American Journal of Applied Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Removal of Sulphides and Benzene in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Gasoline by Insitu Hydrogenation Over NbFAPSO-5","authors":"N. Mominou, Lei Wang, Badohok Sarki","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAC.20190702.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAC.20190702.13","url":null,"abstract":"Niobium containing aluminophosphate molecular sieve (NbFAPSO-5) was hydrothermally synthesized with AlPO-5 type structure. Characterization of this catalyst was performed by X-ray diffraction to determine its structure, inductive coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for its elemental composition and infrared spectrometry (IR) to access its acidic properties. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed well AlPO-5 type structure. ICP-AES analysis confirmed the incorporation of silicon (12.9%), aluminium (15.4%), phosphorous (21.9%), iron (5.62%) and niobium (0.39%) into AlPO-5 framework. Infrared spectrometry analysis showed that both Bronsted and Lewis sites were found in the synthesized sample. A fixed-bed reactor was used to investigate the activity of the resulting catalysts in the removal of sulfides and benzene in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline. Under suitable conditions of a metal loading of 15%, a reaction temperature of 423K, a reaction time of 30 min, a space velocity of 3 h-1, and a reaction pressure of 1 MPa; desulfurization and debenzolization ratios reach 100% and 19.9% respectively. Research octane number of the gasoline increased by two units. This remarkable behavior makes NbFAPSO-5 family, a potential candidate for industrial application as catalysts in the clean fuel.","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89382832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of an Entophytic Ethanol Resistant Bacterium from Sap of Saccharum officinarum for Efficient Fermentation","authors":"R. Hewawasam, S. Weliwegamage, S. Rajapakse, S. Sotheeswaran","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAC.20190702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAC.20190702.11","url":null,"abstract":"Bio fuel is one of the emerging industries around the world due to arise of crisis in petroleum fuel. Fermentation is a cost effective and eco-friendly process in production of bio-fuel. One major problem in microbial ethanol fermentation is the low resistance of conventional microorganisms to the high ethanol concentrations, which ultimately lead to decrease in the efficiency of the process. In the present investigation, an ethanol resistant bacterium was isolated from sap of Saccharum officinarum (sugar cane). The optimal cultural conditions such as, temperature, incubation period, and microbiological characteristics, morphological characteristics, biochemical characteristics, ethanol tolerance, sugar tolerance were investigated. Isolated microorganism was tolerated to 18% (V/V) of ethanol concentration in the medium and 35% (V/V) glucose concentration in the medium. Biochemical characteristics have revealed as Gram negative, non-motile, negative for Indole test, Methyl Red test, Voges- Proskauer`s test, Citrate Utilization test, and Urease test and positive results for Oxidase test. Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose, Maltose, Dextrose, Arabinose, Raffinose, Lactose, and Sachcharose can be utilized by this particular bacterium. It is a significant feature in effective fermentation. The fermentation process was carried out in glucose medium under optimum conditions; temperature 30°C, and incubated for 72 hours. Maximum ethanol production was recorded as 12.8±0.4% (V/V). Methanol was not detected throughout the fermentation process. This bacterium is especially useful in bio-fuel production due to high ethanol tolerance of this microorganism; it can be used to enhance the fermentation process over conventional microorganisms. Investigations are currently conducted on establishing the identity of the bacterium.","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80372407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Assessment of Arsenic in Cosmetic Face-creams by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer","authors":"X. Tan, Hong Cai Liu, Zhuming Wang, Minwu Liu","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAC.20190701.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAC.20190701.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presented the arsenic determination in four different brands of cosmetic face-creams to provide valuable information on the safety levels for consumers. The cosmetic samples were decomposed by acidic digestion method and then taken for arsenic quantification using inductively coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The digestion efficiency of acid mixtures including concentrated HNO3, HNO3–HClO4, HNO3–H2O2 and aqua regia was discussed in terms of digestion loss and time consumption. The ICP-AES analyzing results, with determination recoveries of 95.4% ~ 105.2% and relative standard deviations less than 3.0% (n = 5), revealed arsenic contents in the face-creams are in the ranges of 0.68 ~ 3.28 mg·kg−1. Obviously, the arsenic contents in some of the studied brands exceed the maximum recommended value of 2.0 mg·kg−1 set by China. These results lead to the conclusion that constant control of arsenic content in cosmetics should be seriously considered. The successful arsenic determination in cosmetic face-creams by digestion pattern of concentrated HNO3, with simplicity, higher efficiency, less reagent consumption and less analytical time well demonstrates the good analytical capability of this method, promising a great possibility for large batches of cosmetic toxic metal monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87377587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Efficacy of Maytenus emarginata (Wild.) Ding Hou Against Paraquat Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity in Drosophila Model System","authors":"Leelaja Bhadravathi Chandrappa, Panduranga Murthy Govinda Shetty, Ravishankar Doddarasinakere Kempaiah, Jayaramu Neelakantanalli, Dharshan Raj Chenna Govindaraju, Rayankula Naidu","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAC.20190701.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAC.20190701.13","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation has been made to find out the disease altering therapies against a somber ailment called ‘early aging’ which is due to the formation of free radicals during the natural course of metabolism, also act randomly and indiscriminately to damage the cell components. On the contrary, the natural antioxidants in dietetic practice can diminish these free radicals which can perturb further, the progression of these age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) followed by Canine Cognitive dysfunction. As a consequence, a tribal medicinal plant; Maytenus emarginata (Wild.) Ding Hou (family-‘ Celastraceae ’) was identified which is commonly called ‘Thorny staff tree’ a potent ethno-medicinal plant drug was opted during the interactions held with tribal healers. This candidate plant drug is being practiced as memory-enhancing factor in their tribal medicinal system at Biligirirangana Hills (B. R. Hills) of Chamarajanagara district, India. Hence, the biological screening with Methanol extract of Maytenus emarginata (MEM) was attempted initially for Physico-chemical, Phyto-chemical properties followed by in vitro , in vivo antioxidant and neuroprotective activities using Drosophila melanogaster (Oeragon K) strain adult male flies. In the result, the extract of M exhibited concentration dependent DPPH scavenging activity. The oxidative stress markers employed to access in vivo antioxidant property of M included lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxide (HP), reduced glutathione (GSH). The modulatory effect of M on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was also determined. The oxidative stress was induced by using paraquat at 15 mM. The concentration of extract for studies was fixed based on LC 50 values. There was a significant demolition in the levels of MDA and HP in co-exposure of M with Par treated flies homogenate. The level of SOD and CAT was brought to near basal level in the homogenate of flies co-exposed with M and Par. In negative geotaxis assay it was found that M was able to rescue the flies significantly from deteriorating locomotors dysfunctions. The M extract exhibited significant modulatory activity in regulating oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in the fly homogenate. The extract M also exhibited significant antibacterial property against tested microbial strains. Therefore, the findings point out that, MEM plant drug was found to be most promising in its efficacy which may act as compelling antioxidant agent that can intensify the locomotors functions. Thus, the MEM plant drug therapy can regulate the occurrence of CCD, AD, PD and HD and the normal condition may be reinstalled in the biological system.","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89810472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies for Rhodamine B Dye Removal onto Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Simulated Wastewater","authors":"O. Bankole, O. Oyeneyin, Segun Esan Olaseni, O. K. Akeremale, Pelumi Adanigbo","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAC.20190701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAC.20190701.12","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes for the first time the kinetics, thermodynamic and optimized conditions for maximum removal of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution onto nanosheets of graphene oxides. Results from the GONS characterizations: UV, TEM, FTIR, EDX and XRD, revealed successful introduction of oxygen functionalities on the pristine graphite lattices. Adsorptive behaviour of RhB dye onto GONS under different experimental conditions such as pH, initial concentrations, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time, were fully discussed in this work. The study showed that ≈93% of RhB was removed from simulated wastewater at; sorbent mass of 16.67mg; pH of 6.5; temperature of 298K; contact time of 60min; and concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 30mg/L. Experimental data tested against results of the kinetics and adsorption isotherm models, revealed that the sorption of RhB were best described by pseudo-second order and Freundlich models, respectively. Regeneration of the spent adsorbent was investigated using water, methanol and methanol/acetic acid (9:1) solution, as desorbing eluents. Methanol solution of acetic acid was observed to remove up to 94% of adsorbed RhB from GO surface compared to water (71.36%), and methanol (45.52%). The ease at which RhB was eluted from RhB-loaded GO using methanol/acetic acid (9:1), methanol and water shows that the adsorption mechanism is best described by physisorption.","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"1987 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90369889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"K-Dynamics in a Continuously Submerged Limed and the Corresponding Unlimed Soil Subjected to One and Two Cycles of Drying Phase","authors":"T. Debnath, S. Majumder, D. Saha","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAC.20180606.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAC.20180606.11","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of drying phases on transformation of different fractions of K in submerged limed and the corresponding unlimed soil in presence and absence of N and K fertilizers. Changes in different fractions of K were monitored with time. Results showed that irrespective of treatments, available K increased in the limed soil throughout the period of incubation. However, non-exchangeable K showed an exactly opposite trend of results particularly in limed situation indicating a dynamic equilibrium between these forms of K in soils. Although, the trend of results of both available and non-exchangeable forms are totally different in unlimed situation. The decrease in 1N boiling HNO3 extractable K is comparatively more in limed soil subjected to single drying phase. No drastic variation in lattice and total K is observed under different treatment combinations. It indicates, maintenance of drying phase has little effect on lattice and total K in soils.","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"65 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75643834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Citric Acid Polymer (PN) Pozzolana Activated - Na-PN-Pozzolana-CE Material Synthesis Tested As Cationic Exchanger","authors":"Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara, Marie Nicole Rabemananjara, Nambinina Richard Randriana","doi":"10.11648/j.ajac.20190706.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190706.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74209125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficiency of Animal (Cow, Donkey, Chicken and Horse) Bones, in Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solution as a Low Cost Adsorbent","authors":"Nworu Jerome Sunday","doi":"10.11648/j.ajac.20190701.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190701.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83294401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Evaluation of Biogas from Mixed Fruits and Vegetable Wastes Collected from Arba Minch Market","authors":"Alemu Mekonnen Tura, Tesfaye Seifu Lemma","doi":"10.11648/j.ajac.20190706.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190706.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76834420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Citric Acid Polymer (PN) Capacity as Raw Material for Cationic Exchanger Realization","authors":"Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara","doi":"10.11648/j.ajac.20190702.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20190702.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7605,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Chemistry","volume":"490 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77785334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}