Papua and New Guinea medical journal最新文献_第9页

The epidemiology of malaria in the Papua New Guinea highlands: 7. Southern Highlands Province. 7.巴布亚新几内亚高地疟疾流行病学:南高地省。

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Seri Maraga, Bianca Plüss, Sonja Schöpflin, Albert Sie, Jonah Iga, Moses Ousari, Simon Yala, Gaudentia Meier, John C Reeder, Ivo Mueller

{"title":"The epidemiology of malaria in the Papua New Guinea highlands: 7. Southern Highlands Province.","authors":"Seri Maraga, Bianca Plüss, Sonja Schöpflin, Albert Sie, Jonah Iga, Moses Ousari, Simon Yala, Gaudentia Meier, John C Reeder, Ivo Mueller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"As the last part of a program to survey the extent of malaria transmission in the Papua New Guinea highlands, a series of rapid malaria surveys were conducted in 2003-2004 and 2005 in different parts of Southern Highlands Province. Malaria was found to be highly endemic in Lake Kutubu (prevalence rate (PR): 17-33%), moderate to highly endemic in Erave (PR: 10-31%) and moderately endemic in low-lying parts (< 1500 m) of Poroma and Kagua (PR: 12-17%), but was rare or absent elsewhere. A reported malaria epidemic prior to the 2004 surveys could be confirmed for the Poroma (PR: 26%) but not for the lower Kagua area. In Kutubu/Erave Plasmodium falciparum was the most common cause of infection (42%), followed by P. vivax (39%) and P. malariae (16%). In other areas most infections were due to P. vivax (63%). Most infections were of low density (72% < 500/ microl) and not associated with febrile illness. Overall, malaria was only a significant source of febrile illness when prevalence rates rose above 10%, or in epidemics. However, concurrent parasitaemia led to a significant reduction in haemoglobin (Hb) level (1.2 g/dl, CI95: [1.1-1.4.], p < 0.001) and population mean Hb levels were strongly correlated with overall prevalence of malarial infections (r = -0.79, p < 0.001). Based on the survey results, areas of different malaria epidemiology are delineated and options for control in each area are discussed.","PeriodicalId":76302,"journal":{"name":"Papua and New Guinea medical journal","volume":"54 1-2","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31502984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin A status of pre-school-age children aged 6 to 59 months in the National Capital District, Papua New Guinea. 巴布亚新几内亚国家首都区6至59个月学龄前儿童的维生素A状况。

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Victor J Temple, Cecily Kaira, John D Vince, Isi H Kevau, Nigani Willie

{"title":"Vitamin A status of pre-school-age children aged 6 to 59 months in the National Capital District, Papua New Guinea.","authors":"Victor J Temple, Cecily Kaira, John D Vince, Isi H Kevau, Nigani Willie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Assessing the vitamin A status among pre-school-age children is essential for evaluating the magnitude and public health status of vitamin A deficiency in a population. This cross-sectional study assessed the vitamin A status of children aged 6 to 59 months resident in the National Capital District (NCD), Papua New Guinea. Children attending the Children's Outpatient Clinic at Port Moresby General Hospital participated in this study. Informed consent was obtained from parents before using blood samples from their children. Assay of plasma retinol was carried out using the 'Clin-Rep' complete kit for assay of vitamins A and E in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A commercial enzyme immunoassay kit was used to assay C-reactive protein (CRP) in plasma. Of the 132 children in the study 108 (82%) had received vitamin A capsules. The median plasma retinol concentration of the 132 children was 0.98 micromol/l and the interquartile range 0.65-1.38 micromol/l. Of the 132 children, 35 (27%) had a plasma retinol concentration below 0.70 micromol/l. 75 children (57%) had normal plasma CRP levels and in 57 (43%) the CRP levels were elevated. The median plasma retinol concentration of the children with normal plasma CRP was 1.19 micromol/l and the interquartile range 0.93-1.50 micromol/l. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in the children with normal plasma CRP was 11%, indicating a moderate public health problem. 74 (56%) males and 58 (44%) females were included in the study. The prevalence of VAD in the male and female children with normal plasma CRP was 14% and 8%, respectively, indicating a moderate public health problem among the male children and a mild public health problem among the female children. The prevalence of subclinical (mild to moderate) and marginal VAD among the children with and without elevated CRP strongly suggests the need for continuous monitoring of the vitamin A status of the vulnerable groups in NCD.","PeriodicalId":76302,"journal":{"name":"Papua and New Guinea medical journal","volume":"54 1-2","pages":"4-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31504065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zinc sulphate for treatment and prevention of diarrhoea and other conditions in children in Papua New Guinea. 用于治疗和预防巴布亚新几内亚儿童腹泻和其他疾病的硫酸锌。

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Trevor Duke

{"title":"Zinc sulphate for treatment and prevention of diarrhoea and other conditions in children in Papua New Guinea.","authors":"Trevor Duke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 10 years more than 40 randomized trials of zinc sulphate in diarrhoea have been done in developing countries throughout the world. Almost all have shown a benefit of zinc therapy for 5-10 days, if given with oral rehydration solution, in reducing the severity and duration of severe diarrhoea and preventing diarrhoea in the subsequent 3 months. Zinc has also been proven to reduce mortality in the management of children with severe malnutrition. Two studies have shown a benefit of zinc treatment on the clinical resolution of pneumonia and another study from Africa showed that zinc adjuvant treatment led to a significant reduction in mortality from pneumonia. Despite this overwhelming evidence, few countries in the Asia-Pacific region have scaled up the use of zinc in the treatment or prevention of diarrhoea or other infections. The reasons for this are several, including obstacles to incorporating new treatments into routine drug procurement and distribution mechanisms, and failure to appreciate the steps involved in the promotion of new routine treatments. A much higher priority must be given to ensuring that children with malnutrition, diarrhoea and other infections have access to zinc and oral rehydration solution--both of which are low-cost and life-saving treatments.","PeriodicalId":76302,"journal":{"name":"Papua and New Guinea medical journal","volume":"54 1-2","pages":"17-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31504071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective surgical management of penetrating anterior abdominal wounds at the Angau Memorial Hospital: a prospective study. 安高纪念医院选择性手术治疗腹前穿透伤:一项前瞻性研究。

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Kevin Lapu, M Mathew, G Gende, I Kevau

{"title":"Selective surgical management of penetrating anterior abdominal wounds at the Angau Memorial Hospital: a prospective study.","authors":"Kevin Lapu, M Mathew, G Gende, I Kevau","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Unlabelled: Trauma is a leading cause of admissions to the surgical ward in Papua New Guinea (PNG), accounting for about 35% of cases. Of these, 15% of cases are abdominal injuries, of which 19% are penetrating injuries. Selective surgical management of patients with a low-velocity anterior abdominal wound (AAW) is beneficial in some patients.Aim: To determine if selective surgical management is a viable therapeutic option in PNG.Methods: A non-random prospective study of consecutive cases was done on 60 patients with an AAW based entirely on clinical symptoms and signs. The outcome measures were length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Data were analysed using SPSS 10.0 for Windows and Microsoft Excel.Results: Immediate laparotomy was done on 24 (40%) of cases and 36 (60%) had nonoperative conservative management, of which 6 (17%) failed and went on to have laparotomy on demand. The average hospital stay was 4 days shorter (p = 0.0001) for the nonoperative group, which had significantly fewer complications (p = 0.01). No deaths were recorded in either of the two groups of patients.Conclusion: Selective nonoperative management of stable patients with an AAW with or without omental signs is a safe therapeutic option in PNG.","PeriodicalId":76302,"journal":{"name":"Papua and New Guinea medical journal","volume":"54 1-2","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31504070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case report of a thermal burns patient with diabetes insipidus. 热烧伤合并尿崩症1例报告。

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

G Gende, S James, M Garo

引用次数: 0

Two cases of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome presenting as bowel obstruction from intussusception. 2例Peutz-Jeghers综合征表现为肠套叠引起的肠梗阻。

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

G Gende, M Garo, O Poki

引用次数: 0

Acute bacterial meningitis in Papua New Guinea: new treatment guidelines in response to increasing antibiotic resistance. 巴布亚新几内亚急性细菌性脑膜炎:应对日益增加的抗生素耐药性的新治疗指南

Papua and New Guinea medical journal Pub Date : 2011-03-01

Moses Laman, Laurens Manning