{"title":"Some sources of conflict within psychoanalytic societies.","authors":"S E Greben","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"657-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18168587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Notes on countertransference in borderline conditions.","authors":"W W Meissner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"When dealing with borderline or severely regressed patients, as contrasted to those presenting symptomatic neuroses and many character disorders,\" Kernberg (1975) observed, \"the therapist tends to experience rather soon in the treatment, intensive emotional reactions having more to do with the patient's premature, intense and chaotic transference and with the therapist's capacity to withstand psychological stress and anxiety, than with any specific problem in the therapist's past\" (pp. 16-17). The argument in the present paper contends that Kernberg's description of countertransference reactions to borderline patients is a caricature that applies only within a limited range of borderline conditions, specifically the most primitive or poorly organized level of borderline functioning or regressive borderline states. The description does not apply to the full range of borderline psychopathology, and in many cases can be misleading. It has generally been recognized that countertransference vicissitudes play an extremely important role in the therapy of borderline patients at one or another phase of the treatment. At critical points in the development of transference (TR) and countertransference (CT) and their interaction, the therapist's recognition of and capacity to deal with CT issues become crucial to the treatment progression. The present paper explores the dimensions of CT experience and provides a tentative model for the understanding of transference-countertransference (TR/CT) interactions. The central points emphasized are: (1) that borderline disorders form a spectrum of character pathology falling between the psychoses on one side and the narcissistic personality disorders on the other; (2) that these conditions reflect varying degrees of pathological disruption and varying levels of personality integration; (3) that, depending on the form of pathological organization, these conditions manifest a variety of types and degrees of intensity of TR involvement and elicit corresponding CT reactions; and, finally (4) that these forms and degrees of TR/CT call for corresponding modifications in therapeutic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"89-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17813094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Definitive treatment of the borderline personality.","authors":"D H Buie, G Adler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A discussion of \"Notes on the Potential Differentiation of Borderline Conditions,\" by W.W. Meissner, M.D. Through psychotherapy, borderline personalities can develop a mature level of emotional autonomy. Their fundamental psychopathology involves annihilation anxiety consequent on inadequacy and instability of holding-soothing introjects. Psychological corollaries of this deficit render them unable to effect the internalization of real caring relationships that is necessary for development of effective holding introjects. Ideally, psychotherapy proceeds in three phases. Phase I is devoted to amelioration of the pathological impediments to using relationships with the therapist and others as resources for a holding-soothing form of emotional security. The outcome is development of a relatively stable idealized self-object transference in terms of holding-soothing, along with formation of relatively stable idealized holding-soothing introjects. Phase II of treatment involves optimal disillusionment in relation to idealization of the therapist as holding-soother; this results in gradual acceptance of the realistic use of external objects along with modification of holding-soothing introjects to correspond more nearly with reality. Stable autonomy in the area of self-security is fully attained in Phase III, in which the relationship with the therapist provides the context for the patient's developing capacities by means of identification to care for, esteem, love, and trust himself or herself. Psychotherapy of narcissistic issues is also important, but special precautions must be observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"51-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17813087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychoanalysis of the impulsive character: a linguistic-communicative study.","authors":"D Rosenfeld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of the mode of communication, the dreams, and the linguistic study of impulsive patients is examined. The significance of the use of the imperative mood, with a rapid evacuation rhythm and good synchronization between the verbal and paraverbal levels is explicated. The obvious linguistic differences between sessions show, together with thematic clues, that it would be possible to predict impulsive discharges, that is, to formulate a predictive theory. The concept is defined, and clinical material is provided to illustrate the concept. A linguistic analysis of the patient's dreams is presented, as well as a thematic approach to the dreams. The ultilization of linguistics in psychoanalysis is systematized, and the verbs used by the patient are listed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"435-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18168578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The training analyst concept: a superego problem.","authors":"Z A Aarons","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"679-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18168591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alexithymia, psychosomatosis, and psychosis.","authors":"J McDougall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A discussion of \"Alexithymia and the Effectiveness of Psychoanalytic Treatment\" by Henry Krystal, M.D. Following a critical appraisal of Krystal's work on alexithymia, the author proposes that alexithymic symptoms may also reveal themselves to be a massive defense against psychotic anxieties. In both psychotic and alexithymic-psychosomatic states there is an attack on mental functioning and perception. However, while the psychotic creates a neo-reality to protect himself from psychic pain, the grave alexithymic drains external reality and relationships of their meaning, leaving a devitalized relationship of a \"pseudo-normal\" kind with the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"379-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18168685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: creativity and the psychology of the exception.","authors":"W A Myers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"625-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17813090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The payment of fees for psychotherapy.","authors":"J O Raney","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several specific effects of third party payment of fees for psychoanalysis and psychotherapy are demonstrated. Using some of the criteria for listening that have been set out by Langs (1981, 1982), case illustrations from several sources are reviewed and discussed. Some of the examples have been selected from detailed accounts found in the psychotherapeutic literature, which should permit the reader to turn to the original source for verification and review in greater detail. Others have considered the effects of third party payment or reduced fees on the course and outcome of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy (Eissler 1974, Gray 1973, Halpert 1972a, Langs 1979, Lorand and Console 1958). With the exception of Langs, none of these has looked at how the therapist's compensation or activity around the fee payment is represented in the derivative material of the patient. In Langs' assessment of the derivatives in a case where insurance was used, the effects appeared detrimental to the therapeutic course.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"147-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17814231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prestructural determinants in a case of phobia.","authors":"M D Coleman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Questions of genesis, dynamics, and treatment techniques, in what is hypothesized as the first developmental layer of agoraphobic or pan-anxious symptoms, are considered. In the patient described it was concluded that this layer of anxiety came from many inadequate ego functions brought about by a mother who could not (for reasons speculated about in her history) tolerate autonomous functioning in this child. This mother-child reality shaped the course of the patient's first four years of therapy. During this period of treatment there was more material that lent itself to reconstruction of her real world as perceived by the developing ego, while there was a paucity of fantasy material available. It is suggested that the symptom state called agoraphobia resulted from continuous stimulation since infancy from a mother making dyadic functioning appear imperative for the patient's emotional equilibrium. In similar cases, the initial phase of therapy should focus on reconstructions and clarifications of past and present dyadic relationships. This, as well as other technical interventions to aid development of attenuated ego functions, appears to be necessary as the initial and crucial aspect of therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"537-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18168583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anorexia nervosa: a psychoanalytic commentary.","authors":"C Mushatt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A discussion of \"The Fear of Being Fat,\" by C. Philip Wilson, M.D. The view is presented that primary emphasis on sexual conflicts, especially Oedipal, as causative psychological factors in anorexia nervosa is a limiting and narrow view of the problem. The symptomatology and sexual and aggressive conflicts and fantasies, with the accompanying defenses, can best be understood within the framework of the process of separation of self from object and the seemingly insoluble dilemma in regard to the struggle to achieve a sense of separateness and individuality. This has its effects on the development of the body image, with its internalized symbolic representations of the environment, and through the body image on the ego, superego, and instinctual life. Anorexia nervosa is an expression of ego-defective development arising from varying degrees of failure to resolve the process of developing a sense of individuality. There result primitive aggression, archaic guilt, and great difficulties in establishing an integrated sense of sexual identity. Sexualization of all aspects of interpersonal relationships is fostered by intensification of the need for sensory stimulation, e.g., by touch, the fantasy of touch, by vision, and by oral fantasies and activities. This leads to intensification of defenses against overt sexual expression on all levels, as well as against primitive aggressive fantasies and guilt. The symbolic significance of various symptoms in anorexia nervosa is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75941,"journal":{"name":"International journal of psychoanalytic psychotherapy","volume":"9 ","pages":"257-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18168680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}