Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science最新文献

{"title":"Evidence of Adaptation of Little Bluestem to the Local Environment of Central Kansas","authors":"Terra K. Lubin, P. Lucas, P. Schultz, H. M. Alexander, J. Bever","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Little bluestem is a North American grass species found in native prairie remnants which is used for range, pasture, CRP, and restoration planting. In this study we asked whether the distance between planting site and seed source influenced the growth and survival of little bluestem. In a collaborative project with high school teachers and students, we planted seed at 2 sites in central Kansas, from 7 sources ranging from 6.9 to 814 km distant from the planting sites. We found that our measures of fitness (survival and tiller number) together declined significantly with the distance of the seed source from the site. Our results suggest that local adaptation is important to little bluestem survival and productivity and therefore recommend that land managers seek local sources of seed for range or prairie plantings.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"79 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42492745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Buffer Conditions for Nicotine Detection in Soil by Using HPLC/UV During Campus Tobacco-Free Promotion","authors":"Colin Dallimore, Ying Zhang, Nicklaus Mathias, Qiyang Zhang","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotine from discarded cigarette butts can leach into the soil with the aid of rainwater. Nicotine will not degrade easily and becomes a harmful mixture in the environment, where non-smokers are dangerously exposed to those hazards. This is called “third-hand smoke” (THS). As public properties, such as Emporia State University (ESU), begin implementing tobacco-free polices, it is expected that analyzing soil samples for nicotine will help determine the nicotine exposure in such a public environment. The data was collected in the spring and summer semesters of 2018 during the period in which the tobacco-free policy was implemented on campus. To extract nicotine, soil samples were mixed with mobile phase solution and centrifuged. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate the molecules within the supernates, and those molecules were analyzed with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The retention time of nicotine peak was substantially shortened by half from 7 minutes to 3 minutes. The limit of detection of 46 ppb for nicotine was achieved by using HPLC/UV. The findings of this research showed that in the spring of 2018 when the tobacco-free policy was enforced on the ESU campus, there was a significant decrease in the nicotine concentration in ESU soil. Further, the methods that were developed in the project can be adapted to similar types of research, such as determination of nicotine or cotinine contaminations in soil samples, which could enhance the knowledge of the soil and water qualities.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships among Soil Texture, Burrow Depth and Diameter, and Body Mass of Baird's Pocket Gopher (Geomys breviceps)","authors":"Kaylee Cormier, Alexandria Medine, J. Hoffman","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Baird's pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) is a subterranean rodent native to the southern United States. Little is known about their burrow dimensions or how their burrows relate to body size and soil texture. This information is valuable since G. breviceps is the main diet item of the Louisiana pine snake (Pituophis ruthveni), recently listed federally as Threatened, and additional insight on the natural history of G. breviceps could aid in its management. The objectives of this research were to measure burrow depths, burrow diameters, and body masses of G. breviceps in Louisiana to describe them and to determine if any relationships exist between these variables and soil texture. Measurements of burrow depth and diameter and body mass of G. breviceps were collected at three sites in Louisiana along with soil samples. Burrow depth and diameter were not related to soil texture. Body mass differed significantly among the three sample sites and was positively related to burrow diameter. Further, smaller individuals were found exclusively in soils with higher percentages of sand, whereas larger individuals occurred in all soil textures.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"112 1","pages":"109 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67437571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greening Rates and Photosynthetic Development of Etiolated Leaves in Four Crop Species","authors":"Tayler J. Kriss, B. Maricle","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0109","url":null,"abstract":"Many aspects of early plant development are dependent on light exposure, but functional measures of chlorophyll development and chlorophyll fluorescence have not been conducted during a dark-to-light transition in seedlings. To study chlorophyll biosynthesis and overall photosynthetic activity development in leaves, seeds were germinated in darkness and etiolated leaves were then allowed to develop in lighted conditions. Zea mays (corn), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Vicia faba (broad bean), and Triticum aestivum (wheat) were investigated for the first eight days of sunlight exposure. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were conducted daily on the first true leaf on each plant. The first 5 days of the experiment, days 0 to 4 in light, had the greatest physiological impact on leaves of etiolated plants as they transitioned to a green state. Vicia faba and T. aestivum plants developed more chlorophyll and had faster rates of chlorophyll accumulation compared to Z. mays and S. bicolor plants. The majority of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters measured had less than a 20 percent change from days 4 to 8 in light. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in V. faba and Z. mays were higher than in T. aestivum and S. bicolor and took longer to reach a maximum value. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence had similar patterns of development, with consistent differences among species. This indicates that development of photosynthetic electron transport is related to chlorophyll content and likely differs based on leaf structure or other physiological factors.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"89 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44905655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts from the 153rd Annual Meeting (Virtual) of the Kansas Academy of Science, April 10, 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0119","url":null,"abstract":"The following abstracts of papers and posters were accepted for presentation at the 153rd Annual Meeting of the Kansas Academy of Science. This meeting was held virtually due to the continuing public health concerns related to the worldwide COVID pandemic.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"28 4","pages":"140 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41311288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lost from Oz? Status of the Sunflower State's Ozarkian Fish Fauna","authors":"A. King, J. Whitney, Joshua A. Holloway, Kali L. Boroughs","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0104","url":null,"abstract":"There are 10 native Kansas fish species that occur only in the Spring River subbasin (SRS) and nowhere else in the state, which we term Kansas` Ozarkian fish fauna. Eight of these fishes are listed as species in need of conservation (SINC), highlighting their conservation value. The temporal trends and current statuses of Kansas` Ozarkian fishes is unclear, and as such our objective was to assess the historic and current prevalence of these species. We accomplished our objective by compiling historic data from three datasets distributed across three time periods (i.e., 1962-1964; 1993-1995; 1995-2013), which we then compared to data we collected in the SRS during 2017-2020. We calculated occupancy and relative abundance for each species during each of the four time periods, then we visualized changes in prevalence over time. We found that all species were a relatively rare component of the SRS fish assemblage as indicated by their low occupancies and relative abundances across all four time periods, yet some species were rarer than others. Among Kansas's Ozarkian fishes, the Spotfin Shiner and Northern Hog Sucker were the most prevalent and exhibited stable trends. The Banded Sculpin, Sunburst Darter, and Striped Shiner were the rarest and exhibited declining trends, and the Highland Darter and Ozark Minnow exhibited intermediate prevalence and stability. Finally, the Black Redhorse was always rare across all four time periods, and the Least Darter and Plains Topminnow had not been detected in Kansas since 1963. Even though Kansas` Ozarkian fishes currently have a similar conservation listing of SINC or not listed, our research indicated that the Black Redhorse, Highland Darter, and Ozark Minnow may require uplisting to threatened, and that the Banded Sculpin, Striped Shiner, and Sunburst Darter may require uplisting to endangered. Taking action by propagating and repatriating the remaining Ozarkian fishes to their historical ranges in Kansas, coupled with other conservation measures, may help prevent these fishes from ending up like the fictional character, Dorothy, such that they are not in Kansas anymore.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"45 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45210148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Remote Sensing to Monitor Cattail Invasion, Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve, Kansas","authors":"J. Aber, Robert L. Penner, S. E. Aber","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0103","url":null,"abstract":"Cattail (Typha sp.) has become invasive since the mid-twentieth century in the central Great Plains region. Our long-term study site is the Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve marsh-pool complex, which is owned and managed by The Nature Conservancy (TNC). We employed various types of remote sensing and made ground observations, which we have conducted during the growing season every year since 2002. The goal has been to assist TNC management for cattail monitoring and control based on a pictorial and qualitative approach. During the past two decades, TNC was successful on two occasions in slowing or turning back cattail invasion of its marsh-pool complex. Both involved favorable combinations of climatic events and human actions. Surviving cattail is able to revive quickly and expand rapidly by clonal growth during wet periods, although prolonged high water of floods may arrest cattail growth. Under such variable and dynamic conditions, cattail expansion may regain or surpass previous limits in less than a decade. The long sequence of annual and multi-seasonal small-format aerial photography has proven invaluable for planning habitat work at Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"27 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45589649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Elusive Delta Hydrobe (Probythinella emarginata) in Kansas","authors":"Bryan J. Sowards, Allison Hullinger","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0107","url":null,"abstract":"The delta hydrobe (Caenogastropoda-Rissooidea: Hydrobiidae: Probythinella emarginata) was first collected in Kansas in 2001. Previously it was only known from the Pleistocene fossil record. Three live individuals were collected in Cedar Creek, Chase County during Kansas Department of Health and Environment macroinvertebrate surveys in June 2001. Subsequent surveys throughout Cedar Creek in 2010 yielded poor results and only two live individuals were collected. Surveys throughout selected streams in southeastern Kansas in 2011 yielded only one additional population in the Elk River, Montgomery County, Kansas. We resampled and re-evaluated the Cedar Creek and Elk River delta hydrobe populations in May through August 2020 using the same approach as previous surveys. No live individuals were collected. We searched additional perennial streams throughout the Verdigris River basin for the delta hydrobe. We collected few weathered shells but no live individuals were observed. We provide a comprehensive summary of all delta hydrobe shell collections in Kansas. This Pleistocene relic is elusive and likely imperiled in the state. Future surveys should use environmental DNA sampling approaches to more efficiently survey for presence of the delta hydrobe.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"69 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollen Sources in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Diet in Ellis County, Kansas","authors":"R. Engel, B. Maricle","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0101","url":null,"abstract":"Pollinators are integral to plant ecology as well as to worldwide food availability and security. Understanding the diet of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and knowing how human-driven land use change impacts the nutrition of managed honey bees is important in pollinator conservation efforts and can contribute towards combating recent pollinator declines. The objective of this study was to determine sources of forage for honey bees across different land use types in Ellis County, Kansas, through pollen analysis and taxonomic identification. Replicate study colonies were placed in three separate land use types: urban, cropland, or native/semi-native prairie. Pollen was sampled every 7 to 14 days throughout a growing season (April 1 to September 30) to identify key resources and their availability throughout time and space. Images of pollen from 110 species are presented. Pollen abundance (mass) varied greatly throughout time and across treatments, although urban colonies trended toward higher pollen abundance and cropland colonies trended toward reduced pollen abundance. Pollen from 41 different plant taxa was collected from experimental hives, with willows (Salix) and clovers (Melilotus/Trifolium) observed in abundance among all land use treatments. Unique distinctions among floral resources utilized in the three land use treatments included the abundance of trees in urban habitat, the prevalence of weedy species in cropland habitat, and the lack of grass pollen collected in cropland habitat. These results provide insight on available resources as well as honey bee preferences and foraging behaviors. Understanding the availability of floral resources in prairies can help to inform conservation decisions and improve understanding of community ecology and health of native pollinators in prairies.","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42345298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science: Covers 2014-2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1660/062.124.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1660/062.124.0115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76755,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. Kansas Academy of Science","volume":"124 1","pages":"124 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41617528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}