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Ionic mechanisms underlying the center and surround responses of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. 鲤鱼视网膜中心双极细胞的中心和周围反应的离子机制。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
T Saito, H Kondo
{"title":"Ionic mechanisms underlying the center and surround responses of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina.","authors":"T Saito,&nbsp;H Kondo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reversal potentials were measured for the center and surround responses of on-center bipolar cells in the carp retina. In the scotopic condition, the center response showed a reversal at 29 +/- 13mV, the surround response at 38 +/- 13 mV. The result suggests that both the center and surround responses were -53 +/- 11 mV and -59 +/- 11 mV, respectively. These responses were sensitive to the red light. It is therefore suggested that both the center and surround responses contributed by rods are mediated by changes in conductance of Na+ channels but in opposite ways. In the photopic condition, reversal potentials of the center and surround responses contributed by red cones are mediated by changes in conductance of K+ and/or Cl- channels, but in opposite ways. The responses in the mesopic condition showed the complex electrical properties as a consequence of interaction between the two ionic components described above.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"350-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Convergence of rod and cone signals to single bipolar cells in the carp retina. 鲤鱼视网膜中杆状和锥状信号向双极细胞的收敛。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
A Kaneko, M Tachibana
{"title":"Convergence of rod and cone signals to single bipolar cells in the carp retina.","authors":"A Kaneko,&nbsp;M Tachibana","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"383-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First Symposium on Neural Organization and Function of the Retina. 首届视网膜神经组织与功能研讨会。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
{"title":"First Symposium on Neural Organization and Function of the Retina.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"273-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11262289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elemental analysis of frog outer segment and fuscin granule by means of x-ray microanalyzer. 用x射线微量分析仪对蛙外段及褐质颗粒进行元素分析。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
E Yamada
{"title":"Elemental analysis of frog outer segment and fuscin granule by means of x-ray microanalyzer.","authors":"E Yamada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elemental analysis was made on the rod outer segments and fuscin granules in the frog eye by means of an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer combined with an electron microscope. The materials were prepared from the unfixed fresh retina by means of air-dried or freeze-dried cryosection, freeze-substitution, or the freeze-drying embedding method. An outer segment in the air-dried cryosection showed P, K, S, Cl, and Ca peaks. The dry section of freeze-substituted or freeze-dried embedded outer segment showed P, K, S, and Cl; K was lost in the wet section. The fuscin granules showed prominent peaks of Ca and Zn constantly, in addition to S, Cl, Mg, K, and occasionally Cu. The K peak was also lost in the wet section.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"285-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fine structure of the Müller cell revealed by high-voltage electron microscopy. 高压电子显微镜显示的<s:1>勒细胞精细结构。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
K Hama, A Mizukawa, T Kosaka
{"title":"Fine structure of the Müller cell revealed by high-voltage electron microscopy.","authors":"K Hama,&nbsp;A Mizukawa,&nbsp;T Kosaka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The three-dimensional organization of Müller cells in the retina of various vertebrates was investigated by means of high-voltage electron microscope stereoscopy using 2-5 micrometer-thick Golgi preparations. The alveolar compartments constituted by thin lamellar processes of the Müller cell were seen in the outer and inner nuclear layers. The radial process of the Müller cell has many irregular appendages which attenuate into thin lamellae to invade the neuropile. The functional significance of the characteristic morphological features of the Müller cell is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"296-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of generation of signals in vertebrate photoreceptors. 脊椎动物光感受器中信号产生的机制。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
L Cervetto, V Torre, M Capovilla
{"title":"Mechanisms of generation of signals in vertebrate photoreceptors.","authors":"L Cervetto,&nbsp;V Torre,&nbsp;M Capovilla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electrical responses of rods are analyzed in different ionic environments. It is shown that the dark level of the membrane potential is predominantly determined by a sodium current, while the peak of responses to bright light is controlled by the concentration of external potassium. The sag from the peak to the plateau of photoresponses seems to be generated by different ionic mechanism. The effects produced by substituting the external calcium with EGTA are also analyzed. It is suggested that calcium plays a role in different mechanisms of generation of electrical responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"316-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11334352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efferent system in the retina of the frog, Rana catesbiana. 青蛙视网膜上的传出系统。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
K Tasaki, Y Tsukahara, M Watanabe
{"title":"Efferent system in the retina of the frog, Rana catesbiana.","authors":"K Tasaki,&nbsp;Y Tsukahara,&nbsp;M Watanabe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single units were recorded through glass microelectrodes placed on the optic disk or on the retina of the opened eye of the frog (Rana catesbiana). Units were classified as A-, B-, and C-fibers according to conduction velocities. By the method of collision between naturally elicited and electrically elicited impulses, many of the B-fibers and some A- and C-fibers, which showed unusual behavior to photic stimulation, were found to be efferent fibers. Retinal effects of the efferent nerves were studied by repetitive stimulation and cooling of the optic nerve. The effects were found to be both inhibitory and excitatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"396-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11528438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of GABA on neuronal activities in the distal retina of the carp. GABA对鲤鱼远端视网膜神经元活动的影响。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
M Murakami, Y Shimoda, K Nakatani
{"title":"Effects of GABA on neuronal activities in the distal retina of the carp.","authors":"M Murakami,&nbsp;Y Shimoda,&nbsp;K Nakatani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When a transient depolarization was evoked in horizontal cells by a transretinal current pulse, a small hyperpolarizing deflection (probably IPSP) was detected in cones. The IPSP was abolished by superfusion of the retina with GABA-containing Ringer solution, which also hyperpolarized the cones. These results suggest that, in the dark, a GABA-mediated negative feedback was operating from horizontal cells to cones, and terminated in the light. Application of GABA also caused remarkable changes in spectral response curves of horizontal cells, mainly because of suppression of responses to monochromatic lights of longer wavelengths. Therefore, it was concluded that the feedback plays an important role in mechanisms of conversion from the trichromatic process in cones to the opponent color process in horizontal cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"334-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrically evoked responses (E-responses) of L-and C-type horizontal cells in the carp retina. 鲤鱼视网膜l型和c型水平细胞的电诱发反应(e -反应)。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
K Watanabe, Y Katagiri, Y Suda
{"title":"Electrically evoked responses (E-responses) of L-and C-type horizontal cells in the carp retina.","authors":"K Watanabe,&nbsp;Y Katagiri,&nbsp;Y Suda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrically evoked responses (E-responses) of L-and C-type horizontal cells produced by transretinal stimulation were studied under chromatic illumination in the carp retina. From the examination of E-S relations (E-response verus S-potential) and of the shape of both responses the following results were obtained: (1) Equilibrium potential of subsynaptic membrane is estimated as 0 to 10 mV above zero membrane potential. (2) L-cells receive signals from red-and probably from green-sensitive cones and feed them back to the former. (3) The depolarizing response to red light of C-cells is produced by delayed and reversed signals from L-cells. Thus the model proposed by W.K. Stell, D. O. Lightfoot, and T. G. Wheeler (Science, 1975, 190,989-990) is supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"326-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inputs to bipolar cell dendrites in goldfish retina. 金鱼视网膜双极细胞树突的输入。
Sensory processes Pub Date : 1978-12-01
W K Stell
{"title":"Inputs to bipolar cell dendrites in goldfish retina.","authors":"W K Stell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goldfish mixed bipolar cells, which contact both rods and cones, comprise two types; Ma, with axon terminals in the distal sublamina(a) and Mb, with axon terminals in the proximal sublamina(b) of the inner synaptic layer. Type Ma cells make only wide-cleft junctions (WCJ), whereas type Mb cells make only narrow-cleft junctions (NCJ) with rods and cores. It follows that WCJs mediate sign-conserving synaptic transmission to the center hyperpolarizing Ma cells, whereas NCJs mediate sign-inverting transmission to the center depolarizing Mb cells. Bipolar cell (BC) surrounds may be mediated largely through horizontal cell (HC) pathways. Type Ma BCs appear to be influenced primarily through HC feedback at cones and both feedback and nonribbon feedforward contacts at rods; in contrast most Mb BCs may be influenced by both HC feedback and ribbon-associated feedforward contacts at rods and cones, accounting for the greater complexity of Mb BC surrounds. BC subtypes Mal and Mbl, which contact only red-sensitive cones (+ rods), are likely to have red-opponent (non-color-coded) surrounds mediated by H1 (L-type) cone HCs; while subtypes Ma2 and Mb2 and 3, which contact also green-sensitive cones, are likely to have red + green-opponent (color-coded) surrounds mediated by H1 and H2 (R/G C-type) cone HCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":76537,"journal":{"name":"Sensory processes","volume":"2 4","pages":"339-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11955249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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