American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum for Lawenius et al., volume 322, 2022, p. E344–E354","authors":"","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2021_cor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00366.2021_cor","url":null,"abstract":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Volume 326, Issue 4, Page E481-E481, April 2024. <br/>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bout of aerobic exercise in the heat increases carbohydrate use but does not enhance the disposal of an oral glucose load, in healthy active individuals.","authors":"Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez, Alfonso Moreno-Cabañas, Laura Álvarez-Jimenez, Diego Mora-Gonzalez, Juan Fernando Ortega, Felix Morales-Palomo","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00312.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00312.2023","url":null,"abstract":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SMEK1 ablation promotes glucose uptake and improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunction via AMPK signaling pathway","authors":"Shijun Wei, Yu Song, Zhengbin Li, Ai Liu, Yunfang Xie, Shang Gao, Hongbiao Shi, Ping Sun, Zekun Wang, Yecheng Jin, Wenjie Sun, Xi Li, Jiangxia Li, Qiji Liu","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00387.2023","url":null,"abstract":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetics and diet shape the relationship between islet function and whole-body metabolism","authors":"Belinda Yau, Søren Madsen, Marin E. Healy, Kristen C. Cooke, Andreas M. Fritzen, Ida H. Thorius, Jacqueline Stöckli, David E. James, Melkam A. Kebede","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2024","url":null,"abstract":"American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ahead of Print. <br/>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycogen synthesis is required for adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and affects diet-induced obesity","authors":"Shixuan Zhuo, Meijuan Bai, Zinan Wang, Lingling Chen, Zixuan Li, Jinzhu Chen, Xiaoyi Ye, Cheng Guo, Yan Chen","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Glycogen is a form of energy storage for glucose in different tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle. It remains incompletely understood how glycogen impacts on adipose tissue functionality. Cold exposure elevated the expression of <i>Gys1</i> which encodes glycogen synthase 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). The <i>in vivo</i> function of <i>Gys1</i> was analyzed using a mouse model in which <i>Gys1</i> was deleted specifically in adipose tissues. Under normal chow conditions, <i>Gys1</i> deletion caused little changes to body weight and glucose metabolism. Deletion of <i>Gys1</i> abrogated upregulation of UCP1 and other thermogenesis-related genes in iWAT upon prolonged cold exposure or treatment with b3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL-316,243. Stimulation of UCP1 by CL-316,243 in adipose-derived stromal cells (SVFs) was also reduced by <i>Gys1</i> deletion. Both the basal glycogen content and CL-316,243-stimulated glycogen accumulation in adipose tissues were reduced by <i>Gys1</i> deletion. High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance were aggravated in <i>Gys1</i>-deleted mice. The loss of body weight upon CL-316,243 treatment was also abrogated by the loss of <i>Gys1</i>. In conclusion, our results underscore the pivotal role of glycogen synthesis in adaptive thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue and its impact on diet-induced obesity in mice.","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between serum β-hydroxybutyrate and hepatic fatty acid oxidation in individuals with obesity and NAFLD.","authors":"Mary P Moore, Grace Shryack, Isabella Alessi, Nicole Wieschhaus, Grace M Meers, Sarah A Johnson, Andrew A Wheeler, Jamal A Ibdah, Elizabeth J Parks, R Scott Rector","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00336.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpendo.00336.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excess lipid accumulation that can progress to inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), and fibrosis. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), a product of the ketogenic pathway, is commonly used as a surrogate marker for hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO). However, it remains uncertain whether this relationship holds true in the context of NAFLD in humans. We compared fasting serum β-HB levels with direct measurement of liver mitochondrial palmitate oxidation in humans stratified based on NAFLD severity (<i>n</i> = 142). Patients were stratified based on NAFLD activity score (NAS): NAS = 0 (no disease), NAS = 1-2 (mild), NAS = 3-4 (moderate), and NAS ≥ 5 (advanced). Moderate and advanced NAFLD is associated with reductions in liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), serum β-HB, but not 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase <i>(HMGCL)</i> mRNA, relative to no disease. Worsening liver mitochondrial complete palmitate oxidation corresponded with lower <i>H</i>MGCS2 mRNA but not total (complete + incomplete) palmitate oxidation. Interestingly, we found that liver <i>HMGCS2</i> mRNA and serum β-HB correlated with liver mitochondrial β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) activity and <i>CPT1A</i> mRNA. Also, lower mitochondrial mass and markers of mitochondrial turnover positively correlated with lower <i>HMGCS2</i> in the liver. These data suggest that liver ketogenesis and FAO occur at comparable rates in individuals with NAFLD. Our findings support the utility of serum β-HB to serve as a marker of liver injury and hepatic FAO in the context of NAFLD.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Serum β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) is frequently utilized as a surrogate marker for hepatic fatty acid oxidation; however, few studies have investigated this relationship during states of liver disease. We found that the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with reductions in circulating β-HB and liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2). As well, decreased rates of hepatic fatty acid oxidation correlated with liver <i>HMGCS2</i> mRNA and serum β-HB. Our work supports serum β-HB as a potential marker for hepatic fatty acid oxidation and liver injury during NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11194052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139911811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruption of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate and amino acid metabolism impairs gluconeogenesis and endurance exercise capacity in mice.","authors":"Michael R Martino, Mohammad Habibi, Daniel Ferguson, Rita T Brookheart, John P Thyfault, Gretchen A Meyer, Louise Lantier, Curtis C Hughey, Brian N Finck","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00258.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpendo.00258.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise robustly increases the glucose demands of skeletal muscle. This demand is met by not only muscle glycogenolysis but also accelerated liver glucose production from hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to fuel mechanical work and prevent hypoglycemia during exercise. Hepatic gluconeogenesis during exercise is dependent on highly coordinated responses within and between muscle and liver. Specifically, exercise increases the rate at which gluconeogenic precursors such as pyruvate/lactate or amino acids are delivered from muscle to the liver, extracted by the liver, and channeled into glucose. Herein, we examined the effects of interrupting hepatic gluconeogenic efficiency and capacity on exercise performance by deleting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) and/or alanine transaminase 2 (ALT2) in the liver of mice. We found that deletion of MPC2 or ALT2 alone did not significantly affect time to exhaustion or postexercise glucose concentrations in treadmill exercise tests, but mice lacking both MPC2 and ALT2 in hepatocytes (double knockout, DKO) reached exhaustion faster and exhibited lower circulating glucose during and after exercise. Use of ²H/¹³C metabolic flux analyses demonstrated that DKO mice exhibited lower endogenous glucose production owing to decreased glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis at rest and during exercise. Decreased gluconeogenesis was accompanied by lower anaplerotic, cataplerotic, and TCA cycle fluxes. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the transition of the liver to the gluconeogenic mode is critical for preventing hypoglycemia and sustaining performance during exercise. The results also illustrate the need for interorgan cross talk during exercise as described by the Cahill and Cori cycles.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Martino and colleagues examined the effects of inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis on exercise performance and systemic metabolism during treadmill exercise in mice. Combined inhibition of gluconeogenesis from lactate/pyruvate and alanine impaired exercise endurance and led to hypoglycemia during and after exercise. In contrast, suppressing either pyruvate-mediated or alanine-mediated gluconeogenesis alone had no effect on these parameters. These findings provide new insight into the molecular nodes that coordinate the metabolic responses of muscle and liver during exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139728776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the immunometabolite protein modifications S-2-succinocysteine and 2,3-dicarboxypropylcysteine.","authors":"J Hunter Cox, Richard S McCain, Emery Tran, Shoba Swaminathan, Holland H Smith, Gerardo G Piroli, Michael Shtutman, Michael D Walla, William E Cotham, Norma Frizzell","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpendo.00354.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolite fumarate nonenzymatically reacts with the amino acid cysteine to form S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC), referred to as protein succination. The immunometabolite itaconate accumulates during lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of macrophages and microglia. Itaconate nonenzymatically reacts with cysteine residues to generate 2,3-dicarboxypropylcysteine (2,3-DCP), referred to as protein dicarboxypropylation. Since fumarate and itaconate levels dynamically change in activated immune cells, the levels of both 2SC and 2,3-DCP reflect the abundance of these metabolites and their capacity to modify protein thiols. We generated ethyl esters of 2SC and 2,3-DCP from protein hydrolysates and used stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry to determine the abundance of these in LPS-stimulated Highly Aggressively Proliferating Immortalized (HAPI) microglia. To quantify the stoichiometry of the succination and dicarboxypropylation, reduced cysteines were alkylated with iodoacetic acid to form S-carboxymethylcysteine (CMC), which was then esterified. Itaconate-derived 2,3-DCP, but not fumarate-derived 2SC, increased in LPS-treated HAPI microglia. Stoichiometric measurements demonstrated that 2,3-DCP increased from 1.57% to 9.07% of total cysteines upon LPS stimulation. This methodology to simultaneously distinguish and quantify both 2SC and 2,3-DCP will have broad applications in the physiology of metabolic diseases. In addition, we find that available anti-2SC antibodies also detect the structurally similar 2,3-DCP, therefore \"succinate moiety\" may better describe the antigen recognized.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Itaconate and fumarate have roles as immunometabolites modulating the macrophage response to inflammation. Both immunometabolites chemically modify protein cysteine residues to modulate the immune response. Itaconate and fumarate levels change dynamically, whereas their stable protein modifications can be quantified by mass spectrometry. This method distinguishes itaconate and fumarate-derived protein modifications and will allow researchers to quantify their contributions in isolated cell types and tissues across a range of metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139696702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function from the oral glucose tolerance test: validation of a new insulin sensitivity and secretion (ISS) model.","authors":"Joon Ha, Stephanie T Chung, Max Springer, Joon Young Kim, Phil Chen, Aaryan Chhabra, Melanie G Cree, Cecilia Diniz Behn, Anne E Sumner, Silva A Arslanian, Arthur S Sherman","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00189.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpendo.00189.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient and accurate methods to estimate insulin sensitivity (<i>S</i>_I) and β-cell function (BCF) are of great importance for studying the pathogenesis and treatment effectiveness of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Existing methods range in sensitivity, input data, and technical requirements. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are preferred because they are simpler and more physiological than intravenous methods. However, current analytical methods for OGTT-derived <i>S</i>_I and BCF also range in complexity; the oral minimal models require mathematical expertise for deconvolution and fitting differential equations, and simple algebraic surrogate indices (e.g., Matsuda index, insulinogenic index) may produce unphysiological values. We developed a new insulin secretion and sensitivity (ISS) model for clinical research that provides precise and accurate estimates of SI and BCF from a standard OGTT, focusing on effectiveness, ease of implementation, and pragmatism. This model was developed by fitting a pair of differential equations to glucose and insulin without need of deconvolution or C-peptide data. This model is derived from a published model for longitudinal simulation of T2D progression that represents glucose-insulin homeostasis, including postchallenge suppression of hepatic glucose production and first- and second-phase insulin secretion. The ISS model was evaluated in three diverse cohorts across the lifespan. The new model had a strong correlation with gold-standard estimates from intravenous glucose tolerance tests and insulin clamps. The ISS model has broad applicability among diverse populations because it balances performance, fidelity, and complexity to provide a reliable phenotype of T2D risk.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is determined by a balance between insulin sensitivity (<i>S</i>_I) and β-cell function (BCF), which can be determined by gold standard direct measurements or estimated by fitting differential equation models to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). We propose and validate a new differential equation model that is simpler to use than current models and requires less data while maintaining good correlation and agreement with gold standards. Matlab and Python code is freely available.</p>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138486423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous lactate on lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism-a randomized crossover trial in healthy males.","authors":"Mette G B Pedersen, Nikolaj Rittig, Maj Bangshaab, Kristoffer Berg-Hansen, Nigopan Gopalasingam, Lars C Gormsen, Esben Søndergaard, Niels Møller","doi":"10.1152/ajpendo.00301.2023","DOIUrl":"10.1152/ajpendo.00301.2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactate may inhibit lipolysis and thus enhance insulin sensitivity, but there is a lack of metabolic human studies. This study aimed to determine how hyperlactatemia affects lipolysis, glucose- and protein metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. In a single-blind, randomized, crossover design, eight healthy men were studied after an overnight fast on two occasions: <i>1</i>) during a sodium-lactate infusion (LAC) and <i>2</i>) during a sodium-matched NaCl infusion (CTR). Both days consisted of a 3-h postabsorptive period followed by a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC). Lipolysis rate, endogenous glucose production (EGP), and delta glucose rate of disappearance (ΔRd_glu) were evaluated using [9,10-³H]palmitate and [3-³H]glucose tracers. In addition, whole body- and forearm protein metabolism was assessed using [¹⁵N]phenylalanine, [²H₄]tyrosine, [¹⁵N]tyrosine, and [¹³C]urea tracers. In the postabsorptive period, plasma lactate increased to 2.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L during LAC vs. 0.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L during CTR (<i>P</i> < 0.001). In the postabsorptive period, palmitate flux was 30% lower during LAC compared with CTR (84 ± 32 µmol/min vs. 120 ± 35 µmol/min, <i>P</i> = 0.003). During the HEC, palmitate flux was suppressed similarly during both interventions (<i>P</i> = 0.7). EGP, ΔRd_glu, and <i>M</i> value were similar during LAC and CTR. During HEC, LAC increased whole body phenylalanine flux (<i>P</i> = 0.02) and protein synthesis (<i>P</i> = 0.03) compared with CTR; LAC did not affect forearm protein metabolism compared with CTR. Lactate infusion inhibited lipolysis by 30% under postabsorptive conditions but did not affect glucose metabolism or improve insulin sensitivity. In addition, whole body phenylalanine flux was increased. Clinical trial registrations: NCT04710875.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Lactate is a decisive intermediary metabolite, serving as an energy substrate and a signaling molecule. The present study examines the effects of lactate on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy males. Hyperlactatemia reduces lipolysis by 30% without affecting insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. In addition, hyperlactatemia increases whole body amino acid turnover rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":7594,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139696700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}