Developmental immunology最新文献

{"title":"Cell polarization: a comparative cell biology and immunological view.","authors":"M Vicente-Manzanares,&nbsp;F Sánchez-Madrid","doi":"10.1155/2000/70801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/70801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell polarization and the establishment of functionally specialized domains play a pivotal role in many cellular processes such as vectorial transport of molecules, cell division and differentiation, directional movement of the cells in a chemotactic gradient and activation of the immune response. Cell polarization is a complex phenomenon, in which the interplay among cell cytoskeletal components, extra- and intracellular signals and organelle and membrane reorganization is crucial to achieve a correct cell shape change. The intracellular machinery needed for cell polarization has been elucidated in several well-established models, including yeast, epithelial, neuronal and germ-line cells. Cells of the immune system also polarize in response to extracellular cues, but many of the intracellular signals that control cell polarization and the role of genes with a well-defined function in other polarization processes are still unknown. In this review, recent advances in the study of leukocyte polarization are examined highlighting the similarities and differences with other models of cell polarization. The extracellular signals which direct cell polarization, the signal transduction pathways involved as well as the role of cell polarization in the development of the immune response are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"51-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/70801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21921485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The involvement of laminin in anti-myocardial cell autoimmune response in murine Chagas disease.","authors":"S D Silva-Barbosa,&nbsp;W Savino","doi":"10.1155/2000/17424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/17424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy associated with Chagas disease is still controversial, although evidence indicates a T cell-dependent autoimmune process. Using a mouse model for chronic Chagas disease, we previously evidenced that hearts grafted within the ears of Trypanosoma cruzi infected syngeneic recipients were rejected through a CD4+ T cell-dependent mechanism. Moreover, we showed that such a process was dependent on laminin-mediated interactions, since it could be abrogated by anti-laminin or anti-laminin receptor antibodies. In this review the same passive cell transfer model is considered for discussion: the participation of the laminin alteration in the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate formed in response to the antimyocardial autoreactive CD4+ T cells, as well as the presence of laminin-binding cytokines. Finally we suggest the existence of a relationship between the inflammatory infiltrate, the laminin contents and deposition of pro-inflammatory laminin-binding cytokines, which may act in concert during the generation of Chagas disease-related cardiomyopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/17424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21921356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteolytic activity of human lymphoid tumor cells. Correlation with tumor progression.","authors":"A Vacca,&nbsp;D Ribatti,&nbsp;R Ria,&nbsp;A Pellegrino,&nbsp;M Bruno,&nbsp;F Merchionne,&nbsp;F Dammacco","doi":"10.1155/2000/74372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/74372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and production are associated with advanced-stage tumor and contribute to tumor progression, invasion and metastases. The current study was designed to determine the expression and production of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) by human lymphoid tumor cells. Changes in expression and production were also investigated during tumor progression of multiple myeloma and mycosis fungoides. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that lymphoblastic leukemia B cells (SB cell line), multiple myeloma (MM) cells (U266 cell line) and lymphoblastic leukemia T cells (CEM and Jurkat cell lines) express constitutively the mRNA for MMP-2 and/or MMP-9. We demonstrated by gelatin-zymography of cell culture medium that both enzymes were secreted in their cleaved (activated) form. In situ hybridization of bone marrow plasma cells and gelatin-zymography of the medium showed that patients with active MM (diagnosis, relapse, leukemic progression) express higher levels of MMP-2 mRNA and protein than patients with non-active MM (complete/objective response, plateau) and with monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). MMP-9 expression and secretion was similar in all patient groups. In patients with mycosis fungoides (MF), the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNAs was significantly upregulated with advancing stage, in terms of lesions both positive for one of two mRNAs and with the greatest intensity of expression. Besides MF cells, the MMP-2 and/or MMP-9 mRNAs were expressed by some stromal cell populations (microvascular endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages), suggesting that these cells cooperate in the process of tumor invasion. Our studies identify MMPs as an important class of proteinases involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation by human lymphoid tumors, and suggest that MMPs inhibitors may lead to important new treatment for their control.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"77-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/74372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21921487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T cell control of extracellular matrix degradation.","authors":"Y St-Pierre,&nbsp;E F Potworowski","doi":"10.1155/2000/43657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/43657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"171-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/43657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21922698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of extracellular matrix-mediated interactions in thymocyte migration.","authors":"W Savino,&nbsp;S R Dalmau,&nbsp;V C Dealmeida","doi":"10.1155/2000/60247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/60247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival or death is amongst a large spectrum of biological responses that can be elicited by ligation of extracellular matrix components to their corresponding receptors. As regards the physiology of the thymus, cell migration is a crucial event in the general process of T cell differentiation. Studies on the intrathymic distribution of ECM components revealed that fibronectin, laminin and type IV collagen, are not restrictedly located at typical basement membrane sites, also forming a thick network in the medullary region of the thymic lobules, whereas very thin ECM fibers are found within the cortex. These ECM components are essentially produced by thymic microenvironmental cells, which also drive thymocyte differentiation. Signals triggered by ECM are conveyed into thymocytes or microenvironmental cells through specific membrane receptors, and most of them belong to the integrin type, such as the VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5 and VLA-6. In vitro studies revealed that adhesion of thymocytes to thymic microenvironmental cells is mediated by extracellular matrix. Such an adhesion is preferentially done by immature thymocytes. Importantly, ECM-mediated interactions also govern the entrance and exit of thymocytes in the lymphoepithelial complexes named thymic nurse cells. Lastly, pathological conditions, including infectious and autoimmune diseases, in which changes of ECM ligands and receptors are observed, course with alterations in thymocyte migration and death. In conclusion, the fact that ECM can modulate traffic, differentiation, death and survival of normal thymocytes adds clues for understanding how ECM-mediated interactions behave in the thymus, not only in normal, but also in pathological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"279-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/60247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21922706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro studies on the trafficking of dendritic cells through endothelial cells and extra-cellular matrix.","authors":"G Bianchi,&nbsp;G D'Amico,&nbsp;L Varone,&nbsp;S Sozzani,&nbsp;A Mantovani,&nbsp;P Allavena","doi":"10.1155/2000/39893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/39893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen presenting cells (APC) with the unique ability to initiate an immune response. Immature DC are localized in peripheral tissues where they exert a sentinel function for incoming antigens (Ag). After Ag capture and exposure to inflammatory stimuli DC undergo maturation and migrate to regional lymph nodes where the presentation of antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes takes place. Thus their correct functioning as APC involves localization in tissues and trafficking via the lymph or blood to lymphoid organs. In the present study we have investigated the ability of DC to interact in vitro with human vascular endothelial cells (EC) and extracellular matrix (ECM). DC are differentiated from monocytes by in vitro exposure to GM-CSF and IL-13 for 7 days. In adhesion assays a considerable proportion of DC binds to resting EC monolayers and this adhesion is inhibited by anti-CD11a and CD11b, but not anti-CD11c mAbs. Binding to a natural ECM, derived from cultured EC involves VLA-4 and VLA-5 integrins. In a transmigration assay, 10% of input cells are able to cross the EC monolayer in the absence of exogenous stimuli. The amount of DC transmigrated through a monolayer of EC was increased of 2-3 fold by C-C chemokines RANTES, MIP1alpha, and MIP-1beta. Most importantly, in view of the trafficking pattern of these cells, a significant proportion of DC can migrate in a reverse transmigration assay, i.e. across the endothelial basement membrane and subsequently, across endothelial cells. Upon exposure to immune or inflammatory signals peripheral DC undergo maturation and migration to lymphoid organs. Functional maturation is associated with loss of responsiveness to chemokines present at sites of inflammation (e.g. MIP1alpha, MIP1beta and RANTES) and acquisition of a receptor repertoire which renders these cells responsive to signals which guide their localization in lymphoid organs (e.g. MIP3beta). A better understanding of the molecular basis of DC trafficking may provide molecular and conceptual tools to direct and modulate DC localization as a strategy to upregulate and orient specific immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"143-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/39893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21921492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface molecules involved in avian T-cell progenitor migration and differentiation.","authors":"C Ody,&nbsp;S Alais,&nbsp;C Corbel,&nbsp;K M McNagny,&nbsp;T F Davison,&nbsp;O Vainio,&nbsp;B A Imhof,&nbsp;D Dunon","doi":"10.1155/2000/13850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/13850","url":null,"abstract":"Surface Molecules Involved in Avian T-Cell Progenitor Migration and Differentiation C. ODYa*, S. ALAISb, C. CORBELc, K.M. McNAGNYd, T.F. DAVISONe, O. VAINIOf, B.A. IMHOFat and D. DUNONb aDepartment ofPathology, Centre Mdical Universitaire, 1, Rue Michel Servet, CH 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, bCNRS UMR 7622 Adhesion et Migration Cellulaire, Universit Pierrre et Marie Curie, 9 Quai St Bernard F 75272 Paris Cedex 05, France, Clnstitut d’Embryologie du CNRS, 49bis av. De la Belle Gabrielle, F 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne, France, dBiomedical Research Center, Vancouver, Canada, elnstitutefor Animal Disease Research, Houghton laboratory, Huntingdon, Cambs, England andfDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, Fin-20520 Turku, Finland","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"267-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/13850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21922705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Galectin-1 induces central and peripheral cell death: implications in T-cell physiopathology\".","authors":"C E Sotomayor,&nbsp;G A Rabinovich","doi":"10.1155/2000/36321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/36321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system has a remarkable capacity to maintain a state of equilibrium even as it responds to a diverse array of foreign proteins and despite its contact exposure to self-antigens. Apoptosis is one of the mechanisms aimed at preserving the homeostasis after the completion of an immune response, thus returning the immune system to a basal state and warranting the elimination of autoagressive cells in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs. Targeted deletions in critical genes involved in the apoptotic death machinery together with natural spontaneous mutations have clearly shown the importance of apoptosis in the regulation of the immune response. This complex scenario of stimulatory and inhibitory genes has been enriched with the finding that galectin-1, a 14.5 kDa beta-galactoside-binding protein, is able to induce apoptosis of immature cortical thymocytes and mature T cells by cross-linking cell surface glycoconjugates. Galectin-1 is present not only in central and peripheral lymphoid organs, but also at sites of immune privilege. In the present article we will discuss the implications of galectin-1-induced apoptosis in T-cell physiopathology in an attempt to validate its therapeutic potential in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"117-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/36321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21921490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing thymocyte adhesion and motility: a functional linkage between beta1 integrins and the motility receptor RHAMM.","authors":"S L Gares,&nbsp;L M Pilarski","doi":"10.1155/2000/94616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/94616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thymocyte differentiation involves several processes that occur in different anatomic sites within the thymus. Therefore, thymocytes must have the ability to respond to signals received from stromal cells and adopt either adhesive or motile behavior. We will discuss our data indicating human thymocytes use alpha4beta1 integrin, alpha5beta1 integrin and RHAMM to mediate these activities. Immature multinegative (MN; CD3-4-8-19-) thymocytes use alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrins to mediate weak and strong adhesion. This subset also uses alpha4beta1 integrin to mediate motility. As thymocytes differentiate, they begin to express and use RHAMM to mediate motility in conjunction with alpha4beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrins. Motile thymocytes use beta1 integrins to maintain weakly adhesive contacts with substrate to provide traction for locomoting cells, thus weak adhesion is a requirement of motile behavior. Hyaluronan (HA) is also required by thymocytes to mediate motility. HA binding to cell surface RHAMM redistributes intracellular RHAMM to the cell surface where it functions to mediate motility. We propose that the decision to maintain adhesive or motile behavior is based on the balance between low and high avidity binding conformations of beta1 integrins on thymocytes and that RHAMM:HA interactions decrease high avidity binding conformations of integrins pushing the balance toward motile behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"209-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/94616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21922701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibronectin in immune responses in organ transplant recipients.","authors":"A J Coito,&nbsp;M de Sousa,&nbsp;J W Kupiec-Weglinski","doi":"10.1155/2000/98187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2000/98187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune response to an organ allograft involves perpetuation of T cell infiltration and activation. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of T cell activation have placed particular emphasis on the interactions between the T-cell receptor and antigen presenting cells, with little reference to the fact that in vivo activation occurs in the physical context of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM). Indeed, the possibility that ECM proteins may have a determining role in lymphocyte adhesion and tissue localization and function is now becoming more appreciated in view of growing evidence indicating that integrins and other T cell antigens bind ECM components, with some of these components exerting synergistic effects on T-cell activation. This review focuses on the importance of interactions between lymphocytes and fibronectin, a prominent ECM component, for cell migration and function in organ allograft recipients. It explores novel therapeutic approaches based on the assumption that fibronectin represents an active element in the process of T cell activation in the immune cascade triggered by organ transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77106,"journal":{"name":"Developmental immunology","volume":"7 2-4","pages":"239-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2000/98187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21922703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}