Current problems in pediatrics最新文献_第8页

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80053-X

MD James A. Stockman III (President, American Board of Pediatrics, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Clinical Professor, Duke University Medical Center)

引用次数: 0

Oral feeding in infants 婴儿的口服喂养

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80052-8

PhD Chantal Lau (member), RN, MS, IBCLC Nancy Hurst (member)

引用次数: 102

Understanding airway disease in infants 了解婴儿气道疾病

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80040-1

MD Jonathan D. Finder

{"title":"Understanding airway disease in infants","authors":"MD Jonathan D. Finder","doi":"10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80040-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80040-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><ul><li>•Large airway diseases manifest in ways distinct from those of small airway diseases.</li><li>•Noisy breathing that begins early in life suggests a congenital lesion of the large airways.</li><li>•The findings of elevated respiratory rate, in conjunction with subcostal retractions, hyperinflation to percussion, and musical wheezes, are diagnostic of small airway obstruction.</li><li>•Differentiating large from small airway disease is crucial, because each disease has a distinct diagnosis, and treatment of the 2 disease types can be quite different.</li></ul>When these principles are applied to a patient with wheezing or other signs of airway compromise, it becomes fairly easy to differentiate large from small airway disease. The treatment of patients with large airway disease can be substantially different from that of patients with small airway disease. Being able to differentiate the two is critically important. With the use of the history, physical examination, and radiographic evaluations described earlier, nearly every patient can be given an accurate diagnosis and treated appropriately.</div>","PeriodicalId":75760,"journal":{"name":"Current problems in pediatrics","volume":"29 3","pages":"Pages 65-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80040-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Clinical facts and curios 临床事实和奇闻

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80042-5

MD James A Stockman III (President, American Board of Pediatrics, Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Clinical Professor, Duke University Medical Center)

引用次数: 0

Stressors and concerns in teen asthma 青少年哮喘的压力源和关注点

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80041-3

MD Christopher Randolph , LPN Barbara Fraser

{"title":"Stressors and concerns in teen asthma","authors":"MD Christopher Randolph , LPN Barbara Fraser","doi":"10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80041-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80041-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Adolescents are uniquely susceptible to poor outcome with asthma because of their desire for autonomy, denial of disease, preference for immediate gain rather than prophylaxis, restricted ability to control their psychosocial and physical environment, and difficult transition to health care. Tobacco smoking as well as related drug abuse and passive exposure to tobacco is a major obstacle to managing adolescent asthma, together with atopy and psychosocial problems. Recent investigations indicate that adolescents are uniquely susceptible to tobacco industry promotions and logos because of these developmental characteristics.By understanding adolescent development, behavior and peer group impact, with its spectrum from early to late adolescence, clinicians can target their educational interventions more successfully in asthma. Health care provision for the adolescent with asthma requires a multidisciplinary team spearheaded by a primary care provider with the expert guidance of an allergist, outreach nurse, mental health worker, and social service representative. This care must be negotiated with an appropriate educational plan on the basis of NHLBI guidelines to be successful. Medications should be prescribed no more than twice a day, whenever possible, in conjunction with an action plan on the basis of peak flow readings to warn the adolescent when to use more medication and when to call the clinician. The plan should empower adolescents by recognizing their need for autonomy with self-management, enabling them to have a safe and comfortable lifestyle, and being physically and mentally at ease with their peers, family, school, and work environments.</div>","PeriodicalId":75760,"journal":{"name":"Current problems in pediatrics","volume":"29 3","pages":"Pages 82-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80041-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20958859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Clinical facts and curios 临床事实和奇闻

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80047-4

MD James A. Stockman III (President, American Board of Pediatrics)

引用次数: 0

Testing for exposure to illicit drugs and other agents in the neonate: a review of laboratory methods and the role of meconium analysis. 检测暴露于非法药物和其他代理人在新生儿:实验室方法的审查和胎便分析的作用。

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-02-01

E M Ostrea

引用次数: 0

Testing for exposure to illicit drugs and other agents in the neonate: A review of laboratory methods and the role of meconium analysis 检测暴露于非法药物和其他代理人在新生儿:实验室方法和胎便分析的作用的回顾

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80046-2

MD Enrique M. Ostrea Jr (Professor of Pediatrics)

引用次数: 62

Clinical facts and curios 临床事实和奇闻

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80016-4

MD James A. Stockman III (President, American Board of Pediatrics Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of North Carolina Clinical Professor, Duke University Medical Center)

引用次数: 0

Childhood obesity 儿童肥胖

Current problems in pediatrics Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80011-5

MD Richard Strauss (Director)

{"title":"Childhood obesity","authors":"MD Richard Strauss (Director)","doi":"10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80011-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80011-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><ul><li>•Approximately 10% of children are obese.</li><li>•Twin and adoption studies demonstrate a large genetic component to obesity, especially in adults. However, the increasing prevalence of obesity over the last 20 years can only be explained by environmental factors.</li><li>•In most obese individuals, no measurable differences in metabolism can be detected.</li><li>•Few children engage in regular physical activity.</li><li>•Obese children and adults uniformly underreport the amount of food they eat.</li><li>•Obesity is particularly related to increased consumption of high-fat foods.</li><li>•BMI is a quick and easy way to screen for childhood obesity.</li><li>•Treating childhood obesity relies on positive family support and lifestyle changes involving the whole family. Food preferences are influenced early by parental eating habits, and when developed in childhood, they tend to remain fairly constant into adulthood.</li><li>•Children learn to be active or inactive from their parents. In addition, physical activity (or more commonly, physical inactivity) habits that are established in childhood tend to persist into adulthood.</li><li>•Weight loss is usually followed by changes in appetite and metabolism, predisposing individuals to regain their weight. However, when the right family dynamics exist—a motivated child with supportive parents—long-term success is possible.</li></ul>The pediatrician's approach was best summarized by Hilde Bruch1 25 years ago:The pediatrician plays an important role in the prevention of obesity. From birth on, feeding a child always involves a dual task—namely, offering food in appropriate amounts and gearing it to the child's expression of his needs. Only in this way can he develop discriminating awareness and become active in establishing self-regulation. … If a child is fed when he is hungry, played with when he needs attention, and encouraged to be active when he is restless, he is not likely to grow up inhibited and passive or overstuffed and helpless, unable to control his eating because every discomfort is misinterpreted as a need to eat.</div>","PeriodicalId":75760,"journal":{"name":"Current problems in pediatrics","volume":"29 1","pages":"Pages 5-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0045-9380(99)80011-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20825526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2