Methods and achievements in experimental pathology最新文献_第2页

The major mechanisms of stress. 应力的主要机制。

Methods and achievements in experimental pathology Pub Date : 1991-01-01

H Laborit

引用次数: 0

Anatomy of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. 下丘脑-垂体轴解剖。

Methods and achievements in experimental pathology Pub Date : 1991-01-01

G Pelletier

{"title":"Anatomy of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.","authors":"G Pelletier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The recent discovery of several hypothalamic factors involved in the regulation of anterior pituitary function and the development of sensitive immunocytochemical techniques have greatly contributed to a better identification of the hypothalamic nuclei and individual neurons involved in the production of the hypophysiotropic factors. Each peptidergic factor is produced by a group of parvocellular neurons located in different hypothalamic areas and projecting to the external zone of the median eminence. These results obtained in the last few years fully confirm previous data obtained on the basis of lesion experiments which had established that the hypophysiotropic areas were localized in the hypothalamus. Studies performed at the electron-microscopic level indicate that hypophysiotropic peptidergic factors are contained in dense core vesicles within the cytoplasm of neuronal cell bodies. From there, the dense core vesicles migrate along the axons to reach the external zone of the median eminence where they are stored in endings. On appropriate stimulation, the hormones are released into the capillaries of the pituitary portal plexus. These parvocellular neurosecretory systems then appear to be very similar to the classic magnocellular neurosecretory systems involved in the secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin (fig. 1).","PeriodicalId":76154,"journal":{"name":"Methods and achievements in experimental pathology","volume":"14 ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13103550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of brain, pituitary and spleen corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the stress response. 脑、垂体和脾促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子受体在应激反应中的作用。

Methods and achievements in experimental pathology Pub Date : 1991-01-01

E B De Souza, D E Grigoriadis, E L Webster

{"title":"Role of brain, pituitary and spleen corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the stress response.","authors":"E B De Souza, D E Grigoriadis, E L Webster","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"CRF plays a fundamental role in integrating stress-related responses throughout the neuro-immuno-endocrine axis. Its endocrine effects include actions at the pituitary level to stimulate the synthesis and release of POMC-derived peptides. CRF acts within the CNS to integrate the autonomic, behavioral, endocrine and immune responses to stress. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that CRF may have direct actions on immunocytes to modulate immune function in the periphery. The actions of CRF in CNS, pituitary, and spleen are mediated by specific, high-affinity membrane receptors with similar kinetic and pharmacological properties. CRF receptors in these various tissues are functionally linked to a guanine nucleotide binding protein mediating stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Chemical affinity cross-linking studies demonstrated that the molecular weight of the CRF receptor-binding protein is different in central versus peripheral tissues and that the differences observed in molecular weights are due to the microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate moieties on the receptors in the two types of tissues. In autoradiographic studies, CRF receptors were localized in highest densities in anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary, and in brain regions involved in cognitive function, in limbic areas involved in emotion and in brain areas regulating autonomic and other stress-related responses. In spleen, CRF binding sites were localized in the macrophage-rich red pulp and marginal zones surrounding the white pulp regions. Studies examining the effects of CRF administration on local cerebral glucose utilization demonstrated differential changes in glucose utilization in brain regions that have been implicated in mediating the effects of CRF in a variety of homeostatic systems and the organism's ability to respond to stress. Overall, these data provide additional evidence for a physiological role for CRF in the brain-endocrine-immune axis and further support the importance of this neuro-peptide in coordinating the response to stress.","PeriodicalId":76154,"journal":{"name":"Methods and achievements in experimental pathology","volume":"14 ","pages":"23-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12824320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cellular and molecular changes in the heart during stress or exercise. 压力或运动时心脏细胞和分子的变化。

Methods and achievements in experimental pathology Pub Date : 1991-01-01

M Hansen, H Rupp

引用次数: 0

Genetic basis of increased sensitivity to environmental stress in hypertension. 高血压患者环境应激敏感性增高的遗传基础。

Methods and achievements in experimental pathology Pub Date : 1991-01-01

P Hamet, D Malo, J Tremblay

引用次数: 0

The biology and physiology of the heat shock and glucose-regulated stress protein systems. 热休克和葡萄糖调节应激蛋白系统的生物学和生理学。

Methods and achievements in experimental pathology Pub Date : 1991-01-01

A R Black, J R Subjeck