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Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)最新文献

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Hypoxia and the pulmonary circulation. 缺氧和肺循环。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.21
D Heath
{"title":"Hypoxia and the pulmonary circulation.","authors":"D Heath","doi":"10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"It is a singularly interesting fact that sustained hypoxia exerts diametrically opposite effects on the systemic and pulmonary circulations. In general, hypoxia has a relaxing effect on smooth muscle and it brings about vasodilatation in the systemic circulation. Native highlanders and sojourners at high altitude for many years exhibit a fall in systemic blood pressure (Heath and Williams, 1977). In sharp contrast to this, hypoxia is the most powerful pulmonary vasoconstrictor known, giving rise to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and hence to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Since the original demonstration of this in the cat by von Euler and Liljestrand (1946) there has been an impressive accumulation of supporting experimental evidence from a variety of animal species and from man and recently we have extensively reviewed these data (Harris and Heath, 1977).","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"11 ","pages":"21-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.21","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11362825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The pathology of renal ischaemia. 肾缺血的病理。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.114
J R Tighe
{"title":"The pathology of renal ischaemia.","authors":"J R Tighe","doi":"10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Examination of ischaemic kidneys reveals changes which generally correlate well with the pathophysiology of renal ischaemia. Although there is an association between renal ischaemia, juxtaglomerular granulation and hypertension, notable exceptions are seen from time to time. Improved methods of identification of the contents of juxtaglomerular granules may provide better methods of prediction of those patients likely to benefit from nephrectomy for hypertension associated with renal ischaemia. Further studies of the function of mesangial cells and of the smooth muscle cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus promises to provide information to explain the collapse of glomerular tufts, and hence of impaired glomerular filtration, following ischaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"11 ","pages":"114-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11483326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Pathology of hypoxic brain damage in man. 人类缺氧脑损伤的病理研究。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.170
D I Graham
{"title":"Pathology of hypoxic brain damage in man.","authors":"D I Graham","doi":"10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.170","url":null,"abstract":"The energy requirements of the brain demand amongst other things adequate supplies of oxygen and glucose. These are provided by the functions of respiration and circulation. Neurons are particularly susceptible to hypoxia since they have an obligative, aerobic, glycolytic metabolism. The adult brain receives about 15 per cent of the cardiac output, or as expressed in terms of blood flow, about 45 ml/ 100 g/minute in the adult and about twice as much in children (Mcllwain, 1966). The respiratory quotient of the brain is almost unity and glucose is the principal source of energy by oxygenation. If the supply of oxygen or glucose is reduced below a critical level consciousness is lost after a few seconds and irreversible brain damage may occur if the 'hypoxia' is more prolonged.","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"11 ","pages":"170-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11483330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 63
The pathology of myocardial ischaemia. 心肌缺血的病理。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.45
M J Davies
{"title":"The pathology of myocardial ischaemia.","authors":"M J Davies","doi":"10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.45","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the pathology of myocardial ischaemia detailed knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the coronary arterial tree is required. The anatomy of the major coronary arteries running on the epicardial surface of the heart has been common knowledge for years. The equally important micro-anatomy of vessels within the myocardium has been neglected along with the physiology of intramyocardial blood flow.","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"11 ","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1136/jcp.s3-11.1.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11483331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Fibrin deposition in pregnancy. 妊娠期纤维蛋白沉积。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1976-01-01
A L Stalker
{"title":"Fibrin deposition in pregnancy.","authors":"A L Stalker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"10 ","pages":"70-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347156/pdf/jclinpath00433-0076.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12247643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Screening for fetal chromosome aberrations in early pregnancy. 妊娠早期胎儿染色体畸变的筛查。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1976-01-01
M A Ferguson-Smith, M E Ferguson-Smith
{"title":"Screening for fetal chromosome aberrations in early pregnancy.","authors":"M A Ferguson-Smith,&nbsp;M E Ferguson-Smith","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seven years' experience in prenatal screening for fetal chromosome aberrations in the west of Scotland is reviewed. Fetal chromosome analysis was undertaken in 716 pregnancies, 49% of which were judged to be at substantial risk of a fetal chromosome aberration. A chromosome aberration was found in 26 pregnancies, 14 of which were sufficiently severe to justify termination: the latter included nine cases of trisomic Down's syndrome, two cases of translocation, two cases of XXY Klinefelter's syndrome and one case of the triple-X syndrome. Ten pregnancies with balanced fetal chromosomal translocations and two with extra, small metacentric chromosomes of no clinical significance continued normally in pregnancy. Prenatal diagnosis permitted many mothers at risk the opportunity of having a family which otherwise they would not have attempted, and saved a number of pregnancies which would have been terminated solely on the risk, rather than the diagnosis, of fetal abnormality. An unexpectedly high frequency (6-6%) of severe fetal chromosome aberrations was found in pregnancies of mothers aged 40 years and over. In the maternal age groups 35-39 years the frequency was 1-4%. It is concluded that specialized cytogenetic facilities are urgently required to allow older mothers the option of prenatal screening. This is also required for younger mothers who have previously had a child with Down's syndrome, and for families at risk of chromosomal translocation and X-linked disease. Prenatal screening is best provided on a regional basis by a department of medical genetics experienced in genetic counselling, human cytogenetics, and cell culture techniques, working in close collaboration with obstetrical colleagues and the ultrasound department.</p>","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"10 ","pages":"165-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347168/pdf/jclinpath00433-0171.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11354076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The histopathology of trophoblastic tumours. 滋养细胞肿瘤的组织病理学。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1976-01-01
C W Elston
{"title":"The histopathology of trophoblastic tumours.","authors":"C W Elston","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"10 ","pages":"111-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347162/pdf/jclinpath00433-0117.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11401311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of fetoplacental function by biochemical determinations. 生化测定法评估胎儿胎盘功能。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1976-01-01
T Chard
{"title":"Assessment of fetoplacental function by biochemical determinations.","authors":"T Chard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"10 ","pages":"18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347149/pdf/jclinpath00433-0024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11282335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viral infections. 病毒感染。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1976-01-01
J A Dudgeon
{"title":"Viral infections.","authors":"J A Dudgeon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although rubella is the only virus which can be regarded in the strict sense of the term a teratogen, there is no convincing evidence that other viruses can cause fetal damage of varying severity. The risk to the fetus appears to depend on the nature of the infectious agent, the maternal immune status and the gestational age when infection takes place. The possibility that subclinical maternal infections may cause damage must not be overlooked. As some of the viruses referred to can cause damage after the period of organogenesis, the use of the term 'teratogenic efect' in relation to viral infections is considered to be inappropriate.</p>","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"10 ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347160/pdf/jclinpath00433-0105.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11401314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The histopathology of placental insufficiency. 胎盘功能不全的组织病理学。
Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists) Pub Date : 1976-01-01
H Fox
{"title":"The histopathology of placental insufficiency.","authors":"H Fox","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical pathology. Supplement (Royal College of Pathologists)","volume":"10 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1347147/pdf/jclinpath00433-0007.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12247636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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