accurate detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. There are now a wide array of useful techniques for obtaining T1-weighted and T2-weighted images with or without suspended respiration. In the vast majority of cases, malignant liver lesions can be distinguished from hemangiomas or cysts, although contrast agents may be necessary. MRI can also definitively identify lipid and iron within hepatic parenchyma, increasing its usefulness for diagnosing and evaluating diffuse liver diseases. The expanded tissue contrast of MRI allows better differentiation of malignancies and \"pseudotumors\" due to diffuse liver disease. Appropriate two-dimensional time-of-flight techniques depict abdominal vessels clearly, allowing accurate detection or exclusion of hepatic vascular disorders. There is no other single method that can be used to examine the liver as comprehensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 2","pages":"84-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19359574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of extracranial head and neck tumors. 颅外头颈部肿瘤的磁共振成像评价。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-06-01
J A Castelijns, M W van den Brekel
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of extracranial head and neck tumors.","authors":"J A Castelijns,&nbsp;M W van den Brekel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction first of computed tomography (CT) and then in the 1980s of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has resulted in numerous applications of these imaging methods to head and neck oncology. MR imaging is a rapidly evolving field, which is replacing CT in the majority of lesions of the extracranial head and neck: tumors of the skull base, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, parapharyngeal space, and carcinomas of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. MR imaging is the method of choice for the detection and staging of skull base lesions because of its superior sensitivity in detecting small lesions and its superior accuracy in staging the lesion and narrowing the diagnostic possibilities. MRI shows the extent of tumor in the paranasal sinuses more precisely, and by multiplanar imaging it outlines intracranial extension. MR imaging has greater accuracy than CT in differentiating parapharyngeal lesions and can detail the extent of tumor tissue in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, and the larynx more accurately. It is more sensitive than CT in showing invasion by tumor tissue into the mandible or laryngeal cartilages.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 2","pages":"113-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19359572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fast spin-echo imaging of the brain and spine. 大脑和脊柱的快速旋转回波成像。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-06-01
S W Atlas, D B Hackney, J Listerud
{"title":"Fast spin-echo imaging of the brain and spine.","authors":"S W Atlas,&nbsp;D B Hackney,&nbsp;J Listerud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent advent and implementation of rapid spin-echo techniques has allowed increased imaging speed while maintaining spin-echo-like contrast. This review explains the basis of fast spin-echo imaging and attempts to elucidate the etiology of the differences between it and spin-echo imaging. Clinical applications and limitations of fast spin-echo imaging in the brain and spine will also be addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 2","pages":"61-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19359573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proton spectroscopy in vivo. 体内质子光谱。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-03-01
F A Howe, R J Maxwell, D E Saunders, M M Brown, J R Griffiths
{"title":"Proton spectroscopy in vivo.","authors":"F A Howe,&nbsp;R J Maxwell,&nbsp;D E Saunders,&nbsp;M M Brown,&nbsp;J R Griffiths","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has attracted much attention in recent years. Since the proton is the most sensitive stable nucleus for MRS, and since almost all metabolites contain hydrogen atoms, it is possible to perform a noninvasive chemical analysis on tissues deep within the body of a subject. Technical solutions to the elimination of water and lipid signals as well as resolution of the large number of potential metabolite peaks have been found. Most current work is on the brain, much of it in humans. This review begins with a consideration of these technical problems and also localization, editing, quantitation, and interpretation of spectra. Two diseases are considered in detail: cerebral ischemia (including stroke and neonatal ischemic/hypoxic injury) and cancer; a further section briefly reviews studies on other diseases. In the immediate future, 1H MRS is likely to benefit from a number of technical advances: higher field magnets, better control of gradients and eddy currents, more sophisticated radiofrequency (RF) pulses, and 1H-observe/13C-edited spectroscopy all offer potential improvements. Another major improvement will come from increased user-friendliness of clinical spectrometers and use of automated objective methods for spectroscopic data analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":"31-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19495041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Histology by magnetic resonance microscopy. 磁共振显微镜组织学。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1993-03-01
G A Johnson, H Benveniste, R D Black, L W Hedlund, R R Maronpot, B R Smith
{"title":"Histology by magnetic resonance microscopy.","authors":"G A Johnson,&nbsp;H Benveniste,&nbsp;R D Black,&nbsp;L W Hedlund,&nbsp;R R Maronpot,&nbsp;B R Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) has advanced from a technical challenge to a practical tool in a wide range of basic sciences. This article focuses on the use of MRM as a tool for histological studies. The technical challenges of limited signal to noise have been overcome by improved radio-frequency (rf) coil design and 3DFT encoding with large arrays. Resolution limits imposed by motion in in vivo studies have been overcome by improved physiologic monitoring and control and projection encoding. Integration of technologies now permits routine studies in vivo down to 50 microns. MRM has also been applied to in vitro studies of fixed tissues where absence of motion allows studies down to 10 microns. The nondestructive nature of the technique allows repeated studies of the same sample, retrospective studies through any arbitrary plane, registered studies using different contrast mechanisms, and examination of valuable specimens. The many and unique proton contrasts provided by MRM, i.e., T1, T2, and diffusion weighting, permit direct examination of the state of water in tissues, something not possible with other microscopic techniques. Finally, the inherent three-dimensional nature of MRM allows acquisition of perfectly registered isotropic 3D arrays that, when displayed with appropriate visualization tools, provide new perspectives to histologic examination. The technology of MRM continues to develop rapidly. New pulse sequences are reducing acquisition times. New computer architectures allow larger arrays. A new class of superconducting rf probe has increased the signal to noise ratio by 10 times. These developments promise routine use of MRM in histology studies with resolution to 1 micron in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19495040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First principles of fast spin echo. 快速自旋回波的基本原理。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1992-12-01
J Listerud, S Einstein, E Outwater, H Y Kressel
{"title":"First principles of fast spin echo.","authors":"J Listerud,&nbsp;S Einstein,&nbsp;E Outwater,&nbsp;H Y Kressel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fast spin echo (FSE), a variant of the rapid acquisition with refocused echoes pulse sequence, is now being widely considered as an alternative to conventional spin echo for proton density and T2-weighted imaging. Although the medical experience with this sequence is relatively limited, relevant aspects of the technique have been well understood in the context of spectroscopic applications for many years. This article attempts to portray the subject in an appropriate historical context. Such a viewpoint promotes a deeper understanding of the artifacts, determinants of contrast, and future evolution of FSE. Hopefully, this may not only be of benefit in the design of optimal clinical imaging protocols for current state of the art but may also be of use in fashioning the criteria by which new developments in this field may be judged.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"8 4","pages":"199-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12659379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Magnetic resonance evaluation of stroke. 脑卒中的磁共振评价。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1992-12-01
V P Mathews, P B Barker, R N Bryan
{"title":"Magnetic resonance evaluation of stroke.","authors":"V P Mathews,&nbsp;P B Barker,&nbsp;R N Bryan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke is not a specific disease but is, instead, a symptom complex reflecting destruction of brain tissue by cerebrovascular disease. Several different specific diseases are included in the \"stroke\" category, including intra- and extracerebral hemorrhage as well as ischemic infarction. These different types of stroke have major differences regarding etiology, management, and prognosis. The goal of stroke imaging is to diagnose the type of stroke at clinical presentation, allowing prompt and appropriate management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provide powerful noninvasive means to evaluate the pathologic and metabolic changes that occur in acute stroke. These techniques allow the early detection of stroke and greatly increase the ability to determine the etiology of the stroke. One or more of these methods will surely become a standard means of evaluating acute stroke. The information provided, combined with new stroke therapies, should result in improved patient outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"8 4","pages":"245-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12659380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pediatric brain, head and neck, and spine magnetic resonance angiography. 小儿脑、头颈、脊柱磁共振血管造影。
Magnetic resonance quarterly Pub Date : 1992-12-01
R A Zimmerman, L T Bilaniuk
{"title":"Pediatric brain, head and neck, and spine magnetic resonance angiography.","authors":"R A Zimmerman,&nbsp;L T Bilaniuk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77248,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic resonance quarterly","volume":"8 4","pages":"264-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12659381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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