African Vision and Eye Health最新文献

{"title":"Erratum: The impact of presbyopia on the quality of life in a semi-urban community in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"V. O. Fafiolu, H. Ajibode, O. Onabolu, Omodele O. Jagun, O. Bodunde, T. Otulana","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.696","url":null,"abstract":"No abstract available.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79458454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of ocular perfusion pressure and retinal thickness: A case for the role of systemic hypotension in glaucoma","authors":"Naazia Vawda, A. Munsamy","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.630","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) is defined as blood pressure (BP) minus intraocular pressure (IOP). Low OPP may result in decreased ocular blood flow (OBF) and oxygen to the optic nerve head (ONH) and retina.Aim: To review the role of systemic hypotension and similar conditions in OPP and its influence on retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and the ganglion cell complex (GCC).Method: A literature search was conducted using the following search terms: ‘systemic hypotension’; ‘glaucoma’; ‘retinal nerve fibre layer’; ‘optic nerve’; ‘ocular blood flow’ and ‘ocular perfusion pressure’.Results: The Los Angeles Eye Study and Barbados Eye Study found that decreased OPP and BP increased the risk of glaucoma development by up to six times. Reduced retinal perfusion with resultant thinning of the RNFL in conditions with a similar mechanism, such as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, has indicated the importance of reduced OPP in retinal thickness. In the absence of any study directly showing the effect of systemic hypotension on OPP and retinal thickness, a working hypothesis proposes that reduced BP with or without normal-to-raised IOP will reduce OPP. The reduced OPP and OBF in those with systemic hypotension may result in oxidative stress and hypoxia which may then cause retinal ganglion cell death and the resultant retinal thinning.Conclusion: The increased risk of glaucoma development and progression relating to decreased BP and OPP has been proven to be of importance. Monitoring patients with systemic hypotension and evaluating the macula, ONH RNFL and GCC thickness may alert clinicians to possible glaucomatous changes.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81400816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of phoropter and trial frame-based von Graefe heterophoria measures in non-presbyopic participants","authors":"Annah L. Tsotetsi, S. D. Mathebula","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.645","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are several clinical techniques for the subjective measurement of heterophoria. In South Africa, von Graefe (VG) is a commonly used technique to quantify heterophoria using the phoropter.Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the agreement of VG heterophoria measurement using the phoropter and a trial frame.Setting: The study was conducted at an Optometry Clinic, University of Limpopo, South Africa.Methods: Both distance and near horizontal and vertical heterophoria VG measurements were performed on 88 visually-normal university students using the phoropter and trial frame. The handheld rotary prism was used on the trial frame. The 95% limits of agreement in prism diopters were compared using the Bland-Altman statistical test.Results: For distance horizontal heterophoria, the VG means were 0.39 exophoria ± 2.0Δ and 0.38 exophoria ± 1.8Δ with the phoropter and trial frame respectively. The means for near horizontal heterophoria were 3.69 exophoria ± 3.3Δ and 4.13 exophoria ± 3.27Δ with the phoropter and trial frame. For the vertical heterophoria at distance, the means and standard deviations were 0.18 hyperphoria ± 0.74 and 0.13 hyperphoria ± 0.07Δ, while at near vision they were 0.03 hyperphoria ± 0.71 and 0.07 hyperphoria ± 0.71Δ, respectively.Conclusion: Measurement of VG heterophoria testing using the phoropter and trial frame showed a high level of agreement for both distance and near vision performed through the phoropter and a trial frame. For clinical and research purposes, the phoropter and trial frame can be used interchangeably for measuring heterophoria.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81363911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and practices of teachers about child eye healthcare in the public sector in Swaziland","authors":"V. Sukati, Kathutshelo P. Mashige, V. Moodley","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.613","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vision-related problems have a negative impact on the learning abilities and school performance of a child. Adequate knowledge and practices of teachers enable the early identification and intervention of school children with visual deficits.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practices of teachers about child eye healthcare in the public education system in Swaziland.Setting: The setting for this study was Swaziland.Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study using a survey instrument containing closed-ended questions to investigate the knowledge and practices of teachers about child eye health in the public sector.Results: Two hundred and forty-three (N = 243) teachers responded to the questionnaire. The majority (90.1%) of teachers indicated that they were able to detect signs and symptoms of eye diseases. Most teachers without a family member wearing spectacles were more likely to be informed about eye health (p = 0.001) than those who had family wearing spectacles. A significant proportion (44%) of teachers indicated that refractive errors were not serious among school children. Above one-third (38.7%) of the teachers indicated that they referred children with vision problems to public hospitals. One hundred and fifty-five (63.8%) reported that health officials have never visited their schools. One hundred and forty-nine (61.3%) teachers agreed that they did not monitor children wearing spectacles and 94 (38.7%) monitored them. Monitoring children wearing spectacles was significantly associated with teachers who indicated being well informed about eye health (p 0.001) and teachers who were more likely to advise parents to take their children for eye testing (p = 0.003).Conclusion: The lack of adequate knowledge by some teachers may contribute to the already existing barriers for children to access eye health. Addressing the broader issues of child eye health requires the participation of well-trained and knowledgeable teachers.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"1160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86476489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of optometry students at a higher education institution: A case study","authors":"Yusuf Simjee, Zothile Mncwabe, Keihara Sindhrajh, Rabia Khan, Maseeha Seedat, Letiwe Xulu, Sibahle Zondi, N. Rampersad","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.652","url":null,"abstract":"Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak poses serious threats to the physical and mental health of individuals worldwide. The lockdown strategy and social distancing regulations adopted in South Africa have disrupted the day-to-day life activities of all people including students. Aim To explore the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of optometry students at a higher education institution. Setting The study population included optometry students currently registered at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, in Durban, South Africa. Methods The study adopted a case study research design and used an online questionnaire and follow-up interviews to collect data. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire that assesses depression, anxiety and stress subscales was used. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The interview data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Results A total of 147 participants responded to the online questionnaire and consisted of majority black people (n = 98), female (n = 114) and second year (n = 58) students. The majority of the participants had normal scores for depression (n = 97), anxiety (n = 79) and stress (n = 107). Only a few participants had scores indicating severe or extremely severe depression (n = 13), anxiety (n = 23) and stress (n = 5). Follow-up interviews were conducted with 10 participants and of these, seven reported that COVID-19 had a negative impact on their ability to concentrate and they felt anxious about examining patients. Factors such as stigma and judgment were perceived as hindrances to seeking mental health help. Conclusion Most participants had normal scores for depression, anxiety and stress; however, some participants presented with abnormal scores. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health should be highlighted and higher education authorities should plan and provide appropriate services to improve the quality of life of affected students.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89103944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular manifestations of HIV and AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary hospital in South Africa","authors":"Prisilla S. Makunyane, S. D. Mathebula","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.610","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) causes impairment to the immune system, which then leads to immunocompromised conditions, and allows for opportunistic infection to invade many organs of the human body. Ocular involvement is very common; the various ocular complications may be asymptomatic and they may be the initial manifestations of the underlying diseases.Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the type of ocular manifestations that occur in HIV and AIDS patients.Setting: The study was conducted on ART (antiretroviral treatment) clinic patients in the Department of Ophthalmology at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV and AIDS patients referred from the ART clinic for complete ophthalmological evaluation, irrespective of the immune system status and presence or absence of symptoms. All the participants underwent an ophthalmologic evaluation, which included case history and ocular examinations of both anterior and posterior segments.Results: Out of the 177 participants, 72.3% had visual acuity of between 6/3 to 6/18, 10% had poor vision, 7% had lost one eye to ocular complications and 5% were blind. The most common anterior segment manifestations were uveitis and dry eye, whilst HIV-related retinopathy and papilledema were the most prevalent conditions in the posterior segment. Only three participants had third cranial nerve palsy.Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular manifestations was significantly higher with lower CD4+ cell counts, which could be regarded as predictors for the occurrence of ocular morbidity in HIV and AIDS patients.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86733472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between central corneal power, axial length, anterior chamber depth and central corneal thickness of near-emmetropic young university students in Palestine","authors":"Mohammed A. Aljarousha, Ansam A. Daqa, Fatma Qanan, Haya Murtaja, Nadeen Baraka","doi":"10.4102/aveh.v80i1.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.571","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Researchers have found that the refractive states of the eye are influenced by a variety of variables. Aim: This study investigated the correlation between the central corneal power (CCP) and a number of variables, which include axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and the central corneal thickness (CCT) in near-emmetropic eyes of students. Setting: The study was conducted in the Optometry Laboratory of the Islamic University-Gaza (IUG), Palestine. Methods: In a prospective analysis, 200 near-emmetropic students were examined from February 2019 to May 2019 with an ultrasound scanner (A-scan), ultrasonic pachymeter and Visionix L79 automated refractometer Keratometer (ARK). Only the data of one eye were randomly chosen for investigation. Results: The means and standard deviations (s.d.) of the CCP, AL, ACD and CCT for male students ( n = 97) were 43.19 dioptre (D) ± 1.34 D, 23.54 mm ± 0.68 mm, 3.59 mm ± 0.26 mm and 549 µm ± 33 µm, respectively. Furthermore, the means ± s.d. of 103 female students were as follows: CCP 43.85 D ± 1.43 D, AL 22.94 mm ± 0.69 mm, ACD 3.35 mm ± 0.25 mm and CCT 543 µm ± 35 µm. There was a significant association between CCP and gender ( p = 0.00). There was a negative significant correlation between CCP and AL for both the male ( r = −0.64; p = 0.00) and the female ( r = −0.71, p = 0.00) participants. Conclusion: This study provided information on CCP, AL, ACD and CCT in near-emmetropic eyes of adults. In male students, CCP was flatter and AL was longer when compared with female Palestinian students.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76323443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rwanda National Blindness Survey: Trends and use of the evidence to change practice and policy","authors":"Wanjiku Mathenge, Tessa Hillgrove, Egide Gisagara, P. Uwaliraye, Olivia M Hess, E. Byamukama, A. Intili, Alex Nyemazi, John Nkurikiye","doi":"10.4102/AVEH.V80I1.576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/AVEH.V80I1.576","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In order to gather evidence to guide eye care policy changes in Rwanda, a national population-based blindness and visual impairment survey was undertaken in 2015. Aim: To influence and direct policy changes using blindness survey findings. Setting: Nationwide sampling. Methods: Standard Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey methodology was used across to examine 5065 (97.5% response rate) people aged 50 years and older. This is a case report of how the government used the evidence from the survey. Results: The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of blindness was 1.1% (0.7–1.4) of which 83.9% was avoidable, with cataract being the major cause. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of visual impairment at the 6/18 level is 4.4% (3.7–5.1), with refractive errors and cataract being the major causes. The prevalence of all refractive errors was 4.3%, the majority of which was uncorrected. The cataract surgical coverage (CSC) was 68.4%, with 45.4% of surgeries performed at the secondary level. Difficulty in reaching surgical facilities (33.3%) was the main barrier to surgery. These results informed policy changes aimed towards an increase in the number of cataract surgeons, the volume of cataract surgery performed and broader spectacle provision. Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness in Rwanda is low compared to the previous estimates, although a considerable proportion is avoidable and the majority of refractive errors were uncorrected. The CSC and surgical outcomes are improving. The government, informed by this evidence, has introduced targeted initiatives to improve eye-care delivery in Rwanda.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80280395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of David Elliot’s clinical procedures in primary eye care","authors":"A. Rubin","doi":"10.4102/AVEH.V80I1.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/AVEH.V80I1.670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82647390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Dariyah, a rural community in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Waleed M. Alghamdi, Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo","doi":"10.4102/AVEH.V80I1.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/AVEH.V80I1.579","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Visual impairment is disproportionately distributed between rural and urban dwellers. Rural dwellers have limited access to the eye care services that are available in urban cities. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in Dariyah, a rural community in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Setting: This research comprised a population-based assessment of the vision and visual status of the inhabitants of Dariyah community. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted amongst the inhabitants of the community of Dariyah. A comprehensive eye examination consisting of visual acuity, ocular health examination, objective and subjective refraction was performed. The examinations were conducted by registered ophthalmologists and optometrists from the Qassim University. Vision impairments were categorised according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Section 9D90, ‘Vision impairment including blindness’ (2018). Results: In all, 68 (24.5%) participants had vision impairment (using the better-seeing eye), with refractive errors being the main cause of vision impairment. Other causes of vision impairment included cataract (20, 7.2%), trichiasis (5, 1.8%) and glaucoma (2, 0.7%). Refractive errors were present in 193 (69.7%), with astigmatism being the commonest refractive error. About 60% of those with refractive errors presented without spectacles for correction, and 20% reported that they had never had an eye examination. Refractive errors could not be determined in 19 (6.9%) of the subjects because of conditions such as matured cataract and other ocular abnormalities. Conclusion: Uncorrected refractive error was found to be the leading cause of vision impairment in this rural community in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":7694,"journal":{"name":"African Vision and Eye Health","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74601367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}