European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies最新文献

{"title":"In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by bisisothiouronium and bisguanidinium salts.","authors":"M Roch-Arveiller,&nbsp;C Regnault,&nbsp;J P Giroud,&nbsp;G Morgant,&nbsp;J C Lancelot,&nbsp;C Saturnino,&nbsp;D Perrine,&nbsp;D Nguyen Huy","doi":"10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of two S,S'-(alkane-1,omega-diyl) bisisothiouronium dibromides, three N,N'-(alkane-1, omega-diyl) bis guanidinium dinitrates and N,N'-bis (3-guanidinopropyl)piperazine dinitrate to inhibit constitutive (i.e. endothelial and neuronal forms) and inducible forms of nitric oxide synthases has been evaluated in vivo. These compounds, synthesized by two of us (J. C. L. and C. S.), have been tested in vivo; they were administered simultaneously with an irritant (carrageenan lambda) into the pleural cavity. The amount of nitrites collected 0.5 and 7 hours after this injection can be considered as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) production. According to previous data, the first harvesting time can be related to activation of constitutive NO synthases and the second to activation of inducible NO synthases. These substances significantly inhibited nitrite production as did 2-methyl-2-thiopseudourea sulphate, previously described as a potent inhibitor of NO synthases and considered as the reference compound. The inhibiting effect varied according to the chemical structure of the compounds. Results were significantly different from controls at 0.5 h only with the S,S'-(octane-1,8-diyl) bisisothiouronium dibromide and the S,S'-(nonane-1,9-diyl) bisisothiouronium dibromide at the highest concentration, N,N'-(heptane-1,7-diyl) bisguanidinium dinitrate and N,N'-bis (3-guanidinopropyl)piperazine dinitrate. At 7 h, all the results were significantly different from controls, with a major effect observed with N,N'-(heptane-1,7-diyl) bisguanidinium dinitrate. The most active substances exerted similar effects to the reference substance.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"743-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.743","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of lamotrigine, carbamazepine and carbamazepine epoxide in human serum by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.","authors":"J Hallbach,&nbsp;H Vogel,&nbsp;W G Guder","doi":"10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A method for the identification and quantification of the antiepileptics lamotrigine, carbamazepine and carbamazepine epoxide (active metabolite) in human serum is described. In refractory epilepsy the combination of carbamazepine and lamotrigine was recently developed to a modern therapeutic concept. The goal of this paper is therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of these substances. Serum was extracted with a quick precipitation method using a modified commercial extraction-kit and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A gas-chromatographic temperature-pressure programme was developed that allowed the determination of lamotrigine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. A reference spectrum of pure lamotrigine is herewith published for the first time. A new mass spectra library was created to support the identification of the antiepileptics in human serum. In the Specified Ions Monitoring mode (SIM) a detection limit below the therapeutic range and recoveries above 90% were obtained. Comparison of results obtained by GC-MS or a commercially available high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method (for lamotrigine) and a fluorescence polarisation immunoassay (FPIA) (for carbamazepine) from spiked serum samples showed disagreement of no more than 10% between the methods and demonstrated the accuracy of the new method. In addition, quantitative determinations of these antiepileptics in samples from patients under anticonvulsive therapy showed a strong linear correlation with r2 = 0.961 for carbamazepine and r2 = 0.964 for lamotrigine. Only two from a total of 46 results differed by more than 10%. Our method for quantifying lamotrigine in serum seems to be highly specific and capable of measuring lamotrigine in patients on single therapy, as well as on add-on therapy with carbamazepine or carbamazepine epoxide. No interference from other coadministered drugs was detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"755-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the troponin T and troponin I ELISA tests, as measured by microplate immunoassay techniques, in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction.","authors":"K Penttilä,&nbsp;I Penttilä,&nbsp;R Bonnell,&nbsp;P Kerth,&nbsp;H Koukkunen,&nbsp;T Rantanen,&nbsp;G Svanas","doi":"10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.767","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe an improved procedure using a standard microplate immunoassay reader to measure the concentration of troponin T in human serum. We also describe an immunoassay for troponin I in serum. Only 160 microliters of serum are needed for a single analysis of each troponin. For comparison, creatine kinase MB mass analysis in serum was performed with a commercial luminometric method. From 95 apparently healthy people the following values were obtained: creatine kinase MB mass 2.6 +/- 1.2 micrograms/l, troponin T 0.027 +/- 0.025 microgram/l and troponin I 0.03 +/- 0.031 microgram/l. We compared the results of troponin T and troponin I methods with each other, as well as with those of creatine kinase MB mass measured in 48 patients with verified acute myocardial infarction and in 60 control patients with non-cardiac chest pain. The correlation between troponin T and troponin I values was 0.91 for the total material and 0.94 for 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Troponin I showed better earlier sensitivity than troponin T (p = 0.043). In nine patients in the control group, creatine kinase MB mass exceeded the reference limit of 5.0 micrograms/l, while in two patients the cut-off limit of 10.0 micrograms/l was also surpassed, pointing to non-specificity. In the group of infarct patients, the highest serum creatinine value was 193 mumol/l, whereas in the control group it was 406 mumol/l. The sera of patients with impaired renal function without any cardiac failure showed no increase in troponin T and troponin I values. In conclusion, serum creatine kinase MB mass and troponin I seem to confirm an acute myocardial infarction more rapidly than does troponin T; troponin I has the highest cardiac specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"767-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An alternative analysis for crossover studies that accounts for between-group disparities in drug response.","authors":"T J Cleophas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In crossover clinical trials comparing completely different treatments, patients tend to fall into different populations: those who respond better to treatment 1 and those who respond better to treatment 2. The correlation between treatment response in such trials is negative. The current ANCOVA analysis for crossover studies does not allow for correlations being negative, and is therefore not adequate for testing in this kind of trials.</p><p><strong>Objective of study: </strong>To study whether matrix algebra provides a more appropriate approach for this purpose.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Using a mathematical model as well as hypothesized examples, it is demonstrated that matrix algebra of 2 pairs of cells of the same order not only allows for negative correlations in a crossover design but also provides enough power to test both the treatment and carryover effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"775-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole blood folate concentrations: comparison between Stratus Folate (DADE) and radioassay (DPC) methods.","authors":"F Bamonti-Catena,&nbsp;A Porcella,&nbsp;M Pomati,&nbsp;C Franzini,&nbsp;M Rosina,&nbsp;V Cavalca,&nbsp;A T Maiolo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analytical performance of the Stratus Folate assay for intra-erythrocyte folate determination in normal subjects and in patients affected by folate-related diseases was compared with that of the radioassay (DPC) routinely employed by us. Folate concentrations were measured in freshly obtained EDTA whole blood from 100 subjects. Haemolysis was performed with the appropriate lysis reagent. In addition, to compare two different haemolysis procedures folate determination was carried out in 51 samples haemolysed according to the two procedures in parallel. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon's test and standardized principal component analysis. Stratus Folate assay and radioassay performances were comparable in terms of analytical characteristics as well as in individual intraerythrocyte folate values across the range of whole blood concentrations examined in the survey. Significant differences were detected between the two different haemolysis procedures only for the radioassay. In conclusion, we observed no significant differences between the two folate determination methods despite their different analytical principles, which indicates the suitability of routine use of the automated non-isotopic Stratus Folate assay for clinical purposes. Moreover, with the latter assay the laboratory staff could choose the more convenient haemolysis procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"781-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. VI. Properties and units in IOC prohibited drugs (IUPAC-IFCC recommendations 1997).","authors":"H Olesen,&nbsp;D Cowan,&nbsp;I Bruunshuus,&nbsp;K Klempel,&nbsp;G Hill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"805-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry, Committee on Nomenclature. Properties and Units (C-NPU): properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. IX. Properties and units in trace elements (IFCC-IUPAC technical report 1997).","authors":"R Cornelis,&nbsp;X Fuentes-Arderiu,&nbsp;I Bruunshuus,&nbsp;D Templeton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"833-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new assay for soluble transferrin receptors in serum: time for standardisation.","authors":"E P Kuiper-Kramer,&nbsp;J van Raan,&nbsp;H G van Eijk","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"793"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum phospholipases A2 in patients undergoing panproctocolectomy because of severe ulcerative colitis.","authors":"M M Haapamäki,&nbsp;J M Grönroos,&nbsp;E Pekkala,&nbsp;A Jokilammi-Siltanen,&nbsp;K Irjala,&nbsp;K Lertola,&nbsp;T J Nevalainen","doi":"10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major role has been proposed for group II phospholipase A2 in the pathogenesis of local and generalised inflammatory reactions. Elevated catalytic activity and mass concentrations of this enzyme have been found in serum and tissue samples of the colon in patients with active ulcerative colitis. The cellular source(s) of group II phospholipase A2 in the blood circulation is (are) unknown. In the current prospective study, we investigated the mass concentration of group II phospholipase A2 and the catalytic activity concentration of phospholipase A2 in serial serum samples of 15 consecutive patients who underwent a standard panproctocolectomy operation for severe ulcerative colitis. Both the catalytic activity concentrations of phospholipase A2 and the mass concentrations of group II phospholipase A2 increased rapidly in serum samples to maximum values on the first postoperative day and then decreased (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) in patients who recovered uneventfully. Three patients had postoperative complications that further increased the enzyme concentrations at the time of respective complications. The pattern of group II phospholipase A2 mass concentration profiles was similar to the profiles of C-reactive protein. The results show that the removal of the large bowel does not eliminate the potential to secrete group II phospholipase A2 into the blood circulation in these patients. Secretion of group II phospholipase A2 into the circulation after surgery seems to be a normal host response to a major abdominal operation and postoperative complications. Consequently, we conclude that the large bowel is not an important source of group II phospholipase A2 in sera of patients with ulcerative colitis. The results also support the assumptions that the catalytic activity of phospholipase A2 in serum is attributable to group II phospholipase A2 and that this enzyme is an acute phase protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"749-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.749","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic determination of unbound D-mannose in serum.","authors":"E Pitkänen,&nbsp;O Pitkänen,&nbsp;L Uotila","doi":"10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mannose is an aldohexose component of a number of glycoproteins in cellular membranes and blood plasma. Free (unbound) mannose is a normal blood plasma constituent and its concentration is elevated in diabetes mellitus and chronic glomerulonephritis. We devised an enzymatic method for the determination of free mannose in which mannose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate and measured spectrophotometrically using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). Accumulation of reduced NADP in the assay was verified by spectral analysis and by finding rapid disappearance of absorbance at 340 nm on addition of glutathione reductase and oxidized glutathione into the reaction mixture. The method necessitates prior removal of glucose from the samples. This we accomplished using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and a surplus amount of NADP, followed by elimination of reduced NADP by acidification of the reaction mixture. The assays may be run in parallel for expediency. Concentration of free mannose in serum was 18.5 +/- 5.5 mumol/l in healthy fasting female adults. The analytical recovery was 90.2 +/- 10.2% and the between-run imprecision was 13.5% (18.5 +/- 5.5 mumol/l, mean +/- SD) and 10.4% (75.3 +/- 10.3 mumol/l). The assay showed rectilinearity up to 220 mumol/l, which covers the measuring range to which the mannose concentrations in normal and clinical samples may be expected to fall.</p>","PeriodicalId":77119,"journal":{"name":"European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies","volume":"35 10","pages":"761-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/cclm.1997.35.10.761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20298208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}