Communicable disease report. CDR review最新文献_第3页

The surveillance of HIV infection and AIDS in the United Kingdom. 英国艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病的监测。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-08-22

J Y Mortimer, B G Evans, D J Goldberg

引用次数: 0

AIDS and HIV infection acquired through sexual intercourse between men. 艾滋病和艾滋病毒感染是通过男性之间的性交获得的。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-08-22

N D Macdonald

引用次数: 0

Investigation of tuberculosis in an adolescent. The Outbreak Control Team. 1例青少年肺结核的调查。爆发控制小组。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-07-25

C Quigley

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PHLS work on the surveillance and epidemiology of tuberculosis. 公共卫生系从事结核病的监测和流行病学工作。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-07-25

J M Watson, H C Maguire

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Tuberculosis remains "the captain of all these men of death". 结核病仍然是“所有这些杀手的首领”。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-07-25

S Handysides

引用次数: 0

PHLS mycobacteriology reference services in England and Wales. PHLS分枝杆菌学参考服务在英格兰和威尔士。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-07-25

F A Drobniewski, J G Magee, E G Smith, R Williams

{"title":"PHLS mycobacteriology reference services in England and Wales.","authors":"F A Drobniewski, J G Magee, E G Smith, R Williams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is the most important cause of infectious disease in the world, with eight million new cases and three million deaths each year. The increasing incidence of TB in the developed and the developing world, increasing drug resistance, and the occurrence of nosocomial outbreaks of drug sensitive as well as drug resistant TB has led the PHLS to establish TB as a priority area. This article reviews the enhanced reference services for mycobacteriology provided by the PHLS in England and Wales. These include microscopy and culture on solid and liquid media, rapid culture systems, identification of mycobacteria using macroscopic, microscopic, growth, and biochemical characteristics, and molecular DNA analysis. The Mycobacterium Reference Unit (MRU) provides rapid molecular DNA amplification techniques to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis in specimens. All four PHLS Regional Centres test isolates for drug susceptibility. This work is quality controlled by MRU, which is one of the World Health Organisation's reference centres for global surveillance on drug resistance in tuberculosis. National data on drug resistance are collated through 'Mycobnet', a surveillance scheme run through the collaboration of PHLS and other UK reference centres and the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre.","PeriodicalId":77078,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease report. CDR review","volume":"7 8","pages":"R106-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20198612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outbreak of small round structured virus gastroenteritis arose after kitchen assistant vomited. 厨房助理呕吐后爆发小圆结构病毒性肠胃炎。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-06-27

W Patterson, P Haswell, P T Fryers, J Green

{"title":"Outbreak of small round structured virus gastroenteritis arose after kitchen assistant vomited.","authors":"W Patterson, P Haswell, P T Fryers, J Green","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A wedding reception at a North Yorkshire hotel was followed by an explosive outbreak of gastroenteritis. The attack rate among the 111 guests was 50% and vomiting was a predominant feature. The results of laboratory and epidemiological investigations were consistent with a common source outbreak of small round structured virus (SRSV) infection genotype II. The source of the outbreak was traced to a kitchen assistant who suddenly became ill on the eve of the reception and vomited into a sink used for preparing vegetables. The sink was cleaned with a chlorine based disinfectant and used the next morning to prepare a potato salad, subsequently identified as the vehicle of infection in a cohort study of guests (odds ratio 3.21; CI 1.78-5.78, p = 0.0001). No other food was associated with illness. The outbreak provides further supporting evidence of the importance of vomiting in the transmission of SRSV infection, highlights the virulence of this group of viruses, and indicates their relative resistance to environmental disinfection and decontamination. It also highlights the need for the adequate training of catering staff and the implementation and enforcement of food hygiene regulations.","PeriodicalId":77078,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease report. CDR review","volume":"7 7","pages":"R101-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20163919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survival of adults with AIDS in the United Kingdom. 英国成人艾滋病患者的存活率。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-06-27

P A Rogers, S E Whitmore-Overton, B G Evans, G M Allardice, A Noone

{"title":"Survival of adults with AIDS in the United Kingdom.","authors":"P A Rogers, S E Whitmore-Overton, B G Evans, G M Allardice, A Noone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate estimates of expected survival times and survival rates of AIDS patients are important both for estimating the prognosis of individuals and for monitoring the progress of the HIV/AIDS epidemic as new treatments are introduced. They are also needed for projecting future numbers of AIDS cases. Data on reported AIDS cases held at the PHLS AIDS Centre at the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health confirmed the time, age, and reporting delay effects identified in earlier analyses of the United Kingdom AIDS database. The duration of survival after AIDS is diagnosed has improved since the epidemic began--median survival was 10.6 months in cases diagnosed before 1987 and has been at least 18.4 months in cases diagnosed each year since then. People who are diagnosed younger live longer--median survival fell from 21.6 months at age 15 to 29 to 12.6 months at age 45 or over. Delay in reporting AIDS cases adversely affects survival estimates for cases reported in recent years. Survival was longer in cases reported over a year after diagnosis of AIDS--23.7 months compared with 16.9 months in those reported less than a year after diagnosis. The experience of the hospital, measured by its cumulative AIDS caseload, was an important factor in the survival of men who have sex with men presenting with Kaposi's sarcoma alone or 'other' diagnoses--survival was shorter for cases reported from smaller centres. Men who have sex with men with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia alone or other opportunistic infections alone who were known to be HIV positive before being diagnosed with AIDS had a shorter survival after being diagnosed than those who were unaware of their HIV infection. This supports the hypothesis that treatment for HIV infection and prophylaxis may extend the period before AIDS develops but reduce the period between developing AIDS and dying.","PeriodicalId":77078,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease report. CDR review","volume":"7 7","pages":"R93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20163918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age in England and Wales. 英格兰和威尔士5岁以下儿童的肠胃炎。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-05-30

D S Crowley, M J Ryan, P G Wall

{"title":"Gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age in England and Wales.","authors":"D S Crowley, M J Ryan, P G Wall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Gastroenteritis is a major cause of illness in young children worldwide. The magnitude of this problem is underestimated, as many cases may not present for medical treatment and many that do present are not asked to provide a faecal specimen. In this study, laboratory reports of pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years in England and Wales reported to the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre from January 1990 to December 1994 were analysed. These reports were compared with food poisoning notifications and mortality attributable to gastroenteritis collated by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys in the same age group over the same period. Thirty-nine per cent of the 167630 laboratory faecal identifications were of rotavirus. Reports were commonest in children under 1 year of age during the winter months. Salmonellas and campylobacters were isolated from 16% and 15% of the specimens reported respectively. During the study period salmonella reporting rates rose by 48% in this age group. Improving the microbiological quality of food and raising standards of food hygiene, together with increasing parental awareness of the possibility of food poisoning in young children, will help to reduce morbidity in this age group. The majority of childhood deaths attributable to gastroenteritis were associated with rotavirus infection. The introduction of recently developed vaccines against rotavirus could substantially reduce the level of morbidity in this age group.","PeriodicalId":77078,"journal":{"name":"Communicable disease report. CDR review","volume":"7 6","pages":"R82-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20130963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 6 infection associated with food items provided at a buffet meal. 肠道沙门氏菌6型噬菌体感染爆发与自助餐食物有关。

Communicable disease report. CDR review Pub Date : 1997-05-30

I Holtby, G M Tebbutt, E Grunert, H J Lyle, M P Stenson

引用次数: 0