{"title":"Trisomy 21. An international symposium. Rapallo, Italy, November 8-10, 1979.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"1-265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17282264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gene mapping and chromosome 21: history and methodology.","authors":"E B Robson","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"147-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17282266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prenatal losses of trisomy 21.","authors":"J Boué, C Deluchat, H Nicolas, A Boué","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various cytogenetic studies of early spontaneous abortions have observed trisomy 21 in about 3% of the abortuses. Analyses of prenatal diagnosis performed during the 17th week of gestation and observations on late spontaneous abortions and perinatal deaths have also shown the importance of lethal trisomy 21 in the second half of pregnancy. From these studies, it can be estimated that at least four-fifths of conceptuses with trisomy 21 fail to survive. One important question is why the same chromosome anomaly in a zygote can lead either to an early arrest of development or to a liveborn infant. Pathologic examinations of spontaneously aborted embryos with trisomy 21 have rarely shown malformations that can explain the death of the embryo, but macroscopic and microscopic examinations of their placentas show growth retardation and hypoplasia. Analysis of in vitro growth characteristics of cell lines established from tissues of trisomy 21 embryos have demonstrated differences in cell population doubling times; this may explain variations in the developmental potentials of conceptuses with trisomy 21.</p>","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"183-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17282268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathology of trisomy 21--with particular reference to persistent common atrioventricular canal of the heart.","authors":"H Rehder","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While certain external anomalies are specific and almost constant features in Down's syndrome, internal anomalies seem to be more variable in terms of frequency and severity. They may affect any organ system and are more often of minor clinical significance. However, severe malformations may occur. When they affect the cardiovascular system, postnatal survival is impaired, which is responsible for a distinctly higher incidence of cardiac and other malformations in younger children or neonates with Down's syndrome. Fetuses with trisomy 21 at midterm pregnancy show even more frequent manifestation of developmental disorders suggesting an increased spontaneous abortion rate in the second half of pregnancy. The analysis of malformations and minor anomalies in Down's syndrome compared to those of other chromosomal aberrations shows no absolute specificity but a tendency for certain developmental disturbances. These are characterized not so much by the organ system involved, but much more by the time in which the disturbance of a developmental process becomes evident, thus influencing type and localization of an anomaly. Particular reference is made to anomalies of the cardiovascular and cerebral system.</p>","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"57-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17282274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Lindsten, L. Marsk, K. Berglund, L. Iselius, Nils Ryman, G. Annéren, B. Kjessler, F. Mitelman, I. Nordenson, Jan Wahlström, L. Vejlens
{"title":"Incidence of Down's syndrome in Sweden during the years 1968-1977.","authors":"Jan Lindsten, L. Marsk, K. Berglund, L. Iselius, Nils Ryman, G. Annéren, B. Kjessler, F. Mitelman, I. Nordenson, Jan Wahlström, L. Vejlens","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"57 4","pages":"195-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51022103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Lindsten, L Marsk, K Berglund, L Iselius, N Ryman, G Annerén, B Kjessler, F Mitelman, I Nordenson, J Wahlström, L Vejlens
{"title":"Incidence of Down's syndrome in Sweden during the years 1968-1977.","authors":"J Lindsten, L Marsk, K Berglund, L Iselius, N Ryman, G Annerén, B Kjessler, F Mitelman, I Nordenson, J Wahlström, L Vejlens","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of Down's syndrome has been studied among children born in Sweden during the years 1968-1977. The risk for mothers of different ages of bearing such a child did not change during these years. This does not exclude that a change in incidence might have occurred in smaller areas of the country but escaped detection for statistical reasons. A higher than expected number of children with Down's syndrome were born in a few communities, which most likely is a chance event. No correlation could be detected between the incidence of Down's syndrome and a number of socioeconomic variables. The correlation with maternal age was studied in detail. There was a significant excess of males among both the newborn children with Down's syndrome and fetuses with trisomy 21 aborted after prenatal diagnosis. A similar tendency was found among the cases with a chromosome mosaicism but not among those with a translocation. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the excess of males with trisomy 21.</p>","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"195-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17282269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Down's syndrome and the family.","authors":"A Gath","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68006-9_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75915,"journal":{"name":"Human genetics. Supplement","volume":"2 ","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1981-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17282275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}