American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Managing Internal Parasites of Small Ruminants using Medicinal Plants a Review on Alternative Remedies, Efficacy Evaluation Techniques and Conservational Strategies","authors":"Wandile Nikelo, M. Mpayipheli, L. McGaw","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.228.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.228.238","url":null,"abstract":": Throughout the world, internal parasites are a major hindrance to small ruminant production. The most common internal parasites in grazing small ruminants are likely to be gastrointestinal nematodes. They cause a reduction in live-weight gain, wool growth, poor reproductive performance, and increased production costs and thus hamper global food security. Pharmaceutical control continues to be the main measure used to manage or control internal parasites, however as the resistance of internal parasite populations spreads, the efficiency of this method in resource-limited environments becomes limited and complex. Efforts to curb production losses caused by internal parasites have led communal farmers to use other treatments such as locally available indigenous medicinal plants to control internal parasites as an alternative to pharmaceuticals. However, many medicinal plants still need to be evaluated for their efficacy and efficiency using both in vitro as well as in vivo methods. Furthermore, in many developing countries, the use of these plants is not well documented nor they are guided by certain rules and regulations to conserve them. Therefore, the objective of this review was to document various remedies prepared from medicinal plants to manage internal parasites in small ruminants. A further objective was to evaluate techniques used to determine the safety and efficacy of these plants and to suggest possible strategies to conserve such useful plants and the knowledge associated with them.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48926971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Chemical Characteristics of Various Commercial Animal Skin Crackers","authors":"S. Susanti, A. Hintono, S. Mulyani, Fadia Aini Ardi, F. Arifan","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.314.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.314.321","url":null,"abstract":": This study aims to compare the data on chemical characteristics (protein content, fat, ash, moisture, Free Fatty Acid (FFA), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), and total energy) of commercial skin crackers made from various kinds of animal skin. Four categories of commercial animal skin crackers from the same producer were assigned as treatments, including cowhide crackers, buffalo askin crackers, fish skin crackers, and chicken skin crackers. The data showed that the type of animal skin as the raw material for crackers had a significant effect on the levels of protein, fat, ash, free fatty acid value, and total energy of the final product. However, the type of animal skin did not significantly affect of moisture content of the product. The highest protein content was shown in cowhide crackers and buffalo skin crackers, where cowhide crackers also showed the lowest fat content and free fatty acid value but high ash content (p<0.05). Descriptively, the thiobarbituric acid value of cowhide crackers is also low. Meanwhile, the highest total energy was owned by chicken skin crackers (p<0.05). Thus, among commercial animal skin crackers products, cowhide crackers have the best chemical characteristics because they contain higher protein and ash with a lower fat content, free fatty acid value, thiobarbituric acid value, and total energy so they can be recommended as a quality.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attempts to Stimulate Immunology Responses by Intramuscular and Intraperitoneal Delivery of EPS-Adjuvanted Mannheimiosis Vaccine","authors":"Ghaith Hussein Mansour, L. Razzak, H. Sheikh, Mohd Effendy ABD WAHID","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.322.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.322.331","url":null,"abstract":": This study was conducted on 48 male Sprague Dawley rats to determine the immunological responses of experimental adjuvanted vaccines of Mannheimia haemolytica A2 ( M. haemolytica A2) injection and to observe their protection level upon live M. haemolytica A2 challenge. Forty-eight clinically healthy Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; Groups 1 and 2 were vaccinated intramuscularly and intraperitoneally, respectively, with an Exo-Polysaccharide (EPS)-adjuvanted vaccine prepared from formalin-killed M. haemolytica serotypes A2, Group 3 with formalin killed M . haemolytica seed. At the same time, Group 4 received intraperitoneally Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) as a control. After the first vaccination dose, Groups 1,2, and 3 showed a gradual increase in IgM, IgG, and IgA levels significantly (p<0.05). However, their level started to decline six weeks post-vaccination, indicating that the booster dose was needed. Upon the delivery of the second booster dose, antibodies titer showed a persistent increase significantly (p<0.05), especially the serum IgG level. All groups were challenged with live virulent Mannheimia haemolytica A2 after the level of antibodies declined twice after the second booster was delivered. No rat deaths were found in the Combined EPS - M. haemolytica adjuvant vaccine after 14 days following the challenge (0%). In unvaccinated rats, higher mortality and morbidity were noted (100%) and less was reported in rats receiving M. haemolytica A2 Vaccine seed (8%). Histologically at two weeks, post-challenge revealed negligible lung lesions in groups 1 and 2 and mild lesions in group 3. Lung lesions were recorded in all unvaccinated control rats. Furthermore, M. haemolytica A2 re-isolated successfully from lung samples in groups 3 and 4. In conclusion, Rats receiving adjuvant- M. haemolytica vaccine confers reasonably high preventive efficacy compared to M. haemolytica A2 by itself. Further studies should be conducted on measuring the antibody titer in different vivo, such as goats or sheep.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47208919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological Basis of Probiotics use for Growing Gees","authors":"G. Tsapalova, A. Khabirov, Ruzil Avzalov, Z. Ilyasova, L. Sataeva, F. Gafarova","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.258.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.258.266","url":null,"abstract":": The article presents the results of the growing broiler goslings of the Kuban breed when the probiotics Vita fort and Lactobifadol are included in the feeding diet. The periodic feeding probiotics for seven days/seven days’ break was found to provide, at the age of 62 days, an increase in body weight by 10.1% (p˂0.01) when feeding Vita fort and by 3.7% when feeding Lactobifadol. While using probiotics, protein metabolism increased in the body of broiler goslings, = and also in the digestibility of nutrients increased. Similarly, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium balance showed better performance in the goslings fed with Vita fort. The use of probiotics enhanced protein metabolism and improved the process of splitting and assimilation of nutrients in the current study.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth Traits as Indicators of Body Weights in Dorper Sheep","authors":"Molabe Kagisho Madikadike, V. Mbazima, B. Gunya, Thobela Louis Tyasi","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.332.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.332.338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48293032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of Conventional Feeding Regimen on the Productivity of Bali Cattle in Samarinda","authors":"H. Mayulu, S. Maisyaroh, S. Rahmatullah, Irsan Tricahyadinata","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.274.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.274.280","url":null,"abstract":": The pattern of Bali cattle farming in Indonesia is dominated by traditional livestock systems which are identical to local feeding (without taking into account the needs of cattle. This study aims to determine the effect of conventional feeding on the productivity of Bali cattle in Lempake Village, North Samarinda Sub-district, Samarinda City. The study targeted male Bali cattle and measured chest circumference for body weight gain (BWG), Average Daily Gain (ADG), and feed weighing to obtain Dry Matter Intake (DMI) and feed efficiency. The data were analyzed using a multiple linear analysis with the help of a computer program SPSS to assess the correlation between productivity and the independent variables, namely X 1 = DMI; X 2 = BWG; X 3 = ADG; and X 4 = feed efficiency. The results showed that the samples had an average DMI, BWG, ADG, and feed efficiency of 16.54, 0.43, 0.43 kg/head/day, and 2.58%, respectively. The regression equation obtained was Y = -1,974+0,005X 1 -0,0559X 2 + 11,685X 3 + 1,1287X 4 and the coefficient of determination revealed that all the variables had a 90.6% effect on Bali cattle productivity. Bali cattle had a productivity value of 1.85, which shows that the fattening business was profitable or economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48582034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-Prevalence of Rift Valley Fever and Brucellosis in Cattle of Northern Benin, West Africa","authors":"Kadoéito Cyrille Boko, A. I. Ibrahim, Y. Akpo, Meriadec Evrard Alladassi, Nestor Oscar Aguidissou, Ange-Régis Zoclanclounon, S. Farougou","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.267.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.267.273","url":null,"abstract":": Abortive diseases such as Brucellosis and Rift Valley Fever are among the major constraints for ruminant breeding due to the economic losses they cause for the animal keepers and the risk of human and environmental contamination. A serological study was conducted, from August to October 2021, in the commune of Malanville to assess the prevalence of the two diseases in Northern Benin. 92 blood samples were randomly collected from 7 farms that acknowledge abortion occurrence within the last 12 months. The sera resulting from collected blood samples were tested for Rift Valley Fever virus and Brucella antibodies using the competition ELISA. The results showed that 13.04 and 17.39% of the samples were positive for Rift Valley Fever and brucellosis respectively. This indicates that although there is no official reported outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever in Benin, the virus is circulating among the livestock population. Therefore to control the disease spread and protect the livestock keepers and animal source food consumers' health, all the stakeholders including animal and human health experts, researchers, policymakers, relevant ministries, and livestock keepers must develop a participatory control program of the disease for the years to come using a One Health approach.","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49005778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Safety in the Production and Consumption of Fish: The Case of Vibrio Vulnificus","authors":"A. Cortés-Sánchez, L. D. Espinosa-Chaurand, M. Díaz‐Ramírez, M. Salgado‐Cruz, E. Torres-Ochoa","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.239.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.239.257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47968321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reindeer Infestation with Cysticercus Tarandi in the Tundra of Yamalia, Russia","authors":"A. Siben, A. Nikonov","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.307.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.307.313","url":null,"abstract":": Improving the efficiency of reindeer husbandry can only be achieved by preserving the health of animals, which requires the organization of measures to protect animals from infectious and invasive pathogens. C. tarandi is the larval stage of Taenia krabbei and causes damage to muscle fibers and a decrease in the commercial qualities, energy and nutritional value of reindeer meat. The study aimed to evaluate the distribution of C. tarandi in the population of domesticated reindeer grazing on the tundra of the Tazovsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The infestation level was assessed upon detection of the cysticerci of C. tarandi in the muscle fibers and hearts during reindeer carcasses examination (n = 38,580). During the study period (2016-2018), the infestation of the reindeer with C. tarandi averaged 6.5%. At the slaughter unit in Tazovsky village, the infestation prevalence averaged 9.7% and in Antipayuta village was up to 5.7%. The greatest infestation rate was observed in animals belonging to the Tazovsky agricultural production cooperative and in Agrofirma Pripolarnaya limited liability company with 16.7 and 21.2%, respectively, in 2016. The lowest infestation was observed in animals belonging to private individuals (from 0 to 7.5%). On average, about 33 kg of products were not received from each reindeer carcass infected with C. tarandi .","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42667914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Digestibility of Hay Mangrove with Native Grass","authors":"Rani Winardi Wulan Sari, N. Jamarun, Suyitman, Khasrad, G. Yanti","doi":"10.3844/ajavsp.2022.288.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2022.288.293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7561,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41678262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}