Monographs in pathology最新文献

{"title":"Asbestos-related disease in the workplace and the environment: controversial issues.","authors":"A Churg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asbestos-related diseases continue to be sources of controversy for epidemiologist, clinician, and pathologist. Most investigators agree that the different fiber types behave differently in the lung, with chrysotile being rapidly removed, and amphibole persisting. These differences in biologic behavior probably account for the much greater disease potential of amphibole (amosite and crocidolite) compared with chrysotile asbestos, particularly in regard to mesothelioma induction in man. Asbestosis is defined as diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung caused by asbestos exposure, and this is the only condition to which the term asbestosis should be applied. The classical pathologic diagnostic criteria for asbestosis, namely the presence of diffuse interstitial fibrosis resembling usual interstitial pneumonia, and asbestos bodies visible in ordinary tissue sections, have proved to withstand the test of time. Cases without asbestos bodies visible in routine or iron-stained tissue sections almost never turn out to be asbestosis. It should be remembered that workers with asbestos exposure develop all of the interstitial lung diseases to which the remainder of the populace is subject; some of these conditions are treatable and should not be misdiagnosed as asbestosis, which is not treatable. There is strong epidemiologic and pathologic evidence that the only association of asbestos exposure and lung cancer is the association of asbestosis and lung cancer. Thus, a lung cancer should only be attributed to asbestos exposure when asbestosis is present on clinical or pathologic grounds. The histologic type and location of the tumor are irrelevant in this regard. Analytical electron microscopy indicates that chrysotile asbestos does induce mesothelioma in man, but that extremely high levels of retained fibers, levels as high as those seen in cases of asbestosis, are required for this event to occur. The weight of the evidence suggests that exposure of the general population to the very low levels of chrysotile that are found in some public building (levels not greatly different from ambient air) will never produce mesothelioma, asbestosis, or lung cancer because these diseases all appear to require quite high-level occupational chrysotile exposure. Even if one accepts the ideas (probably wrong) that any level of asbestos exposure carries a risk of cancer, and that mathematical extrapolation of risk from high-level occupational exposure to low-level building exposure is scientifically valid, the calculated risks are much smaller than real everyday risks such as driving to work. Thus, exposure to asbestos at environmental levels appears to produce no real dangers to health.</p>","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 36","pages":"54-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19100495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wegener's granulomatosis in the 1990s--a pulmonary pathologist's perspective.","authors":"T V Colby,&nbsp;U Specks","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis and classification of vasculitic syndromes in general requires a correlation of clinical histologic and serologic data. Classifications based solely on clinical or histologic features have proven unsatisfactory. WG is no exception, and proper diagnosis and management of patients with WG requires careful correlation of all available clinical, radiographic, serologic, and histologic data by experienced individuals. Active discourse between the clinician and pathologist frequently helps in the decision as to how to proceed in an individual case and whether or not further diagnostic tests are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 36","pages":"195-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19100493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"C Kuhn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 36","pages":"78-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19100496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current concepts in follicular tumors of the thyroid.","authors":"V A LiVolsi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 35","pages":"118-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19484694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathobiology of the C-cells.","authors":"S B Baylin,&nbsp;A C de Bustros,&nbsp;D W Ball,&nbsp;B D Nelkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This brief review of the pathobiology of C-cells has stressed cellular and molecular aspects of MTC development. In the genetic forms of MTC, an alteration in one or more genes on chromosome 10, through an as yet unknown series of events, results in initial hyperproliferation of C-cells. Subsequent genetic steps, possibly at other chromosome loci, presumably result in selected clonal transformation of the hyperproliferative C-cells at risk for tumor development. Some of these same molecular events are probably operative in the development of sporadic MTC as well. Once MTC has developed, it has the potential to undergo tumor progression events which result in loss of C-cell differentiation. Studies in a culture model of these events have revealed that activation of signal transduction pathways, similar to those active in differentiation of other neural crest-derived cells, can restore differentiation features of normal C-cells to MTC. Continued identification of the molecular factors mediating this restoration should teach us much about the relationships between general neural crest differentiation and that of normal C-cells. It will also reveal much about the pathobiology of C-cells contributing to each step of MTC development.</p>","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 35","pages":"63-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19484698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Papillary carcinoma.","authors":"J Rosai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 35","pages":"138-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19484695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pathology of medullary thyroid carcinoma and its precursors.","authors":"R A DeLellis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 35","pages":"72-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19484699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies in prostate pathology: dysplasia and carcinoma in situ.","authors":"J I Epstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years we have made great strides in our understanding of various atypical lesions within the prostate. This clarity originated with the recognition that lesions of atypical hyperplasia of the prostate are diverse both in their histology and in their potential relationship to adenocarcinoma. While the possible relationship of adenosis to carcinoma is still somewhat controversial, there has been a growing body of histological, histochemical, and immunohistological evidence demonstrating that intraductal dysplasia (PIN) is closely linked to some forms of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Whether there are significant differences in the relationship of intraductal dysplasia to clinically detectable peripherally located adenocarcinoma and centrally located incidentally found carcinomas needs additional clarification. Further studies on all forms of atypical hyperplasia are still required to determine their relative risk of developing carcinoma, similar to those that have been recently published on various atypical hyperplastic lesions within the breast. In order for these studies to be successful, better imaging techniques of the prostate must become available to rule out invasive carcinoma already being present when one of the forms of atypical hyperplasia is identified on biopsy. Additional directions of research in the future will also undoubtedly probe the molecular biology of various forms of atypical hyperplasia, in particular intraductal dysplasia and its relationship to carcinoma, although at this time the molecular characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the prostate is still in its infancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 34","pages":"149-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12579437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics of tumorigenesis and multidrug resistance in urinary bladder cancer.","authors":"R S Weinstein","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 34","pages":"6-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12578542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kash Mostofi, M.D.: a tribute.","authors":"R S Weinstein,&nbsp;W A Gardner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76185,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in pathology","volume":" 34","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12579434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}