The American orthoptic journal最新文献

{"title":"Historical Vignette: Robert Marcus Gunn (1850–1909): Scottish Ophthalmologist, Skilled Observer, and Gifted Teacher","authors":"G. Roper-Hall","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"Robert Marcus Gunn was a Scottish ophthalmologist who studied med icine at the University of St. Andrews and the University of Edinburgh, eventually moving to Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, where he practiced ophthalmology. He was a selftaught expert in the new skill of direct ophthalmoscopy, which he readily taught to others (Figure 1). He is best known for his teachings on the Marcus Gunn phenomenon of trigemino-oculomotor synkinesis or \"jawwinking\"; Marcus Gunn pupil or \"dynamic anisocoria\"; the retinal findings of Marcus Gunn dots; and Gunn's crossing sign .","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"204 1","pages":"121 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey Specific for Convergence Insufficiency? A Prospective, Randomized Study","authors":"Lindsay A. Horan, B. Ticho, A. Khammar, Megan Allen, Birva Shah","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.99","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose The Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) is a questionnaire used as an outcome measure in treatment of convergence insufficiency. The current prospective randomized trial evaluates the diagnostic specificity of the CISS. Patients and Methods Surveys were completed by 118 adolescent patients who presented for routine eye examinations. Scores were compared between patients who could be classified as having convergence insufficiency (CI) or normal binocular vision (NBV). In addition, a comparison was done between self- and practitioner-administered CISS scores within these groups. Results The mean CISS score did not differ significantly between NBV patients (14.1 ±11.3, range of 0 to 43) and CI patients (12.3 ±6.7, range of 3 to 28); P = 0.32. Mean CISS scores were lower when physician-administered (11.4 ±7.9) than when self-administered (16.3+11.4); P = 0.007. Conclusion CISS scores tend to be higher when self- vs. practitioner-administered. This study suggests that the CISS questionnaire is not specific for convergence insufficiency.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"103 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.99","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69586701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report: Consecutive Cranial Neuropathies Following the Use of Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors","authors":"Suzanne W. van Landingham, Eric L. Singman","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.109","url":null,"abstract":"We report a patient who suffered consecutive cranial neuropathies where each event was immediately preceded by the use of oral PDE-5 inhibitors. A discussion of the etiology of the events including possible interaction with other medications is included.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"109 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A History of Orthoptics in the United States, Part I: “If You Build It, They Will Come”","authors":"K. Arnoldi, B. Schneekloth","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2015 marks the 75th anniversary of the American Association of Certified Orthoptists (AACO), the second oldest orthoptic professional organization in the world. Since its inception, October 7, 1940, approximately 90% of all certified orthoptists (C.O.) have consistently maintained membership in their professional society. Approximately 80% of AACO members attend AACO-sponsored scientific meetings at least once annually. And 17–20% of members are actively involved in AACO leadership, management, and activities. Eye care has changed dramatically over the last 75 years, and orthoptics has successfully adapted to survive due to the fortitude and resilience of its practitioners. The AACO has weathered opposition from much more powerful competitors, ever-increasing health care regulation, and an evolution in the standard management of strabismus, only to emerge transformed and even more durable. One constant remains: the qualities that inspired thirty-three individuals to create a profession and a society dedicated to the care of patients with strabismus and disorders of binocular vision, and the education of parents, orthoptists, and ophthalmologists exist in every orthoptist today. These qualities are determination, creativity, dedication, and passion.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Deviations: Vertical, Horizontal, and Combined","authors":"S. Archer","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Purpose Symptomatic, small-angle strabismus is largely an acquired problem of adults that has previously been managed with prism spectacles. This paper will explore surgical options that are becoming increasingly popular. Methods The special issues that confound surgical treatment of small-angle strabismus are considered. Surgical procedures described in the literature and in the author's experience that address these issues are reviewed. Results Several recently described surgical techniques show promise for treatment of small-angle strabismus in adults. Their use is illustrated in a case report. Review of the author's practice shows a rapid increase in surgery for small-angle strabismus. Conclusions Surgical strategies for small deviations are increasingly important to meet the spectacle-free expectations of our adult patients.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"31 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Sensory Dominance Using Binocular Rivalry as Related to Ocular Deviations","authors":"Misae Ito, K. Shimizu, Tomoya Handa, H. Ishikawa, T. Niida","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Purpose To investigate the relationship between sensory dominance and ocular deviations. Patients and Methods Sixty-three patients were evaluated with a new device for the measurement of exclusive visibility during binocular rivalry. The patients were consisted of twenty-three with exotropia (XT), twenty with intermittent exotropia [X(T)], twenty with exophoria (XP), respectively. Device is composed of two retinometers, their holders in which angle and position can be adjustable and a PC for data storage and analysis. In each of eyes, exclusive visibility of one stimulus during binocular rivalry was measured for 60 sec, and the strength of ocular dominance was evaluated by the difference of exclusive visibility between dominant and nondominant eye. Results The difference of exclusive visibility time between dominant and nondominant eye were 9.8 ± 3.7 sec in the XT group, 6.1 ± 4.1 sec in the X(T) group and 2.2 ±1.5 sec in the XP group, respectively. There were significant differences between XT and X(T) (P < 0.01) as well as between XT and XP (P < 0.001). Conclusions The present result indicates that sensory dominance was obviously influenced by ocular deviations since exclusive visibility of dominant eye was prolonged with decreasing the opportunity of normal binocular vision such as XT or X(T).","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"67 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.67","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69585114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenacious Proximal Fusion: The Scobee Phenomenon","authors":"B. Kushner","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.73","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose When patients with intermittent exotropia show an increase in their near deviation after prolonged monocular occlusion, they have been said to have tenacious proximal fusion (TPF). That term is not adequately descriptive, since this finding can occur without the patient having been allowed to fuse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility that this phenomenon is mediated by the preponderance of binasal retinal disparity and uncrossed localization that occurs with near fixation. Patients and Methods Ten patients with intermittent exotropia who manifested TPF were measured at 6 m, 1/3 m, again at 1/3 m after 1 hour of monocular occlusion, and at 1/3 m with a peripheral crossed localization stimulating device (PCLSD) that simulated the retinal bitemporal disparity and peripheral crossed localization usually found with distance fixation. Results For the ten patients, the mean measurement at distance was 28.3Δ ± 3.1, initially at near was 4Δ ± 3.9, at near after prolonged monocular occlusion was 25.3Δ ±5.3, and at near with the PCLSD was 18.5Δ ± 4.1. The differences between the initial near measurement and the measurement with the PCLSD, and between the PCLSD and post-prolonged monocular occlusion were significant with P < 0.001 and P = 0.0049, respectively. Conclusions What has been previously referred to as TPF in fact appears to be convergence induced by the preponderance of binasal retinal disparity and/or peripheral uncrossed localization typically found with near fixation. For simplicity, I propose the term TPF should be replaced with the “Scobee Phenomenon.”","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"73 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69585155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital and Genetic Ocular Motility Disorders: Update and Considerations","authors":"D. Oystreck","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.58","url":null,"abstract":"Concepts regarding certain forms of congenital eye movement disorders have recently changed, due in large part to new genetic evidence identifying causative genes and their role in the development of extraocular muscle innervation. This group is now referred to as the Congenital Cranial Dysinnervation Disorders (CCDDs). Careful assessment of phenotypic features that include both ophthalmological and non-ophthalmological features in genetically defined individuals has led to the development of a more robust classification system. Correlating phenotypes with new genetically defined syndromes has improved the ability of the clinician/researcher to better determine a definitive diagnosis in patients with complex ocular motility disorders. Nevertheless, more work is still required.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"58 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69585071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prism Management in Patients with Neurodegenerative Disease","authors":"Rikki Gilligan","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with motility problems due to neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's and its variations often present challenging cases for the orthoptist. A few “tricks of the trade” will be presented on how to make a Parkinson's patient's daily life a little easier.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"44 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.65.1.44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69585300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the Ophthalmic Literature","authors":"Cindy Cline, K. Fray, Bruce A. Furr, A. Huebner, L. Pendarvis, C. Pritchard, I. Rocha-Gamba, K. Arnoldi","doi":"10.3368/aoj.65.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.65.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"s of the Ophthalmic Literature Compiled by: Cindy Cline, C.O. Katherine Fray, C.O. Bruce Furr, c.o. Alexandra Huebner, C.O. Lauren Pendarvis, C.O. Cindy Pritchard, c.o. Ingrid Rocha-Gamba, C.O. Kyle Arnoldi, C.O. ADLER E, DING K, SIATKOWSKI M: Factors related to strabismus decompensation after a period of prolonged postoperative stability. J AAPOS 2014; 18:50-55. Surgical management is the preferred treatment for patients with horizontal angles of deviation greater than l(P. Previous studies have reported high incidence of reoperation. This study analyzes the clinical and demographic factors associated with late decompensation ofhorizontal strabismus after a good postoperative result for a minimum of 12 months. Patients included in the study measured less than 10& of horizontal deviation at distance or near more than one year following surgery. Approximately 30% ofthese patients showed deterioration in the deviation more than 12 months postoperatively. One factor connected with late decompensation was the presence of preoperative oblique dysfunction. A second reason for instability was the existence of a larger deviation at distance than near. Lastly, data suggested that alignment of 0-4& after surgery lessens the rate of decompensation compared to postoperative deviations of4-8&. Dr. R. Michael Siatkowski, Dean McGee Eye Institute, 608 Stanton L.YoungBlvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73104 e-mail: rmichael-siatkowski@dmei.org ADYANTHAYA R, ISENOR S, MUTHUSAMY B, IRSCH K, GUYTON D: Children with Down syndrome benefit from bifocals as evidenced by increased compliance with spectacle wear. J AAPOS 2014; 18:481-484. About 60% of children with Down syndrome have some ocular manifestations such as, hypermetropia, myopia, strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, lid anomalies, and corneal problems. It has been recently reported that about 80% of these children may also have accommodative insufficiency.The goal of this study was to assess if the use of bifocals increased spectacle compliance in children with Down syndrome. Hyperopia is the most prevalent refractive error in these children. In this cohort of patients, single-vision eyeglasses compliance was poor.Accommodation was evaluated by dynamic retinoscopy. According to this retrospective study's findings, prescribing bifocals to children with Downsyndrome increased glasses wear compliance and facilitated normal progress of their accommodative ability. Dr. David L. Guyton, The Wilmer Institute 233, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287 e-mail: dguyton@jhmi.edu © 2015 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, American Orthoptic Journal, Volume 65, 2015, ISSN 0065-955X, E·ISSN 1553-4448 American Orthoptic Journal 129","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"65 1","pages":"129 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69584562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}