The Journal of microwave power最新文献

{"title":"Radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia in the prostate.","authors":"J Scheiblich,&nbsp;O Petrowicz","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A high frequency radiator has been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer by hyperthermia. The applicator produces a deep seated hot spot. The radiator has an outer diameter of 20 mm and an insertable length of about 175 mm. A high frequency cylindrical slot antenna inside the applicator is cooled by water. The frequency used is 433.9 MHz, one of the frequencies allowed for medical therapy in the F.R.G. A control system regulating the power output of the radiator avoids damage to the tissue around the prostate, especially the rectum mucosa and the tissue between rectum and prostate. About 60 experiments with male dogs proved that local heating of the prostate is possible with the help of the developed applicator without any damage in the surrounding tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 3","pages":"203-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17977048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional technique to calculate the EM power deposition pattern in the human body.","authors":"M F Iskander,&nbsp;P F Turner,&nbsp;J B DuBow,&nbsp;J Kao","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A numerical procedure to calculate the electromagnetic (EM) power deposition in two-dimensional models of cross sections in the human body is described. The procedure involves obtaining X-ray images of cross sections of specific areas with computer axial tomographic scans and then solving the EM boundary value problem by using the method of moments. The formulation thus takes into account not only the spatial distribution of the different tissue types, but also the radiation characteristics of the typical EM source. Numerical results are given to illustrate the accuracy of the developed procedure. Special emphasis is placed on characterizing and analyzing the EM power deposition patterns obtained using the annular phased array system recently developed by BSD Medical Corporation for hyperthermia treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 3","pages":"175-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17977046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of rats to 425-MHz (cW) radiofrequency radiation: effects on lymphocytes.","authors":"R J Smialowicz,&nbsp;C M Weil,&nbsp;J B Kinn,&nbsp;J A Elder","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four experiments were performed in which six pregnant rats were exposed from day 12 of pregnancy to parturition, for 4 hours a day in a temperature-controlled environment, to 425-MHz (CW) radiation, using a multimode rectangular strip transmission line. Four male pups born to each dam were subsequently irradiated under the same RF exposure condition for 20-21 days of age (2 pups) and 40-41 days of age (2 pups). Specific absorption rates (SARs) for rats of different ages were determined by twin-well calorimetry as well as from calculations of power measurements of incident, reflected, and transmitted energy. Values of SARs between 3.1 and 6.7 mW/g were obtained for rats so exposed at 425 MHz. At selected times, rats were weighed to determine if the irradiation affected growth. Two rats from each litter (4 pups) were euthanized at 20-21 and two at 40-41 days of age and blood was obtained for complete blood counts. The in vitro blastogenic response of blood and lymph-node lymphocytes was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA following stimulation of cells with T- or B-lymphocyte mitogens. No difference was observed in the weights of irradiated compared with sham-irradiated rats. No consistent change in the peripheral blood picture was observed between irradiated and sham-irradiated rats. Significant increases in the response of lymph-node but not of blood lymphocytes from irradiated rats following stimulation with mitogens was observed in two of four experiments. These changes were observed for both T- and B-lymphocytes. In another experiment at the same frequency, six pregnant rats were irradiated for 16 hours daily from day 6 through day 19 of pregnancy. The pups born to these dams were not subsequently irradiated. These rats, born to irradiated dams, showed a similar increased response of node but not of blood lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens at 42 days of age. These results indicate that exposure to 425-MHz microwave radiation, under the conditions described, may lead to increased responsiveness of node lymphocytes to in vitro stimulation by mitogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 3","pages":"211-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17977049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An empirical time-intensity relationship for thermal bioelectromagnetic effects.","authors":"T M Miller,&nbsp;M E Brodwin,&nbsp;H Cember","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Published experimental data for three thermal/harmful bioelectromagnetic effects (lethality, cataractogenesis, and threshold pain sensation) are examined in an effort to develop a generally consistent empirical expression relating the time of irradiation necessary to induce an effect to the intensity of the radiation. A critical organ is assigned to each effect and the SAR's in these organs are estimated, when necessary, from the incident power density. It is found that all the data can be satisfactorily described by a single power function expression which gives the exposure duration as a function of the SAR in the critical organ and an experiment-specific constant.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 3","pages":"195-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17977047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ambient temperature and exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation on evaporative heat loss in the mouse.","authors":"C J Gordon","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-body evaporative heat loss was measured as whole-body evaporative water loss in mice during a 90-min exposure to 2450-MHz microwave radiation at an ambient temperature of 20 degrees C and in non-exposed mice maintained at ambient temperatures of 20, 25, 30, 33, and 35 degrees C. The ambient-temperature threshold for increasing evaporative water loss was between 30 and 33 degrees C. A specific absorption rate of microwave radiation in excess of 29 W/kg was required to produce an increase in heat loss. For absorption rates ranging from 29 to 44 W/kg, the mouse dissipated 65% of the total absorbed heat by water evaporation; the remainder was dissipated passively. The data collected in the mouse may be extrapolated to larger species, such as man, but only by an exponential relationship. Using this relationship, it was shown that a threshold specific absorption rate of 29 W/kg in a 0.033-kg mouse was equivalent to approximately 0.25 W/kg in a 70-kg human.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 2","pages":"145-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17972524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of immune function development in mice irradiated in utero with 2450-MHz microwaves.","authors":"R J Smialowicz,&nbsp;M M Riddle,&nbsp;R R Rogers,&nbsp;G A Stott","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groups of time-bred pregnant mice were irradiated with 2450-MHz microwaves at an incident power density of 28 mW/cm2 for 100 min daily from day 6 to day 18 of pregnancy. The average specific absorption rate (SAR) was 16.5 W/kg. Two experiments were performed under these conditions. At 3 and 6 weeks of age the mice were assessed for development of the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes, in vitro mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and natural killer (NK) cell activity. No consistent significant difference in the primary immune response, in the mitogen response, or in the NK cell activity was observed between irradiated and sham-irradiated mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 2","pages":"121-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17972523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations of Syrian hamster fetuses after exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves.","authors":"E Berman,&nbsp;H B Carter,&nbsp;D House","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The teratogenic potential of microwaves was examined in a rodent species, the Syrian hamster. Exposure of hamsters to 2450-MHz CW microwaves at a power density of 20 mW/cm2 (estimated SAR = 6 mW/g) for 100 minutes daily on days 6-14 of gestation caused no significant change in fetal survival, body weight, skeletal maturity, or incidence of terata. Thirty mW/cm2 (estimated SAR = 9 mW/g) caused significantly increased fetal resorptions, decreased fetal body weight, and decreased skeletal maturity. Rectal temperatures of pregnant hamsters after exposure to 20 mW/cm2 were slightly increased (0.4 degrees C) over those of sham-irradiated dams; 30 mW/cm2 caused maternal rectal temperatures to be increased 1.6 degrees C over sham-irradiated dams' temperatures. It appears that the hamster fetus may be more susceptible to microwave radiation than the mouse.</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 2","pages":"107-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17974971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave thermography--characteristics of waveguide applicators and signatures of thermal structures.","authors":"M Robillard,&nbsp;M Chive,&nbsp;Y Leroy,&nbsp;J Audet,&nbsp;C Pichot,&nbsp;J C Bolomey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we study the problem of the interpretation of the signals provided by microwave thermography, which allows the detection of the thermal gradients in living tissues. These signals correspond to the thermal noise measured by a radiometer when the probe scans the surface of the tissues (passive process). We describe how these signals can be computed by means of a new method based on the antenna reciprocity principle. This process requires a knowledge of the electrical field distribution in the lossy medium when the applicator is radiating a microwave signal (active process). Examples of computations of the thermal signals and experimental verifications are presented. Then, we introduce a new concept of 'thermal signature' and show how it is possible to reach a quantitative interpretation of the thermal signals such as those obtained in clinical investigations (thermal pattern recognition).</p>","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"17 2","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17972525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of microwave power applications in China.","authors":"H. Chen, Z. Shen, C. Fu, D. Wu","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"41 1","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78315289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave and RF hazard standard considerations.","authors":"H. Schwan","doi":"10.1080/16070658.1982.11689259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.1982.11689259","url":null,"abstract":"This article present considerations which pertain to the limits of safe exposure of man to radio frequency and microwave frequency electromagnetic irradiation. Early considerations for the rationale of a 10 mW/cm2 standard and more recent results are summarized. The total frequency range can be conveniently subdivided into four parts: the below resonance range, the resonance range, the 'hot spot' range, and the surface heating range. They are discussed in subsequent sections. Finally, the topics of tolerable heat load, partial body irradiation and short time exposure are dealt with. The conclusions are in essential agreement with a proposed revision of the ANSI C95 standard.","PeriodicalId":76653,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of microwave power","volume":"111 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73742003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}