African Journal of Plant Science最新文献

Detached berries response to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae) of F1 hybrid genotypes developed from Ethiopian accessions of Arabica coffee 分离浆果对埃塞俄比亚阿拉比卡咖啡F1杂交基因型咖啡浆果病(炭疽菌)的反应

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2023.2314

Kitange Grace, Nchimbi-Msolla Susan, G. Msuya Dunstan

{"title":"Detached berries response to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae) of F1 hybrid genotypes developed from Ethiopian accessions of Arabica coffee","authors":"Kitange Grace, Nchimbi-Msolla Susan, G. Msuya Dunstan","doi":"10.5897/ajps2023.2314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2023.2314","url":null,"abstract":"Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is a cash crop that supports the livelihoods of many Tanzanians, but its productivity is limited by various factors, including Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae. CBD can lead to up to 90% coffee yield losses in Tanzania. There are different control measures for CBD, but the use of resistant cultivars has been mentioned to be a more sustainable method than the use of copper-based fungicides. This study was carried out to determine the level of CBD resistance within the F1 population and to identify top-performing hybrids. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design under a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in the Pathology laboratory at the Tanzania Coffee Research Institute (TaCRI). Detached green berries of eight coffee genotypes were inoculated with three different isolates of C. kahawae (2006/14, 2019/16, and 2019/11). Disease severity on detached berries was assessed at 7, 11, and 15 days after inoculation. The results revealed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) among the coffee genotypes. Two genotypes, F90/64/4660 x KP423 and F89/64/4660 x KP423, showed a very high level of resistance with absolutely no disease development, equivalent to the resistant check KP423. Genotypes F24/64/902 x KP423 and F54/64/2049 showed moderate susceptibility, while the susceptible check KP423 developed typical CBD symptoms. The interaction between genotypes and C. kahawae isolates revealed significant differences in the number and size of lesions formed. This study verified the resistance of the tested F1 hybrid genotypes, which have the potential to be exploited for CBD-resistant varieties in Tanzania.   Key words: Arabica coffee, coffee genotypes, coffee berry disease, Colletotrichum kahawae Isolates.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vivo effect of cashew apple powder on fungi isolated from stored maize seed (EV8728-SR) 腰果苹果粉对玉米种子真菌EV8728-SR的体内抑制作用

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2023.2298

V. E. Tia, Kouassi Jean-martial Boko, D. Soro, N’Cho Marc Doffou

引用次数: 0

Relationship between rice blast severity and the rice growth stage for accurate selection of rice breeding material for improved rice production in Africa 稻瘟病严重程度与水稻生育期的关系，为非洲水稻育种材料的准确选择提供依据

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2022.2285

Fantodji Murielle, Cohovi Ahohuendo Bonaventure, S. Drissa, von Tiedemann Andreas

{"title":"Relationship between rice blast severity and the rice growth stage for accurate selection of rice breeding material for improved rice production in Africa","authors":"Fantodji Murielle, Cohovi Ahohuendo Bonaventure, S. Drissa, von Tiedemann Andreas","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2285","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the disease resistance of adapted rice genotypes, fourteen rice genotypes selected from previous field screening and four controls (two resistant and two susceptible) were screened in greenhouse trials against ten Beninese and four East African pathogenic isolates at rice seedling and tillering stages. Results show that across isolates, no significant difference was observed between disease severity on tested genotypes at both growth stages while a significant difference at P ˂0.05 was observed between disease severity on tested genotypes and susceptible controls. In fact, among tested genotypes, twelve previously resistant under field conditions were also resistant under greenhouse conditions, and more resistant ones were OU244, ARICA 5, IRAT 104, and PiN°4. In addition, among all tested genotypes that were resistant, two (OU244 and RIL249 MORO) with R genes, Piz and Pi5t , were particularly promising. Besides, at the seedling stage and across isolates, genotype OU244 and IRBLZ-Fu harboring the same R-gene Piz displayed resistance and susceptibility reactions and the same results were observed between genotypes RIL249 MORO and IRBL5-M harboring the same R gene Pi5t but only with Beninese isolates. Also, an incompatibility reaction was observed between susceptible controls and some Beninese isolates. In conclusion, screening for resistance at the rice tillering stage appears a suitable protocol for the reliable selection of rice breeding material for improved rice production in Africa. Also, results lead to first selecting rice genotype OU244 as the most stable and promising that could be used for rice improvement against rice blast in Africa; and to further initiate identification of R gene (s) involved in the resistance of the tested genotypes and avirulence (Avr) genes in the isolates used in the current study.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81319908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening Sclerocarya birrea provenances on pests and diseases: A step towards domestication 黑核菌病虫害种源筛选:迈向驯化的一步

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2022.2294

D. Chicco, S. Nyirenda, J. Mhango, D. Njera, C. Mandă, M. Rudoviko, I. Kaponya

{"title":"Screening Sclerocarya birrea provenances on pests and diseases: A step towards domestication","authors":"D. Chicco, S. Nyirenda, J. Mhango, D. Njera, C. Mandă, M. Rudoviko, I. Kaponya","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2294","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerocarya birrea is a famous wild fruit tree species which constitutes an important agro ecological system of the global ecosystem. It is one of the widely spread miombo woodland fruit trees species within sub Saharan Africa. An international provenances trial of 21 genotypes evaluated the plant phenology thus including, growth, adaptability (survival), fruit productivity and quality to select genotypes with superior traits well adapted to local conditions for domestication. This study aimed at screening provenances to pests and diseases as advancement to domestication. The provenance trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Each treatment was represented by 21 provenances including one bulked from Tanzania. There were 333 families assigned in each block and repeated four times. Each provenance was assigned in each row of 20 families as treatments. These provenances and families were randomly assigned to each plot and blocked. The spacing was 4 m between families and 5 m between provenances. Data was collected on infestation pressure to pests and diseases and analyzed. There were significant differences in mean infestation of defoliating and skeletonizing insect pests between provenances (P≤ 0.001). Magunde, Mangochi, Chikwawa, Marracuene and Rumphi provenances were more significantly susceptible to defoliators than the rest of provenances. The results showed that there is variation on levels of susceptibility and tolerance to diseases between provenances. Therefore, when promoting these provenances for domestication, pest and diseases management to be considered as an important selection tool hence propagate and safeguard promising elite provenances as potential genotypes for social and economic gains.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86749941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root rot complex and associated pathogens in eastern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚东部花生(arachhis hypogaea L.)根腐病复合体及其相关病原体的分布

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2022.2272

Debele Solomon, F. Chemeda, D. Mashilla, T. Tamado

{"title":"Distribution of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root rot complex and associated pathogens in eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Debele Solomon, F. Chemeda, D. Mashilla, T. Tamado","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2272","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut root rot is a complex disease affecting the crop production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Assess the occurrence and distribution of groundnut root rot complex in four main groundnut-growing areas of eastern Ethiopia; (2) Identify the major pathogens associated with groundnut root rot complex; and (3) Determine the role of pathogens singly and in combination on root rot severity of groundnut under greenhouse conditions. A total of 240 groundnut fields were surveyed over two seasons, and 75% of the fields were infected with root rot complex. Mean percent disease prevalence and incidence were highest in Babile, followed by Gursum, while Darolebu had the lowest. Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) was the most common fungus isolated from infected groundnut roots, followed by Fusarium solani ( Fs ) and Rhizoctonia bataticola ( Rb ). Other fungi less frequently isolated included Sclerotium rolfsii ( Sr ) and Rhizoctonia solani ( R s). The pathogenicity test showed that all isolated fungi were pathogenic to groundnut, with Fs being the most virulent in causing root rot, followed by Rb and Fo , while Sr and Rs were less pathogenic. Disease severity was higher on plants co-inoculated with Fo , Fs and Rb than with either alone. The Fs ,","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75544697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nutritional composition of cinnamon and clove powder and the evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of their extracts: A comparison between Ghana and other countries 肉桂和丁香粉的营养成分及其提取物抗菌性能的评价:加纳与其他国家的比较

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2021.2190

Seth Tawiah Jnr. Lartey Gamaliel, Wilson Tachie-Menson Josiah, Adu Stephen

{"title":"Nutritional composition of cinnamon and clove powder and the evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of their extracts: A comparison between Ghana and other countries","authors":"Seth Tawiah Jnr. Lartey Gamaliel, Wilson Tachie-Menson Josiah, Adu Stephen","doi":"10.5897/ajps2021.2190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2021.2190","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends have suggested that the continuous use of chemical additives has carcinogenic effects on consumers. This has instigated the research into more organic ingredients such as plant parts which could serve as potential replacement for these additives in food. This study was therefore conducted to compare the proximate and mineral compositions of the powder of cinnamon bark and clove buds collected from Cape Coast-Ghana, and the effects of their extracts on the growth of selected food spoilage micro-organisms. The proximate analysis revealed both cinnamon and clove as rich carbohydrate sources (61.63 and 36.02%, respectively) with protein as their least components (3.44%). Mineral analysis of the samples revealed potassium as predominant in both cinnamon and clove powder (714.8 and 1296.2 mg/100 g) as both samples were found to be very low in magnesium (0.16 and 0.27 mg/100 g, respectively). The Agar well diffusion method was used to ascertain the inhibitory activity of cinnamon and clove oils on some common food spoilage microorganisms. The analysis revealed cinnamon as potent against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi while clove showed a significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella . In conclusion, the powder of cinnamon bark and clove buds could serve as good carbohydrate and potassium supplements in food while they contribute to increased shelf-life via inhibiting food-borne bacteria.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Different levels of irradiance and plant regulators modify the leaf structure and essential oil production of Lippia origanoides H.B.K (Verbenaceae) 不同水平的光照和植物调节剂对马鞭草科(Lippia origanoides H.B.K)叶片结构和精油分泌的影响

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2023-01-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2017.1611

Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, M. Mielke, Bomfim Costa Larissa Corrêa do, Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, Costa Silva Delmira da

{"title":"Different levels of irradiance and plant regulators modify the leaf structure and essential oil production of Lippia origanoides H.B.K (Verbenaceae)","authors":"Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, M. Mielke, Bomfim Costa Larissa Corrêa do, Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, Costa Silva Delmira da","doi":"10.5897/ajps2017.1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2017.1611","url":null,"abstract":"The quality and quantity of secondary metabolites produced by plants can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, since the biochemical and physiological processes that coordinate the synthesis of these compounds are influenced by these. Plant regulators can also interfere with plant growth and terpene biosynthesis in aromatic species, which is why they are widely used in agriculture. Lippia origanoides H.B.K is an aromatic shrub that has glandular trichomes on the leaf, which secrete and accumulate essential oil used in the production of culinary seasonings and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of plant regulators associated with different levels of light availability in L. origanoides exposed to levels of 100, 50, 35 and 25% of irradiance. The increase in irradiance in plants treated with plant regulator caused changes in the structure and leaf dry biomass, density of glandular trichomes and essential oil content in the 100% full sun treatment. The treatments did not influence the chemical profile of the essential oil, which presented thymol as the major component. However, the application of bioregulators in full sun increased the production of essential oil demonstrating an excellent option for increasing the production.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82006155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combining ability and gene action for bacterial wilt disease resistance in wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes 野生番茄(Solanum pimpinellifolium)和栽培番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)基因型抗青枯病配合力及基因作用

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2021.2181

Wangui Mathai Faith, P. Pascal, M. G. Robert

{"title":"Combining ability and gene action for bacterial wilt disease resistance in wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes","authors":"Wangui Mathai Faith, P. Pascal, M. G. Robert","doi":"10.5897/ajps2021.2181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2021.2181","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of tomato in Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability effects and gene action conditioning bacterial wilt disease resistance in tomato. Eight parents were crossed in North Carolina II mating design scheme to produce sixteen F1 hybrids. The F1 hybrids and the parental genotypes were evaluated for bacterial wilt in an alpha lattice design. Among the parents, KLF acc III was the best general combiner for area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease incidence across the two cropping cycles. Red Diamond × KLF acc III, Money Maker× KK acc I, Oxyly× KLF acc III and Money Maker× KK acc II were the best specific combiners for AUDPC. Low narrow sense heritability values of 0.14, 0.16 and 0.20 were obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival. Relative weights of additive versus non-additive gene action obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival were 0.19, 0.20 and 0.50. General predictability ratios (GPR) values of 0.27, 0.29 and 0.50 were obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival. These results indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action in governing the traits.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of drought tolerant finger millet (Eleusine coracana) lines based on morpho-physiological characteristics and grain yield 基于形态生理特性和产量的耐旱小谷子品系鉴定

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2022.2225

Mwangoe Jael, K. Paul, P. Pascal

{"title":"Identification of drought tolerant finger millet (Eleusine coracana) lines based on morpho-physiological characteristics and grain yield","authors":"Mwangoe Jael, K. Paul, P. Pascal","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2225","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress contributes significantly to economic yield losses in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) production. This study evaluated morpho-physiological and agronomic traits among 25 finger millet genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions. Out of the 25 genotypes, 24 were advanced lines preselected for drought tolerance from ICRISAT, KALRO and Egerton University seed units and one check cultivar P-224. The study was conducted at two drought endemic locations (Koibatek, Baringo County and Soin, Kericho County) in Kenya during 2020 cropping season using 5 × 5 triple Lattice design with three replicates. Results revealed that genotype was significant (P<0.001) for seedling vigour, peduncle length, plant height, number of productive tillers number of fingers and harvest index (P<0.01) and finger length (P<0.05). Location was significant (P<0.001) for plant stand, number of fingers, finger length and days to 50% flowering and peduncle length. The interaction effect between genotype and location was significant (P<0.001) for number of fingers, yield and harvest index. There were significant and positive correlation between ET and HI (r = 0.537***), ET and grain yield (r = 0.611***), root relative water content (RRWC) and HI (r=0.442***). Lines ICFX 1420314-2-1-1-1 (7), KNE 814 X Ex Alupe (P) P8-1-1-1-1 (24) and ICFX 1420415-3-1-1-2 (14) were identified as the most suitable genotypes for drought tolerance based on their superior morpho-physiological traits to withstand soil water deficit with higher grain yield. These identified genotypes can be recommended to farmers and incorporated in breeding programs to improve production in the semi-arid areas.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89105525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical and mechanical properties of Holarrhena floribunda and Nesogordonia papaverifera branch wood in Ghana 加纳大花黄檀和白檀枝木材的物理力学特性

African Journal of Plant Science Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajps2022.2228

Antwi Kwaku, Cremer Tobias, Frimpong Kwasi

引用次数: 2