Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences最新文献

The Zoonotic Aspect of Toxoplasma Gondii in Human and Animals: A Review 弓形虫在人类和动物中的人畜共患问题：综述

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.1

Suha T. Al-Biatee

{"title":"The Zoonotic Aspect of Toxoplasma Gondii in Human and Animals: A Review","authors":"Suha T. Al-Biatee","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis is caused by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which may infect any nucleated cell in mammals. This parasite infects over two billion individuals worldwide, and while only a tiny fraction of infected persons may develop significant disease, the parasite's ubiquity makes it one of the most highly dangerous zoonotic infections in the world. This disease can cause serious encephalitis in immunocompromised persons, miscarriage or congenital malformations in the newborns if infected during pregnancy, and significant ocular illness even in immunocompetent people. The illness has a complicated aetiology, as it is caused by ingesting oocysts shed in the faeces of definitive feline hosts that pollute water. In this review we demonstrated the current insight into the zoonotic aspect of toxoplasmosis in humans, and animals providing a complete discussion of the environmental mechanisms via which T. gondii oocysts, and tissue cysts might infect animals and humans, such as contaminated foods, water, animals’ meat or soil. This review also included mode of transmission and preventative strategies outlining fundamental control measures for lowering the threat of oocyst direct contact, as well as chances for future collaboration and new studies possibilities targeting reducing oocysts load and tissue cyst-borne toxoplasmosis in people, farm and wild animals. Conclusively, the infection occurs in both humans and animals, causing abortion in women and serious economic losses in animals. Transmitted to humans horizontally by ingestion of food and water contaminated by oocysts, also meat of infected farm animals or vertically through the placenta. Cats get infected through ingestion of intermediate host-containing tissue cysts. Heating, salting, freezing and radiation are the main ways enforced to reduce tissue cyst burden in animal meat used for human consumption","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Gene Phylogeny of Brucella Melitensis in Milk Samples of Ewes in Kalar District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region 伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区卡拉尔区母羊牛奶样本中布鲁氏菌的单基因系统发育

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.6

Hiwa Yassin Essa, Suha Ali Hussein.

{"title":"Single-Gene Phylogeny of Brucella Melitensis in Milk Samples of Ewes in Kalar District, Iraqi Kurdistan Region","authors":"Hiwa Yassin Essa, Suha Ali Hussein.","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the frequency rate of ovine brucellosis in Kalar district, Iraqi Kurdistan Region and to identify Brucella species in the milk of seropositive ewes via DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Blood samples were collected from 300 ewes and subjected to the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), and milk samples of the seropositive animals were collected and underwent a PCR assay using genus- and species-specific primers. Eventually, the positive PCR products were processed for nucleotide sequencing and single-gene phylogenetic analyses. The RBPT revealed a high percentage (11.33%) of seropositive ewes (34 out of 300), and the PCR assay revealed 35.3% (12/34) Brucella genus-positive DNA templates. At the species level, 58.3% (7/12) of templates were positive for the melitensis-specific primers and negative for the abortus and ovis-specific primers, whereas the other five were negative for all species-specific primers used in this study (abortus, melitensis and ovis). The nucleotides sequence of Brucella strains detected in this study showed a 99-100% homology with eight GenBank-published B. melitensis strains, and the single gene phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between these strains and the B. melitensis biovar 3 strain NI, China. The high percentage of seropositive ewes showed that brucellosis represents a major obstacle to the animals’ production improvement and a major risk to public health in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region and the single gene phylogenetic analysis confirms its transboundary spread and attracts attention for more strict control programs.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Follicular Size on Oocyte Recovery Rate and in Vitro Embryo Production Stages in Local Iraqi Sheep 卵泡大小对当地伊拉克绵羊卵母细胞恢复率和体外胚胎生产阶段的影响

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.7

Mustafa Ghassan Sulaiman, Abdul Sattar Faraj.

{"title":"Role of Follicular Size on Oocyte Recovery Rate and in Vitro Embryo Production Stages in Local Iraqi Sheep","authors":"Mustafa Ghassan Sulaiman, Abdul Sattar Faraj.","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro embryo production (IVEP) encompasses a series of three basic steps, namely in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and in vitro embryo culture. IVEP approach has shown to be a valuable tool in advancing our comprehension of early mammalian development and expediting genetic enhancement in livestock. The aim of this research was to compare the impact of small and large follicles on the total number of oocytes recovered through the IVEP process. Therefore, 305 Ewe genitalia were collected at the Al-Fallujah abattoir in the Al-Anbar province. The follicles were identified, and their diameter was measured using an automated vernier calliper. Subsequently, the oocytes were classified into three distinct groups, namely excellent (A), acceptable (B), and poor (C). The results of the maturation rate of large follicles were 43.9% (51/116) and small follicles 30.7% (20/65). There was a statistical difference in maturation rate (p<0.05). The fertilization rate of matured oocytes collected from large follicles was 60.7% (31/51) and 50% (10/20) from small follicles. There was no statistical difference. The results of Blastocyst production rate. showed a higher percentage 58.06 (18/31) of Blastocyst produced from large follicles as compared a percentage of 30% (3/10) of Blastocyst production from small follicles. There was a statistical difference (P<0.05). It was concluded from the current study that the size of the follicle has an effect on IVM, IVF and IVC.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation between BMPR1B Gene Polymorphism and some Reproductive Traits in Awassi Sheep 阿瓦西绵羊 BMPR1B 基因多态性与某些生殖特征的相关性

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.12

A. H. Essa, T. Mohammed, N. N. Al-Anbari

{"title":"Correlation between BMPR1B Gene Polymorphism and some Reproductive Traits in Awassi Sheep","authors":"A. H. Essa, T. Mohammed, N. N. Al-Anbari","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.12","url":null,"abstract":"The (BMPR-1B) gene is one of the main genes for ewe fertility. This study was conducted to check the association between BMPR-IB gene polymorphisms and some traits of Awassi. This study was made in Anbar Governorate - (Agricultural Research Department) Al-Dawar. Date of experience collected from 34 ewes at the age of 4-6 years. Next, DNA was extracted and a PCR reaction was performed to amplify blood samples taken from the ewes to confirm the presence of the BMPR1B gene. The sequence was determined using Sanger sequencing technology. The data were then analyzed and compared between sample sequences to determine SNPs, genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, and their association with reproductive and growth traits. The results showed mutations in the heteroplasmy site rs410310346 (T>C) and rs592447725 (G>A). The results indicated that the TC genotype at the mutation site rs410310346 (T>C) was significantly superior (P≤0.05) in ewes whose rates of fertility and body length were higher compared to the CC genotype. The genotypes haven’t got an important effect on the proportion of twins, fertility rate, chest circumference, front height, ewe birth weight, and lamb weight at birth. The relationship of genotype GG and GA at the mutation site rs592447725 (G > A) showed a very significant effect (P≤0.01) on the percentage fertility rate and a noteworthy result (P≤0.05) on body length, height at the front and birth weight of lambs, but there isn’t a big impact. In the percentage of twins, fertility rate, chest circumference, and birth weight of ewes. Therefore, the effect of the BMPR1B gene can be used as a genetic marker to select ewes with good genotypes to improve herd performance.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Association between Free Radicals and the Ovarian Functions: A Review 自由基与卵巢功能的关系：综述

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.2

S. Abed, Husam Hadi Jasim, M. Shahooth, Mustafa A. Saud

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic Analysis and Certain Risk Factors of Chlamydia Abortus in Ewes in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq 伊拉克尼尼微省母羊流产衣原体的系统发育分析和某些风险因素

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.3

Y. A. Rhawy, Osamah Al-Iraqi.

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis and Certain Risk Factors of Chlamydia Abortus in Ewes in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Y. A. Rhawy, Osamah Al-Iraqi.","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative organism that causes abortion, or \"enzootic abortion of ewes\", which is characterized by causing economic loss in sheep breeding. Chlamydia abortus spread could be stopped, and monitoring efforts could be more successful by gathering data on the condition of the disease. This ground-breaking study focused on the phylogenetic analysis and certain risk factors of Chlamydia abortus in ewes in Nineveh governorate, Iraq. 52 placenta samples were collected, representing 52 flocks (8660 ewes) who suffered from abortion in various Nineveh provincial locations between August 2022 and January 2023. Two local sequences were submitted to GenBank and assigned the accession numbers OR334580 and OR334581. The Chlamydia abortus 16S rRNA sequences were analyzed using the GenomeNet multiple sequence alignment tool (CLUSTALW), an online resource. After that, the sequences were compared to other Chlamydia abortus sequences that were accessible in the GenBank using NCBI BLAST (BLASTn) of NCBI. The Tamura-Nei model in the MEGA11 software program was used to create the phylogenetic trees. Results indicate that 15.38% (8/52) of the ewes had positive results for Chlamydia abortus, which was significantly affected by the increase in herd size and interspecies farming. Two sequences were put through individual sequence analysis, which revealed new Chlamydia abortus sequences, which were recorded for the first time in the governorate of Nineveh. We concluded that a higher risk of infection occurs in farms that contain more than 100 ewes and are mixed with other species of animals.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of injections vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 (without omega -3) on the growth performance and some physiological characteristics of local Iraqi female lambs 注射维生素 A、E、D3（补充欧米伽 3）和维生素 A、E、D3（不补充欧米伽 -3）对伊拉克当地雌性羔羊生长性能和某些生理特征的影响

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.9

T.R. Mohammed,, Baraa. H. A,, M. Shareef

{"title":"The effect of injections vitamins A, E, D3 supplemented with omega3 and vitamins A, E, D3 (without omega -3) on the growth performance and some physiological characteristics of local Iraqi female lambs","authors":"T.R. Mohammed,, Baraa. H. A,, M. Shareef","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"In the animal field belonging to the animal production department/ faculty of Agriculture / University of Anbar/ Ramadi, this experiment was conducted from the fifteenth of December/ 2021 to the fifteenth of February/ 2022. In this experiment, twelve female Iraqi Awassi lambs with an average body weight of 16.737 kg and ages ranging from 90±7 days were used. Three groups, each with four lambs, were randomly selected from among the experimental animals. As the control group, the first group (T1) had not acquired any treatment at all. The second group (T2) acquired intramuscular injections of vitamins A, D3, and E of 1.5 ml supported with omega-3 of 1.5 ml and the 3rd group (T3) acquired intramuscular injections of the same vitamins, six times with a fifteen-day gap between each injection. The animals were nourished on concentrated diet consisting of 1.5% BW (mixture of barley grains and wheat bran) water, minerals bloke supplement, and alfalfa hay had given adliptum. The result of the experiment showed that T2 had significantly increased (P≤0.05) compared with T1 in the second period (p2) in an average life body weight. T2 was significantly superior (P≤0.01) compared with T1 and T3 at p2 in chest girth, estrogen hormone and white blood cell (WBC), while T2 was significantly superior (P≤0.05) compared with T1 in red blood cell (RBC) at third period (P3), whilst T1 and T2 had significantly superior (P≤0.01) as compared with T3 at P2 in haemoglobin concentration.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and Molecular Confirmation of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis in Various Locations of Tamil Nadu, India 从印度泰米尔纳德邦不同地区的牛乳腺炎中分离和分子确证金黄色葡萄球菌

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.4

Saranraj P,, N. R, Nandhini D,, Yuvalakshmi L.

{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Confirmation of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis in Various Locations of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Saranraj P,, N. R, Nandhini D,, Yuvalakshmi L.","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This present investigation was done for the Isolation and Molecular confirmation of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine mastitis-infected cows in various Tamil Nadu, India locations. Two hundred milk samples, ranging from 15 to 20 ml, were collected aseptically from cows in farms in and around Tamil Nadu and surrounding areas after discarding the first few streaks of milk from 2021 to 2023. We used the CMT test to check the milk samples. Following a thorough mixing of the milk samples delivered to the laboratory, one loop containing the infected milk sample was plated on Nutrient agar and incubated at 37 ˚C for 18 to 24 hours. To identify the Staphylococcus aureus, the isolated bacterial colonies were preliminarily identified by Microscopic examination (Gram staining and Motility test), Plating in Selective medium (Mannitol Salt Agar) and Biochemical tests. The DNA of the bacteria was extracted and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was done to detect the presence of the nuc gene. Of the 200 milk samples obtained from nursing cows, 37.5 % were from Mastitis-positive animals; of these, 61.3 % were in the sub-clinical stage, while 38.7 % were in the clinical stage. Only 33 (16.5 %) of the 200 milk samples tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 26 out of 75 animals (34.7 %) with Mastitis, and 7 out of 125 animals (5.6 %) without Mastitis. Fifteen (57.7 %) of the twenty-six Staphylococcus aureus isolates found in cows with mastitis were from clinical cases, whereas eleven (42.3%) were from sub-clinical cases. All of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates examined contained the 279 bp nuc gene, according to the conventional PCR findings. In conclusion, the research has shown that sub-clinical mastitis is more common than clinical mastitis and that Staphylococcus aureus was substantially more often isolated from mastitis milk, particularly in clinical instances.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Novel Antimicrobial Therapies for Treating Staphylococcus Infections in Wistar Rats 新型抗菌疗法治疗 Wistar 大鼠葡萄球菌感染的功效

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.5

Noman D. Salih.

{"title":"Efficacy of Novel Antimicrobial Therapies for Treating Staphylococcus Infections in Wistar Rats","authors":"Noman D. Salih.","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2024.17.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The novel semisynthetic lipoglycopeptide dalbavancin has enhanced antibacterial action against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dalbavancin in treating Staphylococcus Infections in Wistar Rats. Anaesthetized wistar rats had a Kirschner-wire and a clinical MRSA isolate placed into their proximal tibia. Twenty animals were given dalbavancin (20 mg/kg loading dose) throughout the course of four weeks after infection, or they were left untreated. Microbiological analysis was performed on tibial bones and Kirschner-wires twenty-four hours after the last treatment dosage. As opposed to control group, dalbavancin treated group showed improvement in quantitative bacterial cultures of osseous tissue. After four weeks of treatment with dalbavancin, there was no sign of an induced glycopeptide-/lipoglycopeptide-resistant strain. In conclusion, in a rat study, dalbavancin effectively treated experimental implant-related MRSA osteomyelitis. The therapeutic effectiveness of dalbavancin in treating S. aureus infections needs more investigation; ideally, it should be studied in conjunction with biofilm active medicines.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141337182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging of Hyalomma Species Infestations on Animal in Different Region of Iraq: A Review 伊拉克不同地区新出现的 Hyalomma 物种对动物的侵扰：综述

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.1

Howaida Abed, A. Alhaboubi

{"title":"Emerging of Hyalomma Species Infestations on Animal in Different Region of Iraq: A Review","authors":"Howaida Abed, A. Alhaboubi","doi":"10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37940/ajvs.2023.16.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This review article aims to cover some published research of the ticks of the genus Hyalomma which is endemic in Iraq, and known of its direct and indirect impact on both humans and animals. About 13 species of the ixodid tick of two genera Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma are recorded in Iraq that transmits a wide range of etiological agents. Being a multi-host species, ticks are considered the major challenge for enhancing livestock health and productivity especially around in development countries. The Hyalomma spp. assign of their veterinary significance as the high ability for transmit haemoprotozoan parasite of Babesia and thieleria species. The manuscript cover some regional and local medical studies of tick borne diseases (TBD) caused by either viruses or bacteria, that impact human which receintilly gained additional attention. Various confirmed cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in 2022 over governorates in the southern of Iraq mainly, Dhi Qar and Maysan, which is considered the largest outbreak recorded since the disease was first reported forty years ago. The diagnosis and identification of ticks usually, depend on the morphological characterizations however, Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) found to be more accurate for identifying a variety of tick genera and species. The use of chemical acaricides is the fundamental strategy of ticks control, however, this traditional method started to be ineffective and switched to alternative tick control after the successful development of vaccines against cattle tick.","PeriodicalId":7678,"journal":{"name":"Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138590169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0