Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique最新文献

{"title":"Modelling and simulation in medicine and life sciences.","authors":"G I Mihalas","doi":"10.3109/14639239808995020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239808995020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modelling and Simulation in Medicine and Life Sciences' was the topic of a workshop held in Copenhagen at MIE'96 and of a session in Zakopane in 1997. A survey of some of the papers presented at these meetings and selected for this issue is made. The selection was made according to the topics, referring to modelling and simulation of fundamental biological processes: dynamic behaviour of the human respiratory system, wave propagation in normal and infarcted myocardium, electrical field generated by the heart, human chest conductivity, and depth perception in binocular vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 2","pages":"93-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239808995020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20585519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling biological depth perception in binocular vision: the local disparity estimation.","authors":"D Lungeanu,&nbsp;C Popa,&nbsp;S Hotca,&nbsp;G Macovievici","doi":"10.3109/14639239808995025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239808995025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an approach to solving the correspondence problem in binocular vision and to computing the local horizontal disparity map using a biologically inspired algorithm. A computer application was developed as a tool for implementing, developing, and testing computational models for stereopsis, and also as a framework for integrating the disparity map with other perspective clues. Two models for stereopsis have been implemented. One of them is biologically inspired (it models the behaviour of simple and complex cells from the striate cortex) and the other is the 'classical' model of David Marr and Tomaso Poggio, implemented in order to have a comparison term for the simulation results. The paper details the results obtained on random-dot stereograms and on pairs of real images.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 2","pages":"131-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239808995025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20584826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient fault-tolerant out-patient order entry system based on special distributed client/server architecture.","authors":"C T Chuang","doi":"10.3109/14639239808995026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239808995026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An automatic order entry system is very important for processing out-patient information. This system not only helps physicians to enter their orders directly, but can also reduce order communication error and thus improve medical quality. Therefore, many hospitals have high aspirations to generate and implement direct order entry systems, but they are also concerned about the setbacks of system failure. In this paper, we present an effective and efficient fault-tolerant order entry system based on special distribution client/server architecture that satisfies the requirements of out-patient order entry very well. From the experimental results carried out on a prototype, we found that this system can improve the system response time of order entry and can also generate an operational method having a user friendly interface. The physicians can enter their orders easily, accurately, directly, flexibly and at a faster rate by making choices from standardized and personalized menus in this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 2","pages":"145-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239808995026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20584829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave propagation simulation in normal and infarcted myocardium: computational and modelling issues.","authors":"N Maglaveras,&nbsp;F J Van Capelle,&nbsp;J M De Bakker","doi":"10.3109/14639239808995022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239808995022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Simulation of propagating action potentials (PAP) in normal and abnormal myocardium is used for the understanding of mechanisms responsible for eliciting dangerous arrhythmias. One- and two-dimensional models dealing with PAP properties are reviewed in this paper viewed both from the computational and mathematical aspects. These models are used for linking theoretical and experimental results. The discontinuous nature of the PAP is demonstrated through the combination of experimental and theoretically derived results. In particular it can be shown that for increased intracellular coupling resistance the PAP upstroke phase properties (Vmax, dV/dtmax and tau foot) change considerably, and in some cases non-monotonically with increased coupling resistance. It is shown that tau foot) is a parameter that is very sensitive to the cell's distance to the stimulus site, the stimulus strength and the coupling resistance. In particular it can be shown that in a one-dimensional structure the tau foot value can increase dramatically for lower coupling resistance values near the stimulus site and subsequently can be reduced as we move to distances larger than five resting length constants from the stimulus site. The tau foot variability is reduced with increased coupling resistance, rendering the lower coupling resistance structures, under abnormal excitation sequences, more vulnerable to conduction block and arrhythmias. Using the theory of discontinuous propagation of the PAP in the myocardium it is demonstrated that for specific abnormal situations in the myocardium, such as infarcted tissue, one- and two-dimensional models can reliably simulate propagation characteristics and explain complex phenomena such as propagation at bifurcation sites and mechanisms of block and re-entry. In conclusion it is shown that applied mathematics and informatics can help in elucidating electrophysiologically complex mechanisms such as arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the myocardium.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 2","pages":"105-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239808995022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20585521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling dual isotope parathyroid scans: objective decision making for tumour detection.","authors":"H E Sewell,&nbsp;W B Tindale,&nbsp;E A Trowbridge","doi":"10.3109/14639239808995027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239808995027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parathyroid subtraction imaging using the radioisotopes thallium-201 and technetium-99m was first described in 1983. Since then it has become a routine method for the pre-operative localization of parathyroid tumours. Despite its widespread use, the interpretation of the subtraction images remains very subjective. This paper describes and evaluates an automatic objective method for the analysis of parathyroid scans. The method is based on the calculation of a likelihood ratio (the probability of obtaining a count in a given pixel if a tumour is present divided by the probability of obtaining that same count if a tumour is not present). The likelihood ratio is calculated for each pixel in a subtraction image. The calculated value is compared with a threshold. Pixels with likelihood ratios greater than the threshold are classified as belonging to tumour sites. Pixels with likelihood ratios less than, or equal to, the threshold are classified as belonging to 'no tumour' sites. The probability density functions required were obtained from computer simulated images. The likelihood ratio technique has a similar sensitivity and specificity to that of experienced human observers analysing computer simulated images. Furthermore, it is a completely automatic method which can provide the basis of a decision support system.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 2","pages":"159-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239808995027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20584833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert system support using Bayesian belief networks in the prognosis of head-injured patients of the ICU.","authors":"G C Nikiforidis,&nbsp;G C Sakellaropoulos","doi":"10.3109/14639239809001387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239809001387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study concerns the construction and operation of a Bayesian analytical system, namely a Bayesian belief network (BBN) for the prognosis at 24 h of head-injured patients of the intensive care unit. The construction of a BBN incorporates the maintenance of a large database including all the critical variables corresponding to the specific clinical domain. This database is processed to provide the necessary libraries of conditional probability values. BBNs permit the combination of prognostic evidence in a cumulative manner and provide a quantitative measure of certainty in the final decision. The user views the changes at each step, thus being capable of deciding upon the necessary pieces of information in order to reach a certain belief threshold. The system produces results that are compatible with the opinions of medical experts regarding the prognosis of patients exhibiting certain patterns of clinical or laboratory data.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239809001387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20538398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and utilization of a drug information system in the Japanese pharmaceutical industry.","authors":"M Yamamoto,&nbsp;Y Onaka,&nbsp;K Sakakibara,&nbsp;H Negi,&nbsp;S Funabashi,&nbsp;T Hirata,&nbsp;T Kawasaki,&nbsp;H Saito,&nbsp;T Kawai,&nbsp;S Okada","doi":"10.3109/14639239809001389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239809001389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceutical companies are responsible for providing updated, relevant information on the efficacy, safety and quality of drugs to medical professionals and finally to patients. To fulfill this responsibility, we must always endeavour to collect and evaluate the relevant information. We developed a drug information database system called Advanced Medical Online Network of Daiichi (AMOND) to manage various information generated during development of new products and after launch of the products using the classification format for retrieval. This system has been used for 9 years for the purpose of supporting medical representatives who play a primary role in the drug information services in the pharmaceutical industry. This system is incorporated into an on-line network system, and can be directly accessed by more than 1200 people at 11 branch offices and more than 110 subbranches all over the country. We upgraded this system to AMOND-II to improve the function, including retrieval and output abilities. As a result, utilization by users of this system increased six times. We report on the improved system, AMOND-II and our experience of the system.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 1","pages":"31-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239809001389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20538400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of a paediatric link collection by health professionals and laypersons.","authors":"C U Lehmann,&nbsp;D J Wang,&nbsp;G R Kim,&nbsp;K Johnson","doi":"10.3109/14639239809001391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239809001391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet is an evolving resource for health-care information. However little information exists on providers' and other web patrons' usage of the 'medical' Internet. This study aims to characterize the users of a large paediatric link collection, describe their objectives and track their use of the information provided by the site. We utilized a paediatric link collection called the Pediatric Points of Interest (POI) and a combination of a questionnaire, unique user identifier and link-tracking system to collect data about POI patrons' demographics and Internet resource utilization. During a five week period, 5216 individuals visited the POI and requested 36,187 links. The majority of users had less than one year of Internet experience and were first-time visitors to the POI. More than 83% of users were from North America. Medical professionals were more likely to return to the POI during the study period and reported visiting the POI mainly for 'medical education', 'research', 'resource identification', and 'disease specific information'; they proceeded primarily to the resource categories 'Medical Institutions and Agencies' (32%) and 'Professional Education and Resources' (28%). Laypersons expressed the greatest interest in 'disease specific information' and 'patient education' and most frequently visited the category. 'Patient Education' (42%). On average, users were able to identify resources related to their stated goals within one level of searching. Health care providers and other web patrons are actively utilizing Internet sites to seek medical information and are able to identify resources with a minimum of searching.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 1","pages":"53-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239809001391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20537793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizing medical networked information (OMNI).","authors":"F Norman","doi":"10.3109/14639239809001390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239809001390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Internet has become a major source of biomedical information over the last 5 years. Several projects have recently been established to help users find respectable information sources quickly. OMNI (Organizing Medical Networked Information) is one such filtering and indexing project. OMNI has focused on the quality of information and the application to Internet resources of standard tools for organizing information such as the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings and the Dublin Core metadata format. Now two years old, the OMNI project fulfils a valuable role for the UK biomedical community, through its gateway service (http:@omni.ac.uk), its printed resource guides and its training workshop programme. OMNI is also a focus for biomedical metadata activities in the UK. The gateway continues to grow in size and further work on information quality issues and integration is planned.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 1","pages":"43-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239809001390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20538401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A web interface for multimedia electronic patient record: consensual validation of the Aquitaine Health Information Network prototypes.","authors":"L Labreze,&nbsp;P Lagouarde,&nbsp;C Dakin,&nbsp;J L Renaud-Salis","doi":"10.3109/14639239809001393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/14639239809001393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PromptPR patient record originates from the research and development project DILEMMA (1992-94) and has been undertaken in the context of the research project PROMPT (4th Framework Health Telematics). Here we present the work undertaken with the doctors of the project RISA (Réseau d'Information de Santé en Aquitaine) in order to adapt the patient record to their various practical medical conditions. Effectively, there are implications for general practitioners, the private sector and hospital personnel. The richness of the workgroup and the adoption of a participative methodology, guided by the demands of the end-users allowed the creation of an electronic patient record (EPR) sufficiently simple and generic as to serve as a common base for both general practitioners and hospital medical staff. Independent of this system, the multimedia interface presented is based on frames, which enables visualization of the EPR either vertically or horizontally, with access to both the multimedia and external documentation of the patient. This web interface is the result of a consensus of opinion within the group.</p>","PeriodicalId":76132,"journal":{"name":"Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique","volume":"23 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/14639239809001393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20538403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}