Clinical and experimental neurology最新文献_第7页

Automatisms--the current legal position related to clinical practice and medicolegal interpretation. 自动性——与临床实践和医学法律解释相关的当前法律地位。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

R G Beran

{"title":"Automatisms--the current legal position related to clinical practice and medicolegal interpretation.","authors":"R G Beran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The interface between medicine and the law is an area which demands further investigation. There can be no criminal capability for an act unless the perpetrator had both the will to so act and the capacity to differentiate and choose whether or not to conform the particular behaviour to that dictated by the law. The capacity for choice must remain the fundamental issue. The range of conditions which can raise volition as a defence include: Somnambulism; post-traumatic syndromes; epilepsy; arteriosclerosis; or acts secondary to cerebral neoplasia. There is need to differentiate between reflex actions and automatisms and it is imperative that terms such as automatism or automatic behaviour are not perverted to allow an excuse for that which is inexcusable. Cases such as that of Cogdon, who was acquitted of murdering her daughter; Ramsbottom who was found guilty of causing a traffic accident despite having a stroke; Dennison in which a driver was found guilty despite epilepsy or Jenkins where the driver was initially found innocent of dangerous driving because of the unpredictable nature of diabetes are discussed. Special attention will be focused upon the case of Sullivan, a landmark in consideration of automatism in epilepsy. The paper examines insane verses non-insane automatism and the Australian legal system as it affects modern neurological practice. Suggestions are proffered as to how the law should be modified to better reflect justice as required within the context of modern medical knowledge. 'The social and psychological pressures that shape our criminals also shape-those who make and remake the laws which aim to control, punish or rehabilitate them, and those who try to change their behaviour.'","PeriodicalId":75709,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental neurology","volume":"29 ","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12517842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Video EEG analysis of non-ictal events in children. 儿童非临界事件的视频脑电图分析。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

A M Bye, J Nunan

{"title":"Video EEG analysis of non-ictal events in children.","authors":"A M Bye, J Nunan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Over a 3 year period 186 children aged 3 weeks to 17 years were studied by telemetry (prolonged video and EEG monitoring) at the Prince of Wales Children's Hospital: 74 had events considered at referral to possibly represent seizures but which were shown by clinical analysis and telemetry to be non-ictal. Nine such patients were developmentally delayed, one was neurologically impaired and 16 were both developmentally delayed and neurologically impaired. A specific diagnosis of the non-ictal events was reached in 24 subjects-postures of spasticity in children with neurological impairment (6), Münchausen-by-proxy (5), pseudoseizures (3), breathholding (2), masturbation (2), reflux (2), shudder (1), movement disorder (1), motor tic (1) and pertussis (1). Specific descriptive patterns were assigned to the remaining 51 events. These included staring (20) and jerks (16) or unusual behaviour (15). 49 inter-event EEGs were normal; 7 displayed abnormal background rhythms and 19 showed epileptiform activity. We discourage use of the term 'pseudoseizure' for the majority of the events described and prefer that a specific diagnosis be made or a descriptive analysis be provided. The events seen illustrate the wide spectrum of childhood behaviour and on occasions suggest the need for telemetry to determine their true nature.","PeriodicalId":75709,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental neurology","volume":"29 ","pages":"92-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12517843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The E. Graeme Robertson Lecture. Interesting neurological syndromes. E.格雷姆·罗伯逊讲座。有趣的神经系统综合症。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

J W Lance

引用次数: 0

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: altered axon reflex and autonomic responses [corrected]. 反射性交感神经营养不良:轴突反射和自主神经反应改变[修正]。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

R A Westerman, I Pano, A Rabavilas, A Hahn, A Nunn, R G Roberts, H Burry

引用次数: 0

The cervical spine in fatal motor vehicle accidents. 致命车祸中的颈椎。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

J Leditschke, R M Anderson, W S Hare

引用次数: 0

Update on surgical treatment of the epilepsies. 手术治疗癫痫的最新进展。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

J Engel

引用次数: 0

Psychosocial aspects of epilepsy and of epilepsy surgery. 癫痫和癫痫手术的社会心理方面。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

P F Bladin

引用次数: 0

Comparison of transcranial Doppler with DSA in vertebrobasilar ischaemia. 经颅多普勒与DSA在椎基底动脉缺血诊断中的比较。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

L M Cher, B R Chambers, V Smidt

引用次数: 0

XIXth century pre-Jacksonian concepts of epileptogenesis. 19世纪前杰克逊关于癫痫发生的概念。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

M J Eadie

{"title":"XIXth century pre-Jacksonian concepts of epileptogenesis.","authors":"M J Eadie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"By the beginning of the XIXth Century the old belief that epilepsy was due to demonic possession or to malevolent influences emanating from a variety of sources had largely given way to an acceptance that the disorder was a physical illness which arose in the brain, though in some not very precisely defined way. No even reasonably satisfactory hypotheses about epileptogenesis were available till Marshall Hall (1790-1857), from 1836 onwards, popularised the concept of reflex action which had earlier been described by Robert Whytt (1714-1776) under the name 'sympathy'. Marshall Hall interpreted epilepsy as due to abnormal irritability in the afferent limb or central section of what later came to be called the reflex arc, loss of consciousness in the seizures being the result of secondary cerebral venous congestion. This concept of epileptogenesis was refined by Brown-Séquard, who in 1858 ascribed a more important role to overt or occult peripheral afferent nerve irritability, considered that the central element of the relevant reflex mechanism involved the medulla oblongata, and believed that reflex cerebral vasospasm, rather than cerebral venous congestion, caused loss of consciousness in the seizures. Almost contemporaneously, Schroeder van der Kolk placed considerably greater emphasis on the medullary element in causing the increased excitability of the reflex arc that produced epileptic seizures. These ideas of exaggerated reflex activity as the mechanism of epilepsy were made redundant by the work of Hughlings Jackson (1837-1911), who from 1860 onwards demonstrated that epilepsy arose in the cerebrum itself, rather than from altered function at lower levels of the nervous system.","PeriodicalId":75709,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental neurology","volume":"29 ","pages":"26-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12517129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Low osmolar and non-ionic X-ray contrast media and cortical blindness. 低渗透性和非离子型x射线造影剂与皮质性失明。

Clinical and experimental neurology Pub Date : 1992-01-01

A G Kermode, T Chakera, F L Mastaglia

引用次数: 0