Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Different Combination of Foliar Application of Nutrients on Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Aerobic Rice","authors":"A. Sangothari, S. Radhamani, P. Janaki, V. Ravichandran, M. Gnanachitra, N. Thavaprakaash","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5814","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Aerobic rice cultivation, crop would faces water and nutrient deficiency; it would be a difficult for roots to reach in those situation. During that stress situation VAM fungi helps to observe water along with essential nutrients results out of efficiently increases the nutrient uptake. Methods: The field experiment was conducted during 2022 at wetland farms, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of thirteen treatments, which includes different recommended doses of VAM 50, 62.5 and 75 kg ha-1 together with different combinations of foliar application of 0.5% of urea, 0.5% of ZnSO4 and 1% of FeSO4. Conclusion: The experiment results concluded that the combined application of 150 % of recommended dose of VAM and foliar application of 0.5% urea + 0.5% of ZnSO4 + 1% of FeSO4 at 25 and 45 DAS, significantly increased the nutrient uptake, by improving the morphology of shoot and root biomass under upland condition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75421382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Growth and Yield Parameters of Rice under Different Cultivation Methods","authors":"K. Nagarajan, V. Geethalakshmi, K. Thirukumaran, G. Prabhukuma, D. Vijayalakshmi, M. Prasanthrajan","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5818","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Water is the most important environmental factor for sustainability of rice production. Traditionally rice was cultivated by continuous flooding. Due to global climate change and rapid industrialization and urbanization, the amount of water utilised for agriculture is declining which increases the water scarcity for irrigated rice production. Methods: The present experiment was carried out during Kuruvai (July-November) 2022 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Experiments were carried out with five treatments viz., T1- 100 % Saturation under drip irrigation, T2 – 150 % Saturation under drip irrigation T3 – 200 % Saturation under drip irrigation, T4 – System of Rice Intensification (SRI), T5 – Conventional method. Result: Results of the experiment showed that growth parameters was higher in SRI method and this was on par with conventinal method. SRI method recorded significantly higher yield parameters and grain yield. From the above results, it can be concluded that. SRI method performed well compared to different method of cultivation due to the synergistic effects of various cultivation principles followed in this method.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73578522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathotyping and Virulence Analysis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice in Tamil Nadu","authors":"R. Kanipriya, A. Ramanathan, C. G. Krishnan, Jeyshankar Ramalingam, R. Saraswathi","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5828","url":null,"abstract":"Background-Bacterial leaf blight (BB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Resistance breeding is considered a durable, effective, and eco-friendly approach to control BB. Several BB resistance (R) genes have been identified that confer resistance against various strains of Xoo. The dynamic nature of this pathogen needs proper knowledge of pathotype composition and its virulence among the diverse Xoo strains which is imperative for designing a resistance breeding program. Methods-In this study, we conducted an extensive survey to collect BB infected samples from diverse rice-growing regions of Tamil Nadu. Further, the samples were identified as Xoo through morphological and molecular identification methods. The pathotyping and virulence profiling of Xoo isolates was carried out on a set of rice differentials consisting of 22 near-isogenic lines (NILs) of IR24 possessing different BB resistance genes under glasshouse conditions during Kharif 2021-2022. Results-Based on the disease reaction in 22 rice BB differentials (IRBB lines), the Xoo isolates were grouped into six pathotypes (I II, III, IV, V, and VI). Further, the virulence analysis revealed that the near-isogenic lines possessing single R gene and gene pyramids were susceptible to about 20-88% and 4-20% respectively to Xoo isolates. R genes and their pyramids such as (Xa7, Xa21, Xa4+xa5+Xa21, Xa4+xa5+xa13 Xa4+xa13+Xa21, xa5+xa13+Xa21, and Xa4+Xa21+xa5+Xa21) were found to be effective against all the pathotypes in Tamil Nadu. The pathotype III was predominantly distributed (40%) over the Tamil Nadu. The isolates found in the pathotypes I and II are more virulent and in the pathotypes V, VI are less virulent. The current study identified the virulence nature of diverse Xoo isolates and the effectiveness of resistance (R) genes against the Xoo isolates. Therefore, the effective R genes identified in this study could be an effective source for resistance breeding program against BB in Tamil Nadu.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85941681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Integrated Pest Management modules against piercing and sucking insect pest of rice","authors":"I. Yimjenjang Longkumer, Md. Abbas Ahmad, Sandeep Choudhary, M.A. Laichattiwar, R. Bajia","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5823","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice is one of the most common cereal crops in India, which has been found attacked by several insect pests including hoppers, stem borer, leaf folder, gall midge and ear head bugs. Farmers typically employ insecticides as preventative and curative management which causes needless issues. Although integrated pest management (IPM) has been recommended to nullify the ill effects of chemicals pesticides, farmers are hesitant to employ the IPM’s components and mostly rely on pesticides. IPM integrates knowledge-based techniques of biological, cultural, physical, host plant resistance and chemical control strategies in order to limit pest populations considered economically acceptable. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of IPM strategy improving upon the crop productivity. Methods: An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) module comprising of spacing, introduction of natural enemies, application of botanicals, entomopathogenic fungi, installation of yellow sticky traps and chemical pesticide (Thiamethoxam) was assessed in comparison with Farmers Practice (FP) (usual routine followed by the farmer during the cropping season) in the farmer’s fields. Result: The pooled mean data of per cent leaf incidence by Nephotettix virescens ranged between 4.59-6.25% during the two years research in IPM module, while in farmers practices mean leaf damage varied between 8.09-8.61%. Similarly, the leaf damage caused by Nilaparvata lugens ranged between 4.88-7.61% as compared to 8.64-10% in the farmers practices. The BC ration was recorded to be 1: 7.6 and 1:6.85 during 2018 and 2019, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135420230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Potential of Syzygium cumini Leaves","authors":"Ritu Devi, Sushila Singh, Monika Moond, Rajita Beniwal, Sandeep kumar","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5628","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As a source of alternative medicines, plant derived drugs are of great potential and can be used to cure various health related ailments. One of the most common medicinal plant, Syzygium cumini commonly known as Jamun is well known for its various pharmaceutical properties. In the traditional medicine, the entire plant has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases. For the treatment of diabetes, the preparation of tea from the leaves of Syzygium cumini is known for its hypoglycaemic effect. Leaves are also used in the treatement of various skin diseases. Methods: Keeping in view the above concerns, the investigation of this plant aims to assess the phytochemical and antioxidant content of the ethyl acetate extract of locally available Syzygium cumini leaves samples acquired from the campus of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The proposed study was conducted in Department of Chemistry, CCS HAU, Hisar during 2019-2021. Samples were collected and moisture content was estimated. Various chemicals and phytonutrients like alkaloids, tannins, minerals, crude protein, crude fibre, flavonoids and total phenolics were investigated in shade dried samples. Result: The total phenolic and flavanoid content were 11.48 mg GAE/g and 5.17 mg CE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini leaves extract was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant capacity using phospho-molybdenum assay. The result showed that ethyl acetae extract of Jamun leaves had potential antioxidant activity which justifies their medicinal applications for the treatment of various ailments.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135570457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Utilization of Agro-industrial Waste through Vermicomposting and its Impact on Growth and Yield of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"K. Gnanamani,, A. Vijayalakshmi","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5775","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Application of vermicompost produced from diverse organic wastes could be one of the most economical and attractive methods of solving waste disposal problem and increasing the nutrient contents of soil simultaneously. Vermicompost is used as an organic fertilizer, the effects of vermicompost obtained from different organic wastes on plant growth and yield. Methods: The vermicomposting of sugarcane trash and bagasse waste was carried out during (January-March) and by using the vermicompost a field culture experiment was conducted in brinjal for three months from April-June, 2019. There are 6 treatments namely T1-T6 and control. Vegetative parameters such as shoot length, root length, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight at different stages (30, 60 and 90 DAS), number of flowers and number of branches on 60 and 90 DAS. On 90th day yield characters like number of fruits, diameter of fruits, fruit length, single fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per plot were analyzed. Results: A significant increase in shoot length (32.9, 55.3 and 98.5), root length (17.85, 25.10 and 33.30), number of leaves (21.33, 50.00 and 77.00), fresh weight (31.10, 48.30 and 55.55) and dry weight (7.10, 7.95 and 9.30) was observed in T5 - C5 (Predecomposted Sugarcane bagasse, Trichoderma asperelloids and earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) 5t/h) treatment, followed by T2 - C2 (Predecomposted Sugarcane trash, Trichoderma asperelloids and earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) 5t/h) treatment on 30, 60 and 90 DAS. A significant increase in number of flowers (27.50 and 55.50) and number of branches (22.50 and 27.50) was observed in T5 treatment followed by other treatments on 60 and 90 DAS. The maximum amount in number of fruits (22.00), fruit length (15.70), single fruit weight (93.15), fruit yield per plant (10.35) and fruit yield per plot (37.25) were noted in T5 treatment, followed by T2 treatment on 90 DAS and minimum amount were reported in control (soil). The results of the study clearly indicated that treatment T5 significantly increased the vegetative parameters and yield characters in brinjal.","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73610440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry Matter Accumulation and Physiological Growth Parameters of Maize as Influenced by Different Nutrient Management Practices","authors":"Masina Sairam, S. Maitra, Souvik Sain, Dinkar Gaikwad, Lalichetti Sagar","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5835","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maize, which is an important cereal for its yield potential and it can be influenced by various agronomic factors. In hybrid maize, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index are strongly affected due to applied nutrients. The amount of dry matter accumulation is directly related to the grain yield. The present study has been conducted with a focus on the effect of nutrient management on dry matter accumulation and other physiological parameters for quantifying the growth of maize. Methods: The present study was conducted during rabi season for two consecutive years of 2021-2022 and 2022-23 at the P.G. Experimental Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 14 treatments and three replications. The treatment details include different recommended doses of nutrients, leaf colour chart and sufficiency index-based nitrogen management and nutrient expert based nutrient management in maize. Result: The study revealed that application of ample dose of nitrogen, i.e., 200-60-60 kg/ha of N-P2O5-K2O resulted in obtaining the highest dry matter accumulation and leaf area index of maize throughout the growth periods for both the years of maize. Further, the treatments 150% RDF and SI-based N management (N-60-60 kg/ha) at SI 90-95% also performed at par in terms of growth attributes of maize.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"1635 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76278160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different levels of Phosphorus and Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on the growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"B. Jhansi, H. Upadhyay, S. Sahoo, R. ., L. Saini","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5774","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soybean is an important legume crop that contributes largely to protein and edible oil. The current experimental trial was held to study the influence of various phosphorous levels and Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria on the growth and yield attributes of soybean [Glycine max. var. Shivalik]. The trail was conducted on sandy loamy soils of the central plain zone of Punjab. Methods: The trial was accomplished during the Kharif season in the year 2021-2022 on the Shivalik (Himso-333) Variety of soybean. In this study, four levels of phosphorous (50%, 75%, 100%, 125%) in combination with Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were used to study their influence on soybean growth and yield. The experimental design followed was a Randomized block design which consists of 7 treatment combinations and was replicated three times. Result: The study revealed that the soybean has shown a significant response to phosphorous levels and Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria with regard to growth and yield attributes. It is observed that the growth and yield parameters of the soybean have shown an increasing trend up to 75% P2O5 and then decreased from 100% P2O5in all the parameters. The maximum plant height was observed at 86.4 cm in T5 (75%P2O5 + PSB) and the minimum was recorded as 70.9 cm in T1 (Absolute control). The maximum Seed yield was recorded as 2.03 t/hac in T5 (75%P2O5 + PSB) followed by 1.76 t/hac in T4 (50%P2O5 + PSB) and the minimum was obtained as 1.05 t/hac in T1 (Absolute control). This study concluded that the Biofertilizer can be used as a sustainable Agri-input to improve soil health and ultimately yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83675043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submergence Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes at the Seedling Stage: A Combined Approach of Morphological and Molecular Characterization","authors":"Satyaki Nandan Maity, T. Dasgupta, S. Ghosh, N. Payra, A. Roy","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5810","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the major cereal crop often suffers from submergence in the rainfed growing situation of India and South East Asia. Developing rice cultivars with tolerance to submergence is the best strategy to circumvent the situation. In Eastern India a vast reservoir of rice genotypes exists grown in diverse agro-climatic situation under rainfed condition. Screening rice genotypes under submergence stressed condition by observing morphological traits combined with molecular marker approach helps to identify the genotypes having innate capacity to survive under flooding condition more precisely than either of the approach alone. The present study was framed to identify the landraces and genotypes having the presence of desired genes which will helpful for future breeding program. Methods: Fifty rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were evaluated for submergence tolerance using both morphological and molecular characterization in the field and laboratory respectively. Six stress indices, namely elongation%, survival%, mortality%, relative growth index, dry mass% and recovery rate, were examined in the field seven days and fourteen days after submergence. The genotypes were screened with SSR markers to identify the presence of the desired gene. Result: Based on morphological and molecular screening, out of all rice genotypes, Brahmabalak, Jaladhi 1-2, Jaldubi, Kerala Sundary, China IRRI, Sonachur, Pravat, Pankaj, Ranjit SUB1 and Bahadur SUB1 showed higher levels of tolerance to submergence than the tolerant control Swarna SUB1. They have one or more loci different from the SUB1 locus, which can be bred to create improved submergence-tolerant rice varieties with high yield in the rainfed lowland agroecosystem.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89771800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development of Particle Board from Lignocellulosic Agri Waste (Corchorus capsularis-Jute)","authors":"V. Chawla, V. Seshasayee, R. Yadav","doi":"10.18805/ag.d-5585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.d-5585","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Large quantities of forest, agricultural and industrial lignocelluloses residues are available in the countries which are not finding any economic use till date except as industrial or domestic fuel. Some of these waste materials could be utilized for the preparation of particle board which could substitute the solid wood for various purposes and thus help in the conservation of depleting forest resources. Method: Jute stick is the one such waste material available in India about 50-55 lakh tones per Year. Keeping this in view, the suitability of jute-stick for making particle board will be evaluated in this study. The sticks were analyzed for the physical and mechanical properties of Jute sticks. Based on the material properties, it necessitated the physical modification of the jute stick particles to activate the surface for better adhesion. Results: Jute sticks were crushed followed by pulverizing to get the particles of required size formation have been optimized for making particle board of density 700-850 kg/m3. The implementation of this technology will encourage the efficient use of agriculture byproduct as a sustainable resource for commercial production as well as to aid in building sustainable cities and communities, in order to meet sustainable development goals which will in turn profoundly transform our world at large.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7599,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Science Digest – A Research Journal","volume":"s3-12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85826788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}