{"title":"[Radiography in parodontology using the long-cone parallel technic: justification, technological principles and practical application].","authors":"P A Adriaens, J De Boever","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiographs are an important aid in the periodontal examination and diagnosis. Since they are only the two-dimensional situation, it is important to use a technique that gives the best images. The long-cone paralleling technique meets the highest standards of image-quality. Geometric factors have an important influence on the dimensions and on the proportions of the different structures, especially the crown and the root length, the bone-height. Due to the greater distance between the radiation source and the film, the amount of radiation energy has to be increased. This is partly realised by an increased kilovoltage and milli-amperage. This increase also improves the contrast and the sharpness of the image. The focus-diameter, the film-thickness and the movements during the exposition-time are potential sources of blurring. However, the increased distance between the radiation source and the film reduces considerably the influence of these factors, so that the blurring is nearly invisible. Extra-oral radiographs, as orthopantomographs, are valuable as a first general image. Intra-oral long-cone radiographs are however essential if detailed images are required. The long-cone paralleling technique is based on the following principles: an increased distance between the radiation source and the film to obtain a bundle of parallel rays; an increased distance (except for the lower molar region) between the tooth and the film to obtain parallelism between the film and the long-axis of the tooth; the central beam must be directed perpendicularly to the long-axis of the tooth. If these simple principles are respected, the long-cone paralleling technique becomes a highly reliable method, although easy and fast to realise.</p>","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 2","pages":"44-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18001107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Changes in the world of the dentist].","authors":"J De Moor, J Vandendriessche","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 2","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18001110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Cephalometry: choice of a vertical reference line].","authors":"C Hedin, F Hedin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 2","pages":"53-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18001109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Caries and orthodontic problems at the age of 6 in our region].","authors":"M Limme, A Boniver, R von Frenckell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"20-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17997645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The effects of granulometry and alloy structure on the quality of the formed amalgam].","authors":"L Lemaitre, R D'Hauwers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"24-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17997646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Radiographic follow-up of primary molars following sclerosing amputation].","authors":"C M Boeve, L R Dermaut","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of pulpotomy with the formocresol technique (Tempophore) were studied in a sample of 72 patients between 3 and 9 years of age. A total of 137 primary molars were treated and a longitudinal radiographical follow-up was executed with an interval of 4 months. Eighteen pulpotomies (13%) failed; in twelve of them an interradicular abscess was developing and 6 of them failed by internal resorption. It was striking that a rather great number of the failures occurred under 3 years of age and in patients older than 9 years. A second remarkable result was the higher frequency of failures in the mandible (18%) than in the maxilla (4%). This study reveals that the pulpotomy by formocresol is a successful therapy, by which primary molars with extensive carious lesions can be preserved until their usual time of shedding.</p>","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17997647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The medical treatment of dentin].","authors":"J De Moor, R D'Hauwers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"37 1","pages":"16-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17997642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Impacted cuspid in the maxilla].","authors":"J A Baart","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76467,"journal":{"name":"Revue belge de medecine dentaire. Belgisch tijdschrift voor tandheelkunde","volume":"36 6","pages":"264-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17995819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}