The American orthoptic journal最新文献

{"title":"OCT Angiography in Retinal and Macular Diseases","authors":"Gareth M. C. Lema","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.138a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.138a","url":null,"abstract":"This is a very brief book on ocular tumors. It really is a well illustrated outline. As such, it is not a textbook for a comprehensive view.Rather, it is a quick reference guide concentrating on the fundamentals of the tumor. The book is organized in a traditional fashion, with chapters on uveal melanocytic tumors; uveal nonmelanocytic tumors; intraocular vascular tumors, metastatic tumors, lymphoma; RPE tumors; astrocytic tumors; neuro-ocular-cutaneous syndromes; and retinoblastoma. There are two editors and seven contributing authors, providing a sound level ofexpertise. Each chapter begins with an abstract and then proceeds with breadth in the area. However, the brevity of the book does not allow great depth. This is very purposeful and sacrificing depth for ease of assimilation or quick reference is reasonable. It is very well illustrated, but not profusely so. Again, brevity is a virtue here and dictates context. But the illustrations very much complement the pointed prose and definitely enhance the intended purpose of the book. This is an excellent entry level book. Residents should love it. Attendings who","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"138 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.138a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69588256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Unilateral Superior Oblique Palsy: Thirty Years of Experience","authors":"Qianqian Wang, M. Flanders","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.79","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Purpose We describe the clinical characteristics of 252 patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy who underwent strabismus surgery. We assess if a predetermined surgical strategy, based on preoperative alignment and motility measurements, was effective in treating these patients. On this basis, the patients were divided into three different treatment groups. Methods Two-hundred fifty-two patients were identified retrospectively and classified into three groups according to the performed procedures: 1) inferior oblique weakening; 2) inferior rectus recession; 3) combined inferior oblique weakening and inferior rectus recession. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Criteria for surgical success included good postoperative alignment (distance, primary position alignment ≤5Δ), and improvement of diplopia and of abnormal head posture. Subgroup analyses of surgical outcome were performed for small (<12Δ) versus large (>20Δ) preoperative hypertropia in the group that underwent inferior oblique weakening, and for inferior oblique disinsertion-myectomy versus inferior oblique recession. Results Mean forced primary position (PP) hypertropia decreased from 14.3Δ (range 3–37Δ) to 4.5Δ (range 0–30Δ) in Group 1, from 13Δ (range 1–30Δ) to 2Δ (range -20–20Δ) in Group 2, and from 25.7Δ (range 6–40Δ) to 1.3Δ (range -12–18Δ) in Group 3. Group 1 had the lowest re-operation rate (7.6%), followed by Group 2 (16%) and Group 3 (25.9%). Final surgical success rates were similar in three groups. Inferior oblique weakening was more predictable for small primary position hypertropia, but still yielded 85% success rate in large deviations. Inferior oblique disinsertion-myectomy resulted in more favorable results than inferior oblique recession (P < 0.05). Conclusion When a predetermined surgical strategy is applied to individual patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy, excellent functional improvement can be achieved in the majority of patients.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"79 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.79","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69588363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified Test Protocol Improves Sensitivity of the Stereo Fly Test.","authors":"Angie De La Cruz, Sarah E Morale, Reed M Jost, Krista R Kelly, Eileen E Birch","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.122","DOIUrl":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Stereoacuity measurement is a common element of pediatric ophthalmic examinations. Although the Stereo Fly Test is routinely used to establish the presence of coarse stereopsis (3000 arcsecs), it often yields a false negative \"pass\" due to learned responses and non-stereoscopic cues. We developed and evaluated a modified Stereo Fly Test protocol aimed at increasing sensitivity, thus reducing false negatives.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The Stereo Fly Test was administered according to manufacturer instructions to 321 children aged 3-12 years. Children with a \"pass\" outcome (n = 147) were re-tested wearing glasses fitted with polarizers of matching orientation for both eyes to verify that they were responding to stereoscopic cues (modified protocol). The response to the standard Stereo Fly Test was considered a false negative (pass) if the child still pinched above the plate after disparity cues were eliminated. Randot^® Preschool Stereoacuity and Butterfly Tests were used as gold standards.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Sensitivity was 81% (95% CI: 0.75 - 0.86) for standard administration of the Stereo Fly Test (19% false negative \"pass\"). The modified protocol increased sensitivity to 90% (95% CI: 0.85 - 0.94). The modified two-step protocol is a simple and convenient way to administer the Stereo Fly Test with increased sensitivity in a clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6051409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69586943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent Exotropia and Mental Illness","authors":"B. Mohney","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose Although adverse psychosocial effects are well documented among patients afflicted with strabismus, recent studies have shown that children with intermittent exotropia, unlike the more prevalent forms of esotropia, are at an increased risk for developing frank mental illness by early adulthood. The purpose of the study was to provide a brief overview of current findings regarding the nonophthalmic aspects of this common condition. Patients and Method Recent reports will be reviewed regarding psychosocial effects and mental illness among children with intermittent exotropia. Results Children with intermittent exotropia have been shown to have a nearly three-fold increased incidence of developing mental illness, compared to controls, by the third decade of life. Moreover, males had significantly more mental health morbidity than females. Although quality of life measures have demonstrated improved psychosocial outcomes among children who underwent successful strabismus surgery, frank mental illness appears to be less amenable to such intervention. Conclusion In addition to the adverse psychosocial affects observed in children with strabismus, intermittent exotropia, especially among boys, appears to confer a specific risk for developing frank mental illness. Clinicians managing such patients should consider the entire physical and psychological aspects of this condition and develop strategies for minimizing adverse psychosocial outcomes.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"25 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69587908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Vignette: Johann Friedrich Horner (1831–1886): Swiss Ophthalmologist, Scientific Contributor, and Accomplished Academician","authors":"G. Roper-Hall","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.126","url":null,"abstract":"Johann Friedrich Horner was a Swiss ophthalmologist who was the founder of modern ophthalmology in his country and who established the first academic department of ophthalmology at the University of Zürich (Figure 1).1–3 He was widely published on a great number of medical topics, but is best known for his description of a triad of clinical findings that include unilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis, commonly referred to as Horner syndrome. Although Horner was not the first to describe these characteristics,4–7 he is recognized as the first to provide the detailed and scientifically supported description of the manifestations of this syndrome in humans and accurately interpreting the signs of sympathetic nerve damage.8,9","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"126 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69586984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuro-Ophthalmology Illustrated, 2nd Edition","authors":"J. Reynolds","doi":"10.3368/AOJ.66.1.136A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/AOJ.66.1.136A","url":null,"abstract":"The Color Atlas ofStrabismus Surgery, by Kenneth W. Wright and Yi Nig J. Strube, is now in its fourth edition, with the first edition being published 25 years ago. In the preface, the authors state they believe this printing to be the longest running surgical atlas in ophthalmology, and after reading, one can see why. The book is concise yet wide ranging, with ample finely drawn illustrations and actual patient and surgical photos. The book is broken into two main parts, the first third dealing with the diagnosis and management of both routine and complex strabismus. The goal of this text is not to be comprehensive, and thus this section takes an outline approach. It would serve residents and non-pediatric ophthalmologists well as a quick reference in clinic. Inlays within the text also provide clinical examples of patient presentations and questions/answers on management. Although brief, virtually all forms of strabismus are mentioned in this section, including syndromic and traumatic varieties, as well as cranial nerve palsies. The heart, and most useful portion, of the atlas is the surgical technique section, which covers the final two-thirds of the book. Here, richly illustrated diagrams sit side by side by actual surgical photos. Having both a schematic and a meticulously dissected surgical image is invaluable, and indeed is the true strength of this book. Step by step guides are present for nearly all strabismus surgeries, including horizontal recession and resection, as well as","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"136 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/AOJ.66.1.136A","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69587750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the Ophthalmic Literature","authors":"Cindy Cline, K. Fray, A. Huebner, L. Pendarvis, C. Pritchard, Nicholas Strauss, K. Arnoldi","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.140","url":null,"abstract":"s of the Ophthalmic Literature Compiled by: Cindy Cline, C.O. Katherine Fray, C.O. Alexandra Huebner, C.O. Lauren Pendarvis, C.O. Cindy Pritchard, C.O. Nicholas Strauss, C.O. Kyle Arnoldi, C.O. AKBARI MR, AMERI A, JAAFARI AK, FARD MA, ESHRAGHI B, MIRMOHAMMADSADEGHI A: Clinical features and surgical outcomes of isolated inferior rectus muscle paralysis. Strabismus 2014; 22:58-63. This was a prospective study of patients diagnosed with unilateral isolated inferior rectus OR) muscle palsy who required eye muscle surgery. Twenty-two patients with a mean age of26.6 ± 16.3 years (range 6 to 57 years) were included in the study. The cause of the IR paresis was trauma in twelve patients, congenital in nine patients, and vascular in one patient. Mean preoperative hypertropia was 18.0 ± 10.06 with distance fixation and 16.9 ± 9.96 at near fixation. Mean preoperative hypertropia in the field of action of the IR paresis was 25.6 ± 11.66 • Eight patients (36.3%) had no compensatory head posture, while the remainder had highly variable head postures among the group. The surgery performed for the first procedure was IR resection in thirteen patients (59.1%),IR resection and SR recession in seven patients (31.8%), contralateral IR posterior fixation suture in one patient (4.5%),and finally contralateral IR recession and posterior fixation suture in one patient (4.5%).Postoperatively mean follow-up was 9.6 ± 7.5 months. At the last follow-up fifteen patients (68%) had no deviation in primary and down-gaze, while four had a small hyperphoria and three were under-corrected with 8.106 residual hypertropia. Three patients underwent another eye muscle surgery. The authors conclude that many IR muscle paresis cases can be managed solely with IR muscle resection. Arash Mirmohammadsadeghi, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Farabi Eye Research Center, Tehran, Iran e-mail: alsadeghi@yahoo.com AMERI A, MIRMOHAMMADSADEGHI A, MAKATEB A, BAZVAND F, HOSSEINI S: Clinical outcomes of botulinum toxin injection in patients with cerebral palsy and esotropia. Strabismus 2015; 23:8-13. Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by muscle spasticity and is associated with a higher incidence of strabismus compared to the developmentally normal population. The success of strabismus surgery can vary due to unpredictable results using the standard operating nomogram. Therefore, alternative methods such as the use of botulinum toxin (BT) injection may be considered as an alternative. This prospective case series included 44 children with CP and infantile esotropia with no previous history of strabismus surgery. Mean age was 47.56 ± 30.86 months (range 5 to 124 months) with a follow-up range of 12-24 months. Group 1 was comprised of patients with esotropia ..506 and group 2 included patients © 2016 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, American Orthoptic Journal, Volume 66, 2016, ISSN 0065·955X, E-ISSN 1553-4448","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"140 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69587803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accommodative and Fusional Convergence in Intermittent Exotropia","authors":"L. Rovick","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematized review of the published literature addressing accommodative and fusional convergence in intermittent exotropia. This paper will summarize a variety of clinical techniques suggested to enhance assessment of intermittent exotropia. Method A search of published, peer-reviewed literature available in the English language was performed using MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Health Source, and PsycINFO databases. There was no date limitation set. Key words used were exotropia, intermittent exotropia, convergence, fusional convergence, and accommodative convergence. In addition, relevant classic articles cited in the retrieved articles not appearing in the initial search were reviewed. Results Fifty relevant articles were reviewed and summarized. The topics fell into several distinct categories: general descriptions of the characteristics of intermittent exotropia and vergence; the relationship of several types of convergence to the features of intermittent exotropia; methods of accurately assessing the angle of the deviation; and surgical vs. nonsurgical options for treatment of this disorder. Conclusion Accurate clinical assessment is crucial in the eventual successful management of intermittent exotropia. Understanding the interaction of fusion and accommodation with convergence in the control of intermittent exotropia will enhance targeted decision making in the development of treatment plans.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"16 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69587863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Perspective of Surgical Approaches to Intermittent Exotropia","authors":"E. Raab","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Purpose To outline the progression of thinking about intermittent exotropia and its surgery. Patients and Methods Review of publications over a period of approximately 200 years. Results Revision of the concept that the cause of intermittent exotropia is excessive divergence to one recognizing that intermittent exotropia is a position of rest modified by convergence. Advances in technology have contributed to surgical approaches, especially for reoperations. Conclusion Most of our presently employed surgical procedures for intermittent exotropia are revivals rather than new, and have been adapted for deviations formerly considered too small for operation.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"38 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.38","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69587877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence Basis for Surgical Correction of Intermittent Exotropia","authors":"M. Repka","doi":"10.3368/aoj.66.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3368/aoj.66.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"An evidence basis for surgical correction of intermittent exotropia is limited. One randomized controlled trial found an advantage of unilateral two-rectus muscle recession surgery compared with bilateral lateral rectus muscle surgery after one year of follow-up. One prospective trial compared observation with surgery and found surgery to be associated with improvement in quality of life, but noted that 10 of 25 patients were thought to have unsatisfactory alignment 9 months after surgery. Results of a randomized controlled surgical trial of intermittent exotropia including 265 participants with 3-year follow-up by the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group are anticipated in 2017.","PeriodicalId":76599,"journal":{"name":"The American orthoptic journal","volume":"66 1","pages":"47 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3368/aoj.66.1.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69587989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}