Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft最新文献

{"title":"[Panel discussion: The undernourished patient].","authors":"G Hartmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Parenteral feeding in pediatric surgery].","authors":"A F Schärli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complete, parenteral feeding by continuous drip infusion into large veins over long periods has a solid, therapeutic place in children's surgery. It embraces complete filling of the need for water, salts, glucose, amino acids, triglycerides, essential fatty acids, vitamins and trace elements. Bearing in mind certain basic principles, it can achieve a positive nitrogen balance and so anabolism even in the newborn and nursing infant, in spite of the high demand for calories and nitrogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"67-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Panel discussion: The catabolic patient].","authors":"A Leutenegger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"105-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Metabolic problems and indications for exclusive and prolonged parenteral feeding in children].","authors":"C Ricour","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the light of 350 cases of E.P.N., prevention of complications rests upon: 1. supply of hydroelectrolytics and proteinoenergetics at reduced dosage, initially, and then adapted to the anabolic stimulation, taking into consideration the correlations which exist between calories, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, zinc and vitamins, particularly those of the B-complex; 2. the necessity to achieve a progressive withdrawal through the supply of enteral elementary substances which will permit a modulated new induction of the digestive enzymatic secretory activities. The indications for such a highly technical program may emanate in the course of serious malabsorption with severe denutrition within the framework of inflammatory and vascular enteropathies and in the presence of certain metabolic disturbances, either congenital or acquired.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"61-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Biel Workshop on Parenteral Nutrition].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"1-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Nutritional requirements and parenteral feeding].","authors":"H Aebi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1. The nutritional needs of man are governed by the law of the minimum (structural and protective substances) and the isodynamic rule (exchangeability of various energy carriers) There is a tendency to abandon the traditional concept of requirement as an absolute value (g or mg/day) and replace it by 3 graded parameters (minimal - lowest acceptable - desirable supply). Today nutrient density is of utmost importance in the planning and evaluation of food formulas, i.e. the content per 1000 kcal or per MJ = mega-Joule. 2. The metabolism of nutrients proceeds (simplified) in 3 phases: a) digestion (comminution); b) coordination and conversion in intermediary metabolism; c) direct use in synthetic or oxidation processes. This creates problems of balance, of co-ordination and regulation. In the phases b and c the same conformities apply for oral and parenteral feeding. 3. Particular features of parenteral feeding: Exclusion of intestinal flora, limited capacity of uptake by the circulation and, especially, the lowered capacity of biochemical regulatory mechanisms (homeostasis) in patients requiring parenteral feeding necessitate optimal coordination of supply and effective needs. Attempts to comply are made by continuous infusions, diversification of the substrate supply and optimisation of the different components. In principle, priority is given to those nutritional factors which promote anabolism (tissue formation) and counteract catabolism (tissue breakdown). 4. Example: protein needs. --Recapitulation of quantitative and qualitative requirements regarding protein and amino acid supply. --Discussion of the different recommendations and guidelines. --Discussion of the criteria for evaluation and the composition of an optimal amino acid mixture (nitrogen balance and growth as criteria). 5. Conclusions for parenteral feeding. The supply of amino acids should be on the generous side because there is an increased requirement in the \"acute phase\" and in convalescence. The amino acid composition should correspond to the pattern of a high quality food protein. The E/T ratio (essential AS versus total AS supply) is an indicator. The value proposed as a guideline is E/T approximately 3. However, an exaggerated amino acid cosmetic is not recommended. 6. Diagnostic problems. In the interest of optimal results of treatment, foremost attention should be given to the detection of latent deficiency states and the improvement of nutrition at large. The list of indicators given in the figures should be consulted whenever there is evidence of undersupply. The so-called \"hospital malnutrition\", as described in recent studies, should obviously not occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"7-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The importance of amino acids].","authors":"H Wick","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complete AS mixtures which permit prolonged parenteral feeding are known. It is possible to achieve normal growth even in nursing infants with such solutions (reference should be made to the contributions of Professor Riccour and Professor Schärli). On the other hand the composition of an AS solution of maximum biological value, e.g. for the growing body, is not yet known. Improvements in this respect can be envisaged although they are relevant only to certain patients. Changes in the method administration of AS may affect the biological value. Continuous administration throughout the 24 hours by-passing the portal vein, as is usual today, must considerably impair the capacity of the liver to regulate the pattern of plasma amino acids. Possibly, an approximation to physiological proportions is possible and useful through intermittent administration. Further progress in this aspect of parenteral feeding can undoubtedly be expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Technical aspects of parenteral feeding].","authors":"C Burri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The following approaches to the caval vein are applicable: Vena saphena, respectively femoralis, vena basilica, subclavia respectively anonyma and vena jugularis. Based on collective studies from literature and own experience the puncture of the internal jugular vein is recommended. The approach via the veins of lower extremities is to be used no more on adults. Numerous complications, however, are independent of the approach. They may be caused by the catheter model applied or by poor application technique. A model of our own was developed presenting siliconized polyethylene and a removable needle as main features. The material of the catheter proved to be neutral towards tissue experimentally and clinically. As compared to PVC the rate of inflammation and thrombosis was significantly decreased. Finally the removable split needle prevents catheter embolization with its grave consequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"79-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Posttraumatic and postoperative catabolism: protein metabolism].","authors":"P M Suter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with catabolism during the postoperative phase, after trauma or in a toxifectious state present with serious disorders of their protein metabolism. These alterations are caused mostly by endocrine factors and are characterized by destruction of proteins, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis and increased renal nitrogen excretion. The nitrogen losses are most important in patients with multiple trauma, in sepsis and in burned patients. In view of the intricate etiology, the treatment of these disorders is difficult.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"119-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11341828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The catabolic patient].","authors":"A Leutenegger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma and stress can cause characteristic changes in metabolism: raised lipolysis and reduced glucose tolerance as well as major renal nitrogen losses are manifestations of a postoperative or posttraumatic excess of catabolism over anabolism. Excess catabolism is caused by immobilisation and inadequate oral or parenteral nutrition. Wasting in seriously ill patients for intensive treatment. Priority must be given to the prevention of insufficiencies of organs and systems, and to the elimination of stress factors. It is only then that mobilisation and the administration of calories and nitrogen will restore a normal anabolism-catabolism balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":75949,"journal":{"name":"Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Beiheft","volume":"18 ","pages":"113-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11510426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}