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Thrombosis detection using radionuclide techniques. 利用放射性核素技术检测血栓形成。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-02-01
M M Webber, P Sansi
{"title":"Thrombosis detection using radionuclide techniques.","authors":"M M Webber,&nbsp;P Sansi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radionuclides have been used in the evaluation of intravascular thrombosis for several years. The most widely accepted nonimaging technique is I-125 labeled fibrinogen. It is commonly used for patients who have a high probability of developing a thrombus (e.g., those undergoing surgery). Other techniques are emerging as having value in thrombosis detection. These techniques include radionuclide venography and clot localization scanning techniques utilizing the affinity of clot for small radiolabeled particles, as well as imaging techniques using I-131 labeled fibrinogen. More recently, a number of the above-mentioned techniques have been applied to patient problems. The FDA ban on commercial radiolabeled fibrinogen in the United States has promoted the development of alternative techniques and the use of autologous fibrinogen. A number of other techniques for thrombosis detection have also been explored on a more experimental basis. They include the use of thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase, urokinase, and white blood cells, as well as platelets. The common lung or pulmonary perfusion scan using macroaggregates of albumin or microspheres radiolabeled also gives information as to the presence of thrombosis of embolus within the pulmonary arteries, by showing the effect upon the perfusion pattern. This review will explore in detail the principles, as well as the present and prospective usefulness of the techniques currently available.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"7 3","pages":"263-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11349679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technetium-99m labeled agents for skeletal imaging. 用于骨骼成像的锝-99m标记剂。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-01-01
J H Thrall
{"title":"Technetium-99m labeled agents for skeletal imaging.","authors":"J H Thrall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals are the currently accepted agents of choice for skeletal imaging. Their introduction in 1971 literally initiated a new era in clinical bone scanning. The development of techniques for reducing Tc(VII) with Sn(II) provided the means for complexing this useful radionuclide with various phosphorus-containing compounds which were already known to be avid bone seekers. Long chain polyphosphates were widely used at first, but have been superceded by pyrophosphate and its organic analogs, the diphosphonates. Pyrophosphate is characterized chemically by P--O--P bonds, and the diphosphonates by P--C--P bonds. The chemical forms of their complexes with tin and technetium are not known, but they behave in many respects as weak chelates. Labeling efficiencies for 99mTc of 95% or better are routinely obtainable with both \"in house\" preparations and commercial kits. Proper molar concentrations and ratios of phosphorus-compound to tin are necessary for both for good labeling and to achieve optimum tissue distribution. Unreacted TcO4- and reduced unbound 99mTc are both potential contaminants in these preparations and must be considered in radiochemical quality control. In vivo tissue distribution and kinetics of the 99mTc-Sn-phosphorus compounds differ with details of preparation, category of agent, and clinical status of the patient. Blood clearance is multi-exponential, with skeletal uptake and urinary clearance accounting for most of the activity. Scanning may be started in 2 1/2 to 4 hr, at which time skeletal activity is on the order of 40 to 50% of the injected dose. The primary indication for bone scanning remains the detection of metastases from extraskeletal malignancies, and the 99mTc labeled agents are more sensitive than either radiographs or Fluorine-18 for demonstrating active lesions. In addition, many new applications in evaluating benign bone disease have widened the clinical scope of skeletal imaging which is rapidly becoming one of the most important studies in nuclear medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11979274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some specific radiological findings and consideration of linitis plastica of the gastrointestinal tract. 胃肠道可塑性局限性炎的一些特殊影像学表现及考虑。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-01-01
M M Raskin
{"title":"Some specific radiological findings and consideration of linitis plastica of the gastrointestinal tract.","authors":"M M Raskin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Linitis plastica denotes a diffuse, intramurally infiltrating, anaplastic carcinoma in a hollow structure resulting in a shrunken organ with thickened walls. Microscopically, linitis plastica is characterized by tumor cells in the presence of inflammatory changes with much fibrosis. Linitis plastica is found most frequently in the stomach where it may produce the classical \"leather-bottle stomach\". Metastases to the colon are frequent via contiguity along mesenteric fascial planes. Therefore, when linitis plastica carcinoma of the stomach or colon is found, the other organ must also be carefully examined. Although rare, primary linitis plastica carcinoma can occur in the colon where it is often characterized by a long stenotic lesion without irritability, sometimes appearing more like an inflammatory lesion than a carcinoma. While the radiological features are not diagnostic, they are, in many cases, suggestive of this entity. The entire spectrum of linitis plastica is reviewed in relationship to the gastrointestinal tract, synthesizing the pertinent literature, with correlation of clinical, pathophysiological, and specific radiological findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"87-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11402540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intrarenal arterial aneurysms. 肾内动脉瘤。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-01-01
P L Longstreth, M Korobkin
{"title":"Intrarenal arterial aneurysms.","authors":"P L Longstreth,&nbsp;M Korobkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intraparenchymal renal aneurysms have been reported with increasing frequency; yet, to our knowledge, this subject has not been reviewed in radiologic literature. The spectrum of such aneurysms includes congenital aneurysms, those secondary to disease usually affecting the main renal arteries, those associated with renal masses, microaneurysms, and false or pseudo aneurysms. Seemingly unrelated conditions, such as atherosclerosis, bacterial endocarditis, and trauma, can all produce similar radiographic appearance of aneurysmal dilatation within the kidney, albeit through differing mechanisms. In addition, there are several etiologies for renal microaneurysms, even though this finding has been considered specific for polyarteritis in the past. Although there were a few guidelines for recognizing certain specific etiologies based solely on the angiographic appearance, it must be appreciated that many of these conditions may be indistinguishable. The possibility of hemorrhage from such intrarenal aneurysms, and the question of whether such lesions are responsible for renovascular hypertension are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"129-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11234008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radionuclide angiography with 99m technetium-RBCs. 放射性核素血管造影99m技术-红细胞。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-01-01
U Y Ryo, S M Pinsky
{"title":"Radionuclide angiography with 99m technetium-RBCs.","authors":"U Y Ryo,&nbsp;S M Pinsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When properly labeled 99mTc-RBCs are injected into a patient, these labeled cells are fairly stable in the circulation thus allowing scintigraphic studies on cardiovascular system. Among various modified techniques published for 99mTc-RBCs labeling, incubation of RBCs with 99mTc pertechnetate then with tin yielded 99mTc-RBCs most stable in the circulation. Average labeling efficiency of 99mTc-RBCs was 66%. After an injection of about 10 mCi 99mTc-RBCs, clear images of the heart chambers and major vessels could be obtained using a gamma camera. Resolution of vascular structures improved significantly when images were taken using gamma camera equipped with pinhole collimator. Radionuclide angiography with 99mTc-RBCs was very useful in detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm, evaluation of mediastinal mass--thoracic aortic aneurysm, and detection of abnormality in a smaller vessel such as carotid artery. Advantages of this procedure are (1) the technique is simple and noninvasive; (2) it has capability of functional evaluation by obtaining flow study; and (3) multiple and repetitive static views can be obtained even several hours after an injection.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"107-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11979275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The etiology of inferior vena caval obstruction and compression. 下腔静脉阻塞和压迫的病因。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-01-01
R D Harris
{"title":"The etiology of inferior vena caval obstruction and compression.","authors":"R D Harris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review of inferior vena caval obstruction and narrowing centers the discussion on the major groups of diseases which produce primary or secondary obstruction and those which cause distortion or narrowing of the inferior vena cava. Although the majority of these diseases which are involved affect both adults and children, a separate discussion of pediatric causes of inferior vena caval involvement is included. The paper has been organized for discussion by the anatomic areas of potential involvement by disease: the lower, middle, and upper thirds of the vena cava. Other subjects which are covered include a description of the various techniques used for performing inferior vena cavography. A section on the normal anatomy, anatomic variations which may be encountered, and collateral venous pathways is presented. There is also a section on possible pitfalls in interpretation of cavography. The relative value of the vena cavogram in the evaluation of abdominal disease is discussed and the cavogram is compared with other methods of evaluating the retroperitoneum such as arteriography, lymphangiography, excretory urography, and B-mode ultrasonography. Numerous illustrations are included to demonstrate various aspects of inferior vena caval involvement by diseases. Where appropriate, short discussions of the clinical aspects are also included.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"57-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11402539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal masses. 良恶性肾肿块的鉴别诊断。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1976-01-01
J A Nelson, P R Koehler
{"title":"Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal masses.","authors":"J A Nelson,&nbsp;P R Koehler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high incidence of renal mass lesions, particularly the frequent occurrence of renal cysts in elderly patients, makes the differentiation of benign from malignant renal mass lesions an important clinical challenge. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important for establishing the prognosis and for avoiding unnecessary surgery, with its increased morbidity and expense, when benignity can be established confidently. A broad spectrum of radiographically related imaging and biopsy techniques are currently available for the detection and characterization of renal mass lesions. In addition to plain film findings and radiographic contrast studies, nuclear medicine techniques and ultrasound analysis of renal mass lesions have made significant contribution to accurate differentiation of cysts from solid masses. Ultrasound scanning and cyst puncture in particular have attained critical significance in the workup of renal masses; Several recent publications analyze the accuracy, comparative costs, complications, and cumulative confidence of the various available procedures. An accuracy of 95% or greater appears attainable when definitive interpretation of the appropriate test is technically achieved, The current review will discuss the recent literature concerning renal mass lesions. The techniques and findings which should lead to acceptable confidence in the nonoperative differentiation of renal masses will be discussed. Factors regarding safety, accuracy, and expense will be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"3356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11979276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiology of acute appendicitis and its complications. 急性阑尾炎及其并发症的影像学分析。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1975-12-01
N Joffe
{"title":"Radiology of acute appendicitis and its complications.","authors":"N Joffe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"97-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12287877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The diagnostic value of serial brain scanning. 连续脑扫描的诊断价值。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1975-12-01
J H Christie, R T Go, R L Schapiro
{"title":"The diagnostic value of serial brain scanning.","authors":"J H Christie,&nbsp;R T Go,&nbsp;R L Schapiro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A survey of the literature pertaining to several serial brain scanning procedures has been presented. These procedures include rapid brain imaging, sequential brain imaging, delayed from imaging, and follow-up brain imaging. Applications of these techniques to specific clinical problems have been stressed and the reported results reviewed. Thus, it has been indicated that rapid brain imaging is most useful in detecting lesions secondary to cerebrovascular disease but may also provide some helpful information pertaining to the differential diagnosis of other C.N.S. lesions demonstrated on subsequent static brain scans. Sequential brain imaging is a time-consuming adjunctive procedure which, however, can be extraordinarily helpful in a highly selected group of problem cases which present with relatively small lesions adjacent to normal anatomic structures which themselves have considerable radioactivity. Delayed brain imaging has the distinction of detecting the greatest number of intracranial lesions but is attended by tactical problems in maintaining an optimal patient flow through the department and also has the undesirable consequence of reduced information density and diminished image quality, unless greater radiation doses are injected. Follow-up brain imaging is useful in the differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular and neoplastic disease and in the assessment of effectiveness of radiation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"161-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11391558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new system of radiology reporting. 一种新的放射学报告系统。
CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine Pub Date : 1975-12-01
G M Kolodny
{"title":"A new system of radiology reporting.","authors":"G M Kolodny","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75747,"journal":{"name":"CRC critical reviews in clinical radiology and nuclear medicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"187-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12380248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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