Bailliere's clinical rheumatology最新文献

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The knee 我的膝盖
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1142/9789814282048
McAlindon
{"title":"The knee","authors":"McAlindon","doi":"10.1142/9789814282048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814282048","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic knee pain is common at all ages, particularly in the elderly, among whom it has its greatest impact. Chronic knee pain is often ascribed to osteoarthritis in adults and to chondromalacia patellae in children and adolescents. Pathological findings in both these conditions correlate poorly, however, with the severity of knee pain and disability. Psychometric variables correlate better with the impact of knee osteoarthritis, suggesting that this disorder has characteristics of a regional pain syndrome. This perception may reflect our lack of understanding of the biological mechanisms in these disorders. This possibility has been highlighted by the advent of magnetic resonance imaging, and by recent studies of muscle function, reflex quadriceps inhibition and proprioception in people with knee osteoarthritis. Established risk factors for knee osteoarthritis include increased body weight, knee injury and aspects of occupational activity. Recent studies have also suggested a possible role for oestrogens and vitamins C and D in the secondary prevention of this disorder. The emergence of 'nutraceuticals' such as glucosamine as treatments for osteoarthritis has captured the public imagination and merits further study.","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"85 1","pages":"329-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84996286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The neck 颈部
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1097/00125480-199903000-00013
Bogduk
{"title":"The neck","authors":"Bogduk","doi":"10.1097/00125480-199903000-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199903000-00013","url":null,"abstract":"Tumours, infections, aneurysms and metabolic and inflammatory diseases are rare causes of neck pain. Most cases involve neck pain of unknown origin or a whiplash-associated disorder. Neck pain is common in the general community and more common in certain occupations. The natural history is relatively benign, but some 10% of patients will suffer chronic, severe symptoms. Psychosocial factors have been refuted as risk factors; the cardinal risk factors relate to occupation. In whiplash, the severity of initial symptoms is the cardinal determinant of chronicity. History is the major factor when considering diagnosis, physical examination adding little to the diagnosis. Imaging is not indicated in the vast majority of cases. The available evidence does not support most of the physical, medical and surgical therapies currently practised. Confident reassurance is paramount and justified for acute cases. Proven options for chronic neck pain are few.","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"33 1","pages":"261-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87728143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
4 Animal models and in vitro models for the study of aetiopathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies 4脊椎关节病的动物模型及体外模型研究
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80040-X
MD, PhD Maxime Breban (Assistant Professor)
{"title":"4 Animal models and in vitro models for the study of aetiopathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies","authors":"MD, PhD Maxime Breban (Assistant Professor)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80040-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80040-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among several animal models, HLA-B27 transgenic rodents proved useful for investigating the interplay between genetic factors and the bacterial environment in the aetiopathogenesis of the spondyloarthropathies (SpA). HLA-B27 transgenic rats spontaneously develop a multisystemic inflammatory disease resembling human SpA. This disease is dependent on the presence of a normal bacterial flora and implicates the immune system. The presence of both T cells and antigen-presenting cells expressing high levels of HLA-B27 seems of critical importance in its pathogenesis. HLA-B27 transgenic mice also develop arthritis, under the influence of the bacterial flora. In both types of model, CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells seem not to be necessary, arguing against the ‘arthritogenic peptide’ hypothesis. In vitro models have been used to study the immune response against bacterial agents and the role of HLA-B27 in human SpA. It appears that an impaired immune response against bacteria could be involved in the triggering of human SpA. HLA-B27 could be implicated at the level of interaction between host cells and bacteria in the driving of a specific immune response against bacterial antigens or as a target of an autoimmune response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 611-626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80040-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20834447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
10 Spondylarthropathy treatment: progress in medical treatment, physical therapy and rehabilitation 10脊椎关节病的治疗:医学治疗、物理治疗和康复的进展
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80046-0
MD Maxime Dougados (Professor of Rheumatology), MD Michel Revel (Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine), MD Muhammad Asim Khan (Professor of Medicine)
{"title":"10 Spondylarthropathy treatment: progress in medical treatment, physical therapy and rehabilitation","authors":"MD Maxime Dougados (Professor of Rheumatology),&nbsp;MD Michel Revel (Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine),&nbsp;MD Muhammad Asim Khan (Professor of Medicine)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80046-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80046-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The monitoring and treatment of the diseases belonging to the concept of spondylarthropathy are related more to their clinical presentation, for example axial versus peripheral involvement, than to the precise diagnosis, for example, ankylosing spondylitis versus psorìatic arthritis. For each clinical presentation the treatment comprises local and systemic routes of administration but also drug and non-drug therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 717-736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80046-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20833097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
8 Measures of outcome in ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritides 强直性脊柱炎和其他脊椎关节炎预后的测量
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80044-7
MD, PhD D.M.F.M. van der Heijde (Associate Professor of Rheumatology), MD, PhD Sj. van der Linden (Professor of Rheumatology)
{"title":"8 Measures of outcome in ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritides","authors":"MD, PhD D.M.F.M. van der Heijde (Associate Professor of Rheumatology),&nbsp;MD, PhD Sj. van der Linden (Professor of Rheumatology)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80044-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80044-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This chapter describes core sets that can be used in the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthritides. Various core sets are described for the evaluation of disease-controlling antirheumatic therapy, symptom-modifying antirheumatic drugs and physical therapy, or for use in clinical record keeping. These core sets describe domains and also give advice on specific instruments. The value of spinal mobility and acute-phase reactants in the assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in AS are described in more detail. The available radiological scoring methods are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 683-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80044-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20834451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
2 The immunogenetics of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies 2血清阴性脊椎病的免疫遗传学
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80038-1
MD Wadea Al-Khonizy (Fellow in Rheumatology), MD John D. Reveille (George S. Bruce Jr Professor in Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases)
{"title":"2 The immunogenetics of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies","authors":"MD Wadea Al-Khonizy (Fellow in Rheumatology),&nbsp;MD John D. Reveille (George S. Bruce Jr Professor in Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80038-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80038-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In none of the rheumatic diseases has the genetic contribution to pathogenesis been so well characterized as in the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Most important has been the elucidation of the structure and effect on disease expression of HLA-B27, where 11 subtypes have been distinguished to date. These vary in frequency in different ethnic groups and seem to show differential disease associations. The high frequency of this gene in patients with the seronegative spondyloarthropathies, especially ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Reiter's syndrome (RS)/reactive arthritis (ReA), has emerged as probably the best example of a disease association with a hereditary marker. Other HLA genes, in addition to HLA-B27, have been implicated in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. These include those from the HLA-C locus and from HLA-DR. In addition, recent family studies have implicated other genes outside the MHC that further enhance the susceptibility to AS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 567-588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80038-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20833821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
3 Aetiological agents: their molecular biology and phagocyte-host interaction 病原:分子生物学和吞噬细胞-宿主相互作用
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80039-3
MD Lars Koehler (Clinical and Research Fellow), MD, PhD Henning Zeidler (Professor of Rheumatology and Head of Department), PhD Alan P. Hudson (Associate Professor)
{"title":"3 Aetiological agents: their molecular biology and phagocyte-host interaction","authors":"MD Lars Koehler (Clinical and Research Fellow),&nbsp;MD, PhD Henning Zeidler (Professor of Rheumatology and Head of Department),&nbsp;PhD Alan P. Hudson (Associate Professor)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80039-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80039-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inflammatory joint disease can develop following an extra-articular infection. The term reactive arthritis was coined in order to differentiate this arthritis, which is often characterized by lack of culturable organisms in the joint, from septic arthritides. Bacteria known to trigger reactive arthritis include <em>Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella</em> and <em>Yersinia</em>. Demonstration of bacteria or bacterial macromolecules in the joint has elicited the idea that reactive arthritis is a sterile process induced and maintained by antigenic material in the synovium. Continued synthesis of antigens to maintain synovial inflammation probably requires establishment of persistent bacterial infection in the joint, or at the primary site of infection. In the case of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em>, viable, metabolically-active organisms have been demonstrated to exist for extended periods in the joints of patients with reactive arthritis. In this chapter, we review the aetiological agents, and their molecular biology and phagocyte-host interactions, that are involved in reactive arthritis and spondylarthropathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 589-609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80039-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20833822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
6 The spectrum of skin, mucosa and other extra-articular manifestations 6皮肤、黏膜及其他关节外表现谱
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80042-3
MD Juan Angulo (Professor of Medicine) , MD Luis R. Espinoza (Professor and Chief)
{"title":"6 The spectrum of skin, mucosa and other extra-articular manifestations","authors":"MD Juan Angulo (Professor of Medicine) ,&nbsp;MD Luis R. Espinoza (Professor and Chief)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80042-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80042-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seronegative spondyloarthropathies appear to be the genetically predisposed host's clinical expression to acute, subacute or chronic reaction to the invasion by environmental microorganisms. In the ensuing days or weeks, depending on the infectious load, clinical manifestations may occur ranging from constitutional complaints such as fever, to a variety of symptoms and/or signs related to the portal of entry—intestinal, genitourinary or respiratory. Within weeks or months, the initial or other target organs, such as the mucocutaneous, ocular and cardiovascular systems, may develop an acute reaction of greater or lesser specificity regarding the triggering agent (oral ulcers, circinate balanitis, erythema nodosum, acute anterior uveitis, pericarditis, heart blocks). Lastly, many years later, a minority of patients, probably those with a large genetic component, exhibit a spectrum of clinical manifestations related to those organs, with a chronic or recurrent course. Acute clinical manifestations—reactive arthritis—are prominent in the initial phase of the clinical spectrum, while chronic manifestations—ankylosing spondylitis—are seen at the other end of the spectrum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 649-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80042-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20834449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
7 Enthesiopathy: clinical manifestations, imaging and treatment 7 .淋巴结病:临床表现、影像学及治疗
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80043-5
MD Ignazio Olivieri (Senior Investigator, Rheumatic Disease Unit), MD Libero Barozzi (Senior Investigator, Department of Diagnostic Radiology), MD Angela Padula (Research Fellow, Rheumatic Disease Unit)
{"title":"7 Enthesiopathy: clinical manifestations, imaging and treatment","authors":"MD Ignazio Olivieri (Senior Investigator, Rheumatic Disease Unit),&nbsp;MD Libero Barozzi (Senior Investigator, Department of Diagnostic Radiology),&nbsp;MD Angela Padula (Research Fellow, Rheumatic Disease Unit)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80043-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80043-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enthesitis is a distinctive pathological feature of spondyloarthropathy and may involve synovial joints, cartilaginous joints, syndesmoses and extra-articular entheses. This review focuses on peripheral extra-articular enthesitis which is a clinical hallmark of spondyloarthropathy. The entheses of the lower limbs are more frequently involved than those of the upper limbs, and heel enthesitis is the most frequent. Entheseal pain may be mild or moderate as well as severe and disabling. Peripheral enthesitis may be observed in all forms of spondyloarthropathy, including the undifferentiated ones, and may for a long time be the only long-standing clinical manifestation of the B27-associated disease process. Various imaging methods have been suggested for studying peripheral enthesitis. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most useful because they may show alterations of the structures involved. Therapy of peripheral enthesitis consists of NSAIDs, orthoses and physical therapy. Steroid injections, second line drugs such as sulphasalazine and radiotherapy are reserved for more severe cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 665-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80043-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20834450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 62
1 The spondylarthropathies: classification and diagnosis. Do we need new terminologies? 颈椎病的分类与诊断。我们需要新的术语吗?
Bailliere's clinical rheumatology Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80037-X
MD H. Ralph Schumacher (Professor of Medicine) , MD Thomas Bardin (Professor of Rheumatology)
{"title":"1 The spondylarthropathies: classification and diagnosis. Do we need new terminologies?","authors":"MD H. Ralph Schumacher (Professor of Medicine) ,&nbsp;MD Thomas Bardin (Professor of Rheumatology)","doi":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80037-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80037-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present classification of a number of arthropathies linked to the B27 antigen under the term spondylarthropathy emphasises the frequent familial aggregation and clustering during follow-up of these diseases. This article is an attempt to review the progress elicited by the introduction of classification criteria for spondyl-arthropathy and the limitations of the concept. In particular, we address the continued need for better understanding of aetiology and pathogenesis. This makes it likely that we will need new classifications in the future and that this will evolve along with improvements in disease understanding. Working classifications that include the infectious triggers and features of the host response might be useful to guide new approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77032,"journal":{"name":"Bailliere's clinical rheumatology","volume":"12 4","pages":"Pages 551-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0950-3579(98)80037-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20834606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
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