Journal of hematotherapy最新文献

{"title":"The absolute number of circulating CD34+ cells as the best predictor of peripheral hematopoietic stem cell yield.","authors":"R Fontão-Wendel,&nbsp;A Lazar,&nbsp;S Melges,&nbsp;C Altobeli,&nbsp;S Wendel","doi":"10.1089/106161299320271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many controversies still exist about the timing of leukapheresis procedures for PBSC transplantation. Thirty-nine patients were followed daily by monitoring the absolute PB WBC count and CD34+ cell enumeration prior to apheresis. These determinations were compared with the apheresis cell content (nucleated cells and CD34+ cells yield). There was a highly significant correlation between PB CD34+ cells and apheresis CD34+ cell yield (r = 0.921, p < 0.001). A small but significant correlation was found between the PB WBC count and the apheresis nucleated cell content (r = 0.383, p < 0.001), but no correlation was found between PB WBC count and apheresis CD34+ cell yield (r = -0.065, p = 0.460). A target value of 20 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/L was determined to be the most reliable predictor to collect at least 1.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg in a single apheresis. Of the 39 patients, 20 could be followed after transplantation, and a good correlation was found for total number of CD34+ cells reinfused and platelet and neutrophil engraftment. No correlation was found for nucleated cells infused and engraftment. CD34+ cell determination is a better predictor than WBC count for timing leukapheresis and is thus recommended for monitoring the quality of the product.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"255-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21282068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of T-cell-depleted BMT and PBPCT with respect to chimerism, graft rejection, and leukemic relapse.","authors":"M Wiesneth,&nbsp;T Schreiner,&nbsp;D Bunjes,&nbsp;C Bischof,&nbsp;E Erne,&nbsp;B Maccari,&nbsp;B Kubanek","doi":"10.1089/106161299320299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimerism analysis by DNA-based methods is a valuable diagnostic tool for monitoring engraftment and leukemic relapse after allogeneic BMT or PBPC transplantation (PBPCT). We investigated the chimerism after T-cell-depleted BMT (n = 32) in comparison with T-cell-depleted PBPCT (n = 39). BM grafts were T-cell depleted using the Campath-IgM antibody plus complement. For T-cell depletion of the PBPC grafts, a selection of CD34+ cells with or without a subsequent CD2/3 depletion was performed. In all patients, the T-cell dose of the transplant was < 10(6)/kg body weight. Between day 13 and day 120 after transplantation, chimerism analysis was done by RFLP or amplified fragment length polymorphism (PCR-AFLP), with a detection limit of 1%-5% recipient cells. In the BMT group, 8 of 32 (25%) patients showed a mixed chimerism, but only one graft rejection and no leukemic relapse occurred after a median follow-up of 41 (3-84) months. All patients with PBPCT revealed a complete chimerism of their granulocytes, and 38 of 39 patients showed complete chimerism of their lymphocytes. Follow-up time in these patients is 7 (2-21) months, with no graft rejection and two leukemic relapses. G-CSF-mobilized PBPC are superior to BM cells for full engraftment even after T-cell-depleted transplantation. The more relevant factor for developing complete chimerism seems to be the quantity and possibly the quality of the stem cells rather than the residual T-cell load of the graft. However, a mixed chimerism of the lymphocytes early after transplantation does not predict a higher rate of graft rejection or leukemic relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"269-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21283196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of hematopoietic reconstitution with recombinant cytokines: effect of rhIL-6 in combination with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-3 on unmodified or T cell-depleted bone marrow.","authors":"M Mumcuoglu,&nbsp;S Slavin","doi":"10.1089/106161299320262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have investigated the response of unmanipulated and lymphocyte-depleted BM cells (BMC), pretreated with monoclonal rat antihuman lymphocyte (CD52) antibody (Campath-1G) used for prevention of GvHD, to incubation with rhIL-6 alone or in combination with rhGM-CSF, rhIL-3, or both. We investigated optimal conditions needed for incubation of human BMC under conditions that can be upscaled for clinical application prior to autologous (auto-BMT) and allogeneic blood or BM transplantation (allo-BMT). When used as a single agent, rhIL-6 showed no or a minimal effect in enhancing in vitro CFU-GM colony formation of human BMC. A potent additive effect was obtained when rhIL-6 was added to rhGM-CSF, rhIL-3, or a combination of both. Binding of the mAb Campath-1G, which is used for in vivo and in vitro depletion of immunocompetent lymphocytes to BMC, did not reduce the enhancing effect of a combination of rhGM-CSF and rhIL-3 on CFU-GM in the presence or absence of rhIL-6. Our present and previously published observations suggest that enhancement of hematopoiesis by rhIL-6 and other hematopoietic growth factors is T cell independent. Based on the present observations, pilot clinical studies to determine the potential benefit of in vitro activation of BMC prior to BMT with various cytokine combinations, including rhIL-6, seems justified. Our goal is to enhance hematopoietic reconstitution in vivo, focusing on possible enhancement of platelet reconstitution in vivo toward safer auto-BMT and more effective allo-BMT with better engraftment of T cell-depleted allografts while avoiding GvHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"247-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21282067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autologous bone marrow transplants to hematopoietic stem cell support with peripheral blood stem cells: a historical perspective.","authors":"C D Buckner","doi":"10.1089/106161299320244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320244","url":null,"abstract":"233 TH E FIELD O F A U TOLO GO U S H EM ATO PO IETIC cell support began in 1949, when Jacobson et al. discovered that shielding of the spleen effectively protected mice from BM damage caused by otherwise lethal total body irradiation (1,2). Subsequent studies by Lorenz et al. in 1951 demonstrated radiation protection by infusion of syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic bone marrow in guinea pigs (3). Although it was first thought that a humoral factor from bone marrow or spleen stimulated hematopoietic recovery after lethal doses of TBI, in 1954, Barnes and Loutit suggested that protection more likely resulted from a cellular than a humoral factor (4). Early investigators understood the profound clinical implications of syngeneic BM transplantation and applied this technique to experimental malignancies to determine its therapeutic potential in a preclinical setting. Barnes et al., in 1956, showed that the majority of mice with an induced lymphoid leukemia could be cured by 15 Gy of TBI plus normal syngeneic BM but not by 9.5 Gy of TBI and syngeneic BM (5). Early clinical trials of syngeneic transplants for malignant disease in humans were disappointing because of the advanced stage at which patients were treated, the unavailability of platelet transfusions, the lack of effective antibiotics for neutropenic patients, and the paucity of effective agents other than TBI to treat malignancies (6,7). However, these studies, led by transplant pioneer E. Donall Thomas, clearly established the feasibility of administering supralethal doses of TBI with rescue by syngeneic BM infusion in humans (6,7). Because of the rarity of syngeneic donors, it was logical for early investigators to ask if autologous BM could be substituted for allogeneic or syngeneic marrow for transplant purposes. Studies with dogs established that BM could be aspirated, set aside and infused after a supralethal dose of TBI, with rapid marrow repopulation (8,9). However, as BM does not survive long at ambient temperature, techniques for effective cryopreservation and storage of BM destined for autologous transplantation were developed. In 1949, Polge et al. developed a method for freezing bull sperm with glycerol as a cryoprotectant (10). This technique was found in 1957 to successfully cryopreserve BM (11,12). In 1959, Lovelock and Bishop introduce dimethylsulfoxide as a cryoprotectant for BM (13), and this is the current cryoprotectant of choice (14). The first human trials with cryopreserved autologous BM were performed in the late 1950s and early 1960s (15–18). By this time, techniques for performing autologous BMT had been well refined, but clinical application of these techniques developed slowly because of limitations of supportive care, lack of knowledge about effective high-dose regimens and concern that BM containing malignant cells would lead inevitably to relapse. Also, there was the prevalent concept that only allogeneic BMT with the potential for a GvL effect would be cur","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"233-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21282065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of procedures with a Baxter CS-3000 cell separator for collecting peripheral blood cells from children.","authors":"A Makimoto,&nbsp;Y Kawano,&nbsp;T Abe,&nbsp;Y Okamoto,&nbsp;J Sato,&nbsp;R Nakagawa,&nbsp;H Watanabe,&nbsp;T Watanabe,&nbsp;Y Kuroda,&nbsp;L Sweet,&nbsp;Y Takaue","doi":"10.1089/106161299320343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety and efficacy of apheresis using a newly developed procedure with a small volume separation container holder (SVSCH, Baxter) for the collection of PBSC from children with cancer were retrospectively compared with our historical experience with other procedures using different equipment and the CS-3000 plus cell separator. The procedures tested included the application of (a) specialized collection protocol 4 using the combination of an SVSCH and a small volume collection chamber (SVCC) (group A: 6 collections in 4 patients), (b) standard lymphocyte collection protocol 3 with GRANULO separation (G) and A-35 collection chambers (group B: 9 collections in 5 patients), and (c) modified collection procedure 1-120 with G and SVCC (group C: 7 collections in 3 patients). Although the retrospective nature of this study and the differences in the cohorts tested prevent a reliable analysis, the percent decrease in the peripheral platelet count after collection tended to be minimum in group A (11% +/- 5% versus 23% +/- 4% [B] or 17% +/- 4% [C]). Moreover, the largest number of CD34+ cells was collected in group A (8.7 +/- 9.4 x 10(5)/100 ml processed blood) compared with groups B (5.5 +/- 7.5 x 10(5)/100 ml processed blood) and C (4.0 +/- 2.8 x 10(5)/100 ml processed blood). These data suggest that a procedure incorporating SVSCH can be safely and effectively applied to small children and enables the selective collection of PBSC with less contamination by platelets, which is useful for subsequent cell processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"305-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21283201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TNF-alpha gene therapy with myeloid progenitor cells lacks the toxicities of systemic TNF-alpha therapy.","authors":"S C Gautam,&nbsp;Y X Xu,&nbsp;K R Pindolia,&nbsp;R Yegappan,&nbsp;N Janakiraman,&nbsp;R A Chapman","doi":"10.1089/106161299320253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the antileukemic activity and the toxicity of HPC transduced with human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cDNA. Both clonal (32Dcl3) and BM-derived primary hematopoietic progenitors (BM-Prog) expressing hTNF-alpha gene (32DTNF-alpha and BMTNF-alpha cells, respectively) inhibited the development of leukemia in mice with a small dose of 32Dp210 cells, a myeloid leukemia cell line. Whether the trans-gene expressing 32DTNF-alpha cells produce toxicities commonly associated with systemic TNF-alpha therapy was determined by examining the effect of TNF-alpha-secreting progenitor cells on body weight, tissue histology, growth of HPC, and engraftment of BMT. Administration of a low or high dose of TNF-alpha-secreting 32DTNF-alpha cells to mice failed to produce loss in body weight, a measure of TNF-alpha-related cachexia. There was also no evidence of tissue necrosis or mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration in lung, liver, kidney, or intestine of mice injected with transduced progenitor cells. Furthermore, 32DTNF-alpha cells showed no effect on the clonal growth of HPC in colony-forming assays or loss of cellularity in BM, spleen, or blood. Finally, TNF-alpha-secreting cells were found not to interfere with the engraftment of BM transplant and hematopoietic reconstitution thereafter. We conclude from these findings that unlike systemic administration of TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha gene therapy with transduced HPC is nontoxic and may have a role in eradicating residual leukemia after BMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"237-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21282066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The differentiating effect of retinoic acid and vincristine on acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"M F Leung,&nbsp;K F Wong","doi":"10.1089/106161299320307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We have shown previously that granulocytic maturation and differentiation occurred when HL-60 cells and leukemia cells from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) after treatment with a noncytotoxic concentration of vincristine (VCR), suggesting that VCR might have synergistic action with ATRA in the treatment of APL. Leukemic cells obtained from 24 patients with AML were exposed to 20 nM VCR for 1 h, followed by 1 microM ATRA for 6 days. Changes in the expression of myeloid leukocyte antigens were observed using flow cytometry. Differentiation phenotype as determined by the decrease or increase in maturation cell marker was observed in three samples treated with VCR alone, four samples treated with RA alone, and two samples treated with the combination of VCR and RA. The results suggest that treatment using VCR and ATRA may be effective in the differentiation therapy of AML.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"275-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21283198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma in a SCID mouse model using the highly cytotoxic natural killer cell line NK-92.","authors":"Y K Tam,&nbsp;B Miyagawa,&nbsp;V C Ho,&nbsp;H G Klingemann","doi":"10.1089/106161299320316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we evaluated the potential of the natural killer (NK) cell line NK-92 and its IL-2-independent variants NK-92MI and CI, as immunotherapy for melanoma. In vitro, we found that NK-92 was much more cytotoxic to a number of human melanoma cell lines than lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, particularly at low effector/target (E:T) ratios. In vivo treatment of mice challenged with MEWO melanoma cells with i.v. administered NK-92 and NK-92-MI resulted in a 1.5-2.5-fold increase in average length of survival. NK-92, MI, and CI were also effective against the WM1341 cell line, causing a 2-5-fold increase in survival when administered before the malignant cells. With s.c. injection, MEWO and WM1341 caused a primary tumor mass, secondary tumors, and metastatic cells. NK-92 cells reduced WM1341 primary tumor size by 40-90% and MEWO tumors by 30-75%. Similar results were seen with NK-92MI and CI. These data show that NK-92 cells are highly cytotoxic to human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo and suggest that treatment with NK-92 cells may be a potentially effective immunotherapeutic modality in melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"281-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21283197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graft engineering of G-CSF-mobilized allogeneic leukapheresis products by counterflow centrifugal elutriation after CD34 column adsorption.","authors":"D Skiera,&nbsp;W Zeller,&nbsp;A R Zander","doi":"10.1089/106161299320334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major hindrance to the use of PBSC in allogeneic transplantation is the high rate of contamination with T lymphocytes, resulting in a considerable risk of GvHD. Natural killer (NK) cells are active against tumor cells but do not contribute to the development of GvHD. After adsorption of CD34+ cells of mobilized allogeneic leukapheresis products on a Ceprate column, we studied the separation of CD34 unadsorbed cells by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE). Up to 1.0 x 10(10) cells were clearly separated into lymphocytes (fractions 110 and 140 ml/min), monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells (fraction rotor off). Characterized by flow cytometry, T cells were distributed nearly equal to fractions 110 and 140. NK cells were concentrated 3.4-fold in fraction 140 as compared with the unseparated cells. The ratio of NK cells/T cells was improved by 33%. These results indicate that CCE is an effective method to enrich NK cells and to reduce T cells in stem cell separation products. Therefore, it is an option for adoptive therapy of cancer patients after transplantations (e.g., CML in relapse).</p>","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"299-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320334","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21283199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing approaches to transplant conditioning for hematologic malignancy.","authors":"E Kelemen","doi":"10.1089/106161299320235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/106161299320235","url":null,"abstract":"H E C L A SS IC C O N C E P T R E G A R D IN G BMT in hematologic malignancy holds that myeloablative conditioning is a prerequisite for cure. However, as many as one third of patients may die from complications after this procedure. A preliminary publication in 1985, dealing with 5 cases of accelerated CML using dibromomannitol/ cytarabine/cyclophosphamide preconditioning instead of TBI stated that “ full eradication of leukemia clones in the course of preconditioning does not seem to be a prerequisite for eventual cure” of accelerated CML (1). The role of the graft vs. leukemia effect was considered. Surprisingly, few cases of acute graft vs. host disease, interstitial pneumonitis, and septic infection were seen with this nonmyeloablative preconditioning even among 19 additional patients allotransplanted from identical siblings, reported in 1993 and 1998 (2,3). In these cases, venoocclusive liver disease and severe mucositis were absent. Although only 9 of 33 patients were under 30 years of age and only 10 patients had a history of disease of less than 1 year, the leukemia-free survival was 82% even though 5 patients exhibited accelerated processes. In the entire patient group, there were 8 hematologic relapses. The reduction in post-BMT complications has greatly enhanced the quality of life of such patients. Normal pregnancy occurred in 2 of 4 female patients of childbearing age. The remarkable reduction in certain transplant-related complications showed some advantage as compared with busulfan conditioning. Nurses reported significant reduction of workload, and savings in eliminating the need for irradiation, parenteral nutrition, and antibiotics were also remarkable. Of the Abstracts of the 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Hematology (4), 11 deal with nonmyeloablative clinical stem cell transplantation in children and adult recipients, matched and mismatched, related and unrelated donors, with application of blood stem cells. In these reports, 1‐ 45 patients were treated, and 6 of 11 studies included 10 or more patients. Although the minimum follow-up period in these cases was short (3 weeks‐ 2 months), the longest follow-up was 16 months. In our last series (3), the minimum follow-up period was extended to 3 years, and the longest follow-up period was 7 1/2 years. In 4 of 11 abstracts, including a study of 48 cases, the follow-up period is not included.","PeriodicalId":77208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hematotherapy","volume":"8 3","pages":"231-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/106161299320235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21282064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}