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Neurobehavioral toxicology最新文献

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Use of discrimination behavior for the evaluation of toxicants. 鉴别行为在毒物评价中的应用。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
I Geller, E Gause, R J Hartmann, J Seifter
{"title":"Use of discrimination behavior for the evaluation of toxicants.","authors":"I Geller,&nbsp;E Gause,&nbsp;R J Hartmann,&nbsp;J Seifter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study involved the application of discrimination behavior for the study of effects of environmental contaminants on the behavior of laboratory animals. Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) was evaluated for effects on the acquisition and performance of a simple auditory discrimination by rats. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and carbon monoxide (CO) were evaluated for effects on a delayed match-to-sample discrimination task in the juvenile baboon. All of the contaminants slowed response times and increased extra responses. These findings suggest that discrimination behavior may be of value for the evaluation of environmental contaminants for effects on the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 Suppl 1 ","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11448549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A preliminary test battery for the investigation of the behavioral teratology of selected psychotropic drugs. 选定精神药物行为致畸研究的初步试验。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
R E Butcher, C V Vorhees
{"title":"A preliminary test battery for the investigation of the behavioral teratology of selected psychotropic drugs.","authors":"R E Butcher,&nbsp;C V Vorhees","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received 25 mg/kg of prochlorperazine, 20 mg/kg of fenfluramine, 75 mg/kg of propoxyphene or 200 mg/kg of diazepam daily between the 7th and 20th days of gestation. Vehicle control groups and a positive control group (vitamin A 40,000 IU/kg/day) were similarly prepared. Observations of reproductive performance were made and the offspring examined in a battery of neurobehavioral tests. Fenfluramine and prochlorperazine produced abnormalities in both the reproductive measures and neurobehavioral testing. Propoxyphene produced developmental delays and other signs of \"pure\" behavioral teratogenesis in that these effects were not anticipated in any of the observations of reproductive performance. Diazepam appeared to have the mildest effect on all the measurements taken. The test methods used in this study appear to be a reasonable initial approach to the development of neurobehavioral screening procedures which are comprehensive, sensitive, and usable.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 Suppl 1 ","pages":"207-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11512579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of carbon monoxide on operant behavior of laboratory rats and baboons. 一氧化碳对实验大鼠和狒狒操作行为的影响。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
I Geller, V Mendez, M Hamilton, R J Hartmann, E Gause
{"title":"Effects of carbon monoxide on operant behavior of laboratory rats and baboons.","authors":"I Geller,&nbsp;V Mendez,&nbsp;M Hamilton,&nbsp;R J Hartmann,&nbsp;E Gause","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon monoxide (CO) was evaluated for its effects on the operant behavior of laboratory rats and juvenile baboons. For the rat studies the procedures included a 2-min variable interval (2-min VI) or fixed interval (2-min FI) schedule of reinforcement, a 60:1 fixed ratio (FR) schedule and a multiple fixed ratio, fixed interval (FR:FI) schedule. Carbon monoxide concentrations of 50-200 ppm for 2-hr exposure periods produced minimal effects on VI rates. Response rates were increased for all animals somewhere in the concentration range of 25-200 ppm. Response rates were depressed at 500 ppm CO. Behavioral effects at 50 ppm CO were not correlated with blood CO levels. Data averaged for grops of three animals show FI rate increased slightly above controls at 50 and 100 ppm CO and decreased at 200 ppm. FR rate increased at 50 ppm and decreased at 100 and 200 ppm. For the baboon studies, a delayed match-to-sample discrimination task was used. The effects of CO (6 hr per day over a 5-day period) on the discrimination task was limited to an occasional mistake by an animal. CO did produce a slowing of the animals' response times as well as an increase of extra responses during the delay intervals. The changes in extra responses were dose related.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 3","pages":"179-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11754956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reproductive dysfunction in male rats following neonatal administration of monosodium L-glutamate. 雄性大鼠新生期服用l -谷氨酸钠后的生殖功能障碍。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
W J Pizzi, J E Barnhart, J R Unnerstall
{"title":"Reproductive dysfunction in male rats following neonatal administration of monosodium L-glutamate.","authors":"W J Pizzi,&nbsp;J E Barnhart,&nbsp;J R Unnerstall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was administered to neonatal rats according to an increasing dose schedule from days 2-11 after birth. Adult MSG-treated male rats showed reproductive deficits along with stunted body lengths and reduced testes weights. These results demonstrate that MSG is capable of producing reproductive deficits in the rat similar to those seen in the mouse. These results are discussed in light of the methodological differences between those studies reporting positive or negative findings on reproductive function in MSG-treated mice and rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11755053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monosodium glutamate-induced changes of aggression and open-field activity in rats. 谷氨酸钠诱导大鼠攻击行为和野外活动的变化。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
L T Carter, L Levesque
{"title":"Monosodium glutamate-induced changes of aggression and open-field activity in rats.","authors":"L T Carter,&nbsp;L Levesque","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twenty Sprague-Dawley rat pups received injections of 2 mg/g, 4 mg/g monosodium glutamate (MSG) or physiological saline (mean volume) subcutaneous daily for the first 10 days of life. At 70 and 90 days, rats were tested for open-field and aggressive responding, respectively. Body weights were recorded throughout development. When compared to the control group, results indicated: (1) significantly lowered body weights for both MSG-injected groups with the 4 mg/g group showing the greatest weight suppression, (2) a significant decrease in open-field activity for the 2 mg/g MSG group, with the 4 mg/g MSG group not quite reaching a statistically significant decreases, (3) significant decreases in aggressive responding of both MSG groups. The decrease in open-field activity supports the type of MSG-induced behavioral suppression previously reported for rodents, while an MSG-induced decrease in aggression has not been previously documented.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 4","pages":"247-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11779116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reinforcing properties of inhaled substances. 吸入物质的增强特性。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
R W Wood
{"title":"Reinforcing properties of inhaled substances.","authors":"R W Wood","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhaled substances can support behavior by acting as reinforcing stimulus events. The deliberate inhalation of volatile materials is attributable to the positively reinforcing properties of these substances and can induce profound toxicity. On the other hand, inhaled substances can also be aversive, e.g., corrosives, certain solvents, and combustion products. Both positive and negative reinforcing properties of inhaled materials can be used to support the behavior of laboratory animals. Several rules of evidence should be met, however, to demonstrate conclusively that an inhalant has such properties. Such properties should be considered in industrial hygiene and environmental quality decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 Suppl 1 ","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11607052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of chronic lead ingestion on social development in infant rhesus monkeys. 慢性铅摄入对婴儿恒河猴社会发育的影响。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
P J Bushnell, R E Bowman
{"title":"Effects of chronic lead ingestion on social development in infant rhesus monkeys.","authors":"P J Bushnell,&nbsp;R E Bowman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The social behavior of infant rhesus monkeys during the first year of life was examined under a variety of lead (Pb) exposure conditions in four separate experiments. Daily ingestion of PB acetate in milk for one year elevated blood Pb levels to 30-100 microgram/dl, suppressed play, increased social clinging, and exacerbated the disruption of social behavior caused by changing the play environment midway through the year of observation. The presence of control monkeys in social test-groups reduced the magnitude of Pb-induced social behavior changes. In contrast to daily postnatal Pb exposure, chronic exposure to Pb during gestation had no measurable effect on postnatal social development, and acute, transient postnatal Pb exposure (producing blood Pb levels > 200 microgram/dl during month 2 of life) affected only the monkeys' response to the change in the plan environment. These data suggest that daily ingestion of Pb, and not a previously-acquired tissue burden, was responsible for the long-term changes in social development observed. The results are discussed in the general context of primate social development, which is thought to require adequate interactive play for appropriate social integration and reproductive behavior at maturity.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 3","pages":"207-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11754777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hippocampal afterdischarges and their post-ictal sequelae in rats: a potential tool for assessment of CNS neurotoxicity. 大鼠海马放电及其产后后遗症:一种评估中枢神经毒性的潜在工具。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
R S Dyer, H S Swartzwelder, C U Eccles, Z Annau
{"title":"Hippocampal afterdischarges and their post-ictal sequelae in rats: a potential tool for assessment of CNS neurotoxicity.","authors":"R S Dyer,&nbsp;H S Swartzwelder,&nbsp;C U Eccles,&nbsp;Z Annau","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two types of AD and post-AD sequences are described. Type 1, which were most common (83%), are followed by a profound post-ictal depression (PID). PIDs can be quantitatively measured by integrating the EEG. The post-ictal EEG power normally returned to 75% of its prestimulation power within 4-5 min. PIDs are usually interrupted by a brief rebound AD, occurring about 1.5 min after the end of the AD. Wet dog shakes (WDSs) often punctuate the end of the AD and the end of the rebound AD. Type II ADs (12% of those recorded) do not have profound PID, but do have irregular post-ictal spikes which may persist for over 30 min. Type IIa ADs do not have the post-ictal spikes or the PID, and represented 5% of the ADs recorded. Females had higher AD thresholds than males, and had more Type IIa ADs than males during threshold testing. AD durations were longest in the subiculum and shortest in the area dentata. Correlations among the different measures of AD activity are discussed. With repeated elicitation, AD and PID durations increased. Stimuli 400% of threshold produced shorter ADs and longer PIDs than stimuli 115% of threshold. High intensity stimuli did not significantly alter frequency of WDSs or rebound AD characteristics. Increasing dosages of sodium pentobarbital decreased AD duration, increased threshold, decreased the probability of a Type I AD and produced depressions which were not accompanied by rebound ADs. At the highest (30 mg/kg) dosage of sodium pentobarbital, the spike frequency within the AD was decreased. When PIDs occurred, they were somewhat longer at higher dosages of sodium pentobarbital. The feasibility of the AD as an index of neurotoxicity is discussed, and it is concluded that it may provide a valuable mirror of dysfunction in the hippocampal formation. Further work must determine its sensitivity to toxicant-induced alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11754950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of carbon disulfide on motor function and responsiveness to d-amphetamine in rats. 二硫化碳对大鼠运动功能及对d-安非他明反应性的影响。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
H A Tilson, P A Cabe, E H Ellinwood, L P Gonzalez
{"title":"Effects of carbon disulfide on motor function and responsiveness to d-amphetamine in rats.","authors":"H A Tilson,&nbsp;P A Cabe,&nbsp;E H Ellinwood,&nbsp;L P Gonzalez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male, albino rats of the Fisher strain were exposed to 2 mg carbon disulfide/l of air for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Neurobehavioral effects were not observed after 3 weeks of dosing, but hindlimb extensor responses and performance on the inclined screen (motor coordination) were impaired after 6 weeks of exposure. Forelimb grip strength and exploratory locomotor activity were not affected. Three weeks after cessation of dosing, recovery of function was observed. Rats exposed to CS2 for 6 weeks were found to be stimulated less than air ventilated controls by 3 mg/kg of d-amphetamine. In addition, d-amphetamine-induced augmentation of an acoustic startle response was attenuated in CS2 exposed rats. These data suggest that repeated exposure to CS2 affects the availability of brain norepinephrine for release. Enhanced responsiveness to the stereotypic effects of a high dose of d-amphetamine (6 mg/kg) suggested changes in functioning of dopaminergic systems. Three weeks after cessation of dosing, there was no difference between groups in their response to d-amphetamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11754951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of toxicants on the somatosensory system. 毒物对躯体感觉系统的影响。
Neurobehavioral toxicology Pub Date : 1979-01-01
J P Maurissen
{"title":"Effects of toxicants on the somatosensory system.","authors":"J P Maurissen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A computerized system for an objective and accurate study of vibration sensitivity has been designed. Sensitivity can be assessed in human as well as nonhuman primates. Its usefulness in the study of peripheral nerve disorders induced by chemical exposure is emphasized.</p>","PeriodicalId":76207,"journal":{"name":"Neurobehavioral toxicology","volume":"1 Suppl 1 ","pages":"23-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11342375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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