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Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology最新文献

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Effects of insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I and IGF-II on phenylalanine extraction in the chicken embryo cultured in vitro. 胰岛素、生长激素、IGF-I和IGF-II对体外培养鸡胚苯丙氨酸提取的影响。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1993-03-01
T Muramatsu, K Kita, S Nakagawa, J Okumura
{"title":"Effects of insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I and IGF-II on phenylalanine extraction in the chicken embryo cultured in vitro.","authors":"T Muramatsu,&nbsp;K Kita,&nbsp;S Nakagawa,&nbsp;J Okumura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. To evaluate growth-promoting potencies of bovine insulin, bovine growth hormone (bGH), and recombinant human insulin like growth factor (rhIGF)-I and -II in the chicken, phenylalanine extraction from a synthetic serum-free culture medium into whole-embryos was measured. 2. The chicken embryos at 7 days of age were cultured in a rotatory embryo culture apparatus under a gas phase of 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37 degrees C for varying periods of time, and the change in phenylalanine contents in the medium was determined fluorimetrically. 3. Bovine insulin enhanced the phenylalanine extraction when added to the medium at 250 ng/ml whereas no significant change was observed below this concentration. 4. Intact bGH did not show any significant effect on the phenylalanine extraction in its intact form at the concentrations tested. However, bGH partially digested with trypsin increased the phenylalanine extraction. 5. The rhIGF-I enhanced the phenylalanine extraction significantly at 50 ng/ml with no significant increase below this level, whereas rhIGF-II showed no significant increase in phenylalanine extraction at any doses tested. 6. It was concluded that the whole-embryo culture was a quick and convenient system for searching physiologically active compounds that may have growth-promoting potency in the chicken.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"104 3","pages":"507-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19089825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effect of fasting and refeeding on total messenger ribonucleic acid content in the liver of chicks. 禁食和复饲对雏鸡肝脏总信使核糖核酸含量的影响。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1993-03-01
K Kita, S Matsunami, J Okumura
{"title":"The effect of fasting and refeeding on total messenger ribonucleic acid content in the liver of chicks.","authors":"K Kita,&nbsp;S Matsunami,&nbsp;J Okumura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The effect of 3-days fasting and the subsequent 3-days refeeding on total messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) content in the liver of chicks was investigated. 2. Body weight and liver weight were decreased by fasting, and were increased by refeeding to higher than initial values. 3. There was no influence of fasting and refeeding on RNA and mRNA contents per unit liver weight. 4. Total RNA content in the liver was decreased by fasting and was increased by refeeding to higher than the initial level. Fasting tended to reduce total mRNA content in the liver, and the following refeeding increased it significantly up to the initial level.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"104 3","pages":"589-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19089826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activities of some regulatory enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats fed a histidine-excess diet. 组氨酸过量饮食大鼠肝脏碳水化合物代谢调节酶活性的研究。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1993-02-01
Y Aoyama, T Tsuda, E Hitomi-Ohmura, A Yoshida
{"title":"Activities of some regulatory enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver of rats fed a histidine-excess diet.","authors":"Y Aoyama,&nbsp;T Tsuda,&nbsp;E Hitomi-Ohmura,&nbsp;A Yoshida","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Glycogen is accumulated in the liver of rats given a histidine-excess diet. 2. In order to know the regulatory point, the activities of eight hepatic key enzymes in the carbohydrate metabolism were measured after feeding either a basal or a histidine-excess diet for 0, 3 and 7 days. 3. The active glycogen synthase level was about 2.6- and 3.0-fold higher after feeding for 3 and 7 days, respectively, but the total activity of this enzyme was not affected after feeding for 3 days and was increased after feeding for 7 days. 4. The active glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6-phosphatase and pyruvate kinase activities were significantly decreased, and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity was increased on a histidine-excess diet for 3 days. 5. Thus, of these enzymatic changes, mainly the enhancement of active glycogen synthase might lead to the substantial accumulation of hepatic glycogen. 6. The in vivo incorporation of radioactive glucose into liver glycogen was stimulated in rats given a histidine-excess diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"104 2","pages":"381-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19088963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in body composition of germ-free and conventional chickens during starvation. 无菌鸡和常规鸡在饥饿期间身体成分的变化。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-11-01
H Yokota, H Mori, M Furuse
{"title":"Changes in body composition of germ-free and conventional chickens during starvation.","authors":"H Yokota,&nbsp;H Mori,&nbsp;M Furuse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Changes in body composition during starvation were compared between germ-free (GF) and conventionalized (CVL) chicks in experiment 1. At 8 days of age, the GF birds were divided into two groups, i.e. GF and CVL groups. The CVL birds were inoculated with faeces from conventionally reared birds. Until 14 days of age, both birds were fed a diet ad lib. and thereafter starved for 6 days. 2. Nitrogen loss during starvation was significantly lower in CVL birds, though the reverse was true for water loss. Fasting heat production was comparable between two environments. 3. Influence of the gut microflora on body weight and nitrogen losses during starvation was investigated in birds prefed diets high or low in dietary protein in experiment 2. 4. No significant effect of the gut microflora was observed in body weight and nitrogen losses. Body weight was severely reduced in birds prefed the high protein diet and nitrogen loss was lower in birds prefed the low protein diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"103 3","pages":"565-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12531043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gut microflora can modify fatty acid composition in liver and egg yolk lipids of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). 肠道菌群可改变产蛋日本鹌鹑肝脏脂肪酸组成和蛋黄脂质。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-11-01
M Furuse, A Murai, J Okumura
{"title":"Gut microflora can modify fatty acid composition in liver and egg yolk lipids of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).","authors":"M Furuse,&nbsp;A Murai,&nbsp;J Okumura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The influence of the gut microflora on lipid metabolism was investigated in germ-free (GF) and conventional (CV) laying Japanese quail. 2. Serum and egg yolk cholesterol concentrations showed comparable values in both GF and CV environments. 3. The fatty acid composition of liver lipids was modified by the presence of gut microflora. Notably, in the presence of the gut microflora, proportion of oleic acid was reduced and conversely, stearic and linoleic acids were enhanced. 4. In egg yolk lipids, the proportion of myristoleic and palmitoleic acids was significantly lowered and that of stearic acid was significantly enhanced by the presence of the gut microflora, though the difference was very small. 5. It was suggested that oleic acid could be easily either hydrogenated to stearic acid or desaturated to linoleic acid by the action of the gut microflora in Japanese quail.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"103 3","pages":"569-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12531044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alterations of cytoplasmic enzyme activities of liver in rats fed on diets containing orotic acid with dietary fibers. 饲粮中添加山茱萸酸和膳食纤维对大鼠肝脏细胞质酶活性的影响。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-11-01
H Miyasaka, H Sanada
{"title":"Alterations of cytoplasmic enzyme activities of liver in rats fed on diets containing orotic acid with dietary fibers.","authors":"H Miyasaka,&nbsp;H Sanada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Rats were fed with diets containing orotic acid with dietary fibers to induce alteration of lipid metabolism and cytoplasmic enzyme activities in the livers. Concentrations of blood glucose, serum insulin and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. 2. In CP (cellulose + orotic acid) group compared to basal (cellulose - orotic acid) or CBH (corn bran hemicellulose + cellulose + orotic acid) groups, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and ATP citrate lyase activities and FFA concentration were decreased according to lipid accumulation of livers. 3. In the CBH group, glycerokinase activity was higher than basal group.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"103 3","pages":"555-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12531042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of fibre digestion and digesta retention time between nutrias (Myocaster coypus) and guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus). 肥猪和豚鼠纤维消化和食糜滞留时间的比较。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-11-01
E Sakaguchi, A Nabata
{"title":"Comparison of fibre digestion and digesta retention time between nutrias (Myocaster coypus) and guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus).","authors":"E Sakaguchi,&nbsp;A Nabata","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Digestibilities of feed, and transit and retention time of fluid and particle digesta marker measured in nutrias (Myocaster coypus) and guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) fed on a diet containing 50% alfalfa. 2. The digestibility of fibre was higher in the nutria, along with the longer retention time of digesta. 3. The liquid and particle marker were similarly excreted, suggesting no separation mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract of both the animals. 4. The apparent digestibility of protein in the nutria was superior to the guinea-pig and other small hindgut fermenters, suggesting that the contribution of coprophagy on protein nutrition of nutrias is significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"103 3","pages":"601-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12531045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dye-coupling among frog (Rana catesbeiana) taste disk cells. 蛙(Rana catesbeiana)味觉盘细胞染料偶联。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-09-01
O Sata, Y Okada, T Miyamoto, T Sato
{"title":"Dye-coupling among frog (Rana catesbeiana) taste disk cells.","authors":"O Sata,&nbsp;Y Okada,&nbsp;T Miyamoto,&nbsp;T Sato","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Dye-coupling among taste disk cells in the bullfrog fungiform papillae was examined histologically by injecting a fluorescent dye (Lucifer yellow) into the cell, and the effects of the dye-coupling on depolarizing responses induced by taste stimuli were studied electrophysiologically. 2. With dye injection into a taste cell, dye-coupling was found between taste cells (23%) or between taste cell and supporting cell (28%). With dye injection into a supporting cell, dye-coupling was found between supporting cells (34%) or between supporting cell and taste cell (27%). 3. Depolarizing responses recorded from either a taste cell or a supporting cell to stimulation with 0.5 M NaCl or 10 mM quinine-HCl were the same in amplitude whether the dye-coupling to another cell was present or not. On the other hand, depolarizing responses recorded from a taste cell for 0.5 mM acetic acid became significantly larger when dye-coupled to a supporting cell. 4. It is concluded that gustatory transduction for acid stimuli is influenced by supporting cells coupled to taste cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"103 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12528955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of arterial insufficiency on glucose uptake by fast and slow rat skeletal muscles. 动脉功能不全对大鼠快、慢骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取的影响。
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-09-01
S Shoji
{"title":"Effects of arterial insufficiency on glucose uptake by fast and slow rat skeletal muscles.","authors":"S Shoji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Muscle wet weight and glucose uptake were measured in female Wistar rats 7 and 14 days after unilateral ligation and section of the artery. 2. Following the induction of arterial insufficiency, muscle wet weight decreased significantly in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), but not in the soleus muscle (Sol). 3. Muscle glucose uptake per wet weight increased significantly in EDL after arterial insufficiency, but not in Sol. 4. It is suggested that arterial insufficiency influences the metabolic control of fast muscle via anoxia as a main etiologic factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"103 1","pages":"55-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12528952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Age-related changes in GSH content of eyes in mice--a comparison of senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) and C57BL/J mice. 衰老加速小鼠(SAM)和C57BL/J小鼠眼睛GSH含量的年龄相关性变化
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology Pub Date : 1992-08-01
S Teramoto, Y Fukuchi, Y Uejima, H Ito, H Orimo
{"title":"Age-related changes in GSH content of eyes in mice--a comparison of senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) and C57BL/J mice.","authors":"S Teramoto,&nbsp;Y Fukuchi,&nbsp;Y Uejima,&nbsp;H Ito,&nbsp;H Orimo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. Age-related changes in glutathione (GSH) content of eye lenses were investigated in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) and C57BL/J mice. 2. The decrease of GSH content with aging is markedly observed in SAM strains. 3. The oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content of eyes increased significantly with aging in SAM. 4. Ophthalmic changes, including cataract, increased with age in SAM alone. 5. The decrease of GSH content and the increase of GSH oxidation may be involved in the pathogenesis of cataract in SAM.</p>","PeriodicalId":77080,"journal":{"name":"Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comparative physiology","volume":"102 4","pages":"693-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12527958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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