British journal of audiology最新文献_第2页

Lip-reading ability and patterns of cortical activation studied using fMRI. 用功能磁共振成像研究唇读能力和皮层激活模式。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-08-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000132

C N Ludman, A Q Summerfield, D Hall, M Elliott, J Foster, J L Hykin, R Bowtell, P G Morris

{"title":"Lip-reading ability and patterns of cortical activation studied using fMRI.","authors":"C N Ludman, A Q Summerfield, D Hall, M Elliott, J Foster, J L Hykin, R Bowtell, P G Morris","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000132","url":null,"abstract":"Lip-reading is a complex cognitive skill with large individual differences in performance. The basis of these individual differences remains poorly understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques allows brain activation accompanying complex cognitive activities to be studied noninvasively. In the present paper, fMRI was used to study the patterns of cortical activation that occur during the silent lip-reading of connected speech and to investigate whether there are detectable differences in activation between subjects with widely differing lip-reading abilities. From a cohort of 26 volunteers, nine subjects who fell into three distinct lip-reading ability groups were selected. Brain activation was measured in two conditions: an experimental condition where subjects attempted to lip-read sentences; and a baseline condition where subjects passively viewed a static image of a talker's face. Relative to the baseline condition, lip-reading induced activation in several cortical areas, including the auditory cortices, despite the lack of an auditory component to the task. In comparison to the better two groups of lip-readers, subjects in the poorest group displayed significantly less activation in superior and middle temporal gyrus, but not inferior temporal gyrus. These preliminary results justify more extensive investigations of the cortical basis of individual differences in lip-reading.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 4","pages":"225-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21830616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Preliminary neural response telemetry results. 初步的神经反应遥测结果。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000123

H Cullington

引用次数: 31

Recognition of dichotic digits under pre-cued and post-cued response conditions in young and elderly listeners. 青年和老年听众在提示前和提示后反应条件下对二分数字的识别。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000124

A Strouse, R H Wilson, N Brush

{"title":"Recognition of dichotic digits under pre-cued and post-cued response conditions in young and elderly listeners.","authors":"A Strouse, R H Wilson, N Brush","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000124","url":null,"abstract":"Dichotic listening was evaluated in pre-cued and post-cued response conditions using a hierarchical set of one-, two- and three-pair dichotic digit materials. Thirty young adults (mean age 29.1 years) with normal hearing, and 30 older adults in the 60-79-year age range (mean age 68.7 years) with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated. Several patterns of performance were observed. First, recognition performance in the pre-cued condition was better than recognition performance in the post-cued condition for one-, two- and three-pair digits for both age groups. Second, there was a right ear advantage in pre- and post-cued response conditions for both age groups. In the pre-cued condition, the right ear advantage was small owing to ceiling effects associated with ease of the listening task. In the post-cued condition, recognition performance decreased as a function of age, and left ear scores decreased faster than right ear scores, resulting in a larger right ear advantage in the 60-79-year group. Third, as the complexity of the listening task increased from easy (one-pair) to difficult (three-pairs), there was a corresponding decrease in recognition performance for both age groups. The increase in the difference in performance on easy and difficult tasks became larger as a function of age.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"141-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21746150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Use of a loudness model for hearing aid fitting. IV. Fitting hearing aids with multi-channel compression so as to restore 'normal' loudness for speech at different levels. 使用响度模型进行助听器安装。四、安装多声道压缩助听器，使不同声级的语音响度恢复“正常”。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000126

B C Moore

{"title":"Use of a loudness model for hearing aid fitting. IV. Fitting hearing aids with multi-channel compression so as to restore 'normal' loudness for speech at different levels.","authors":"B C Moore","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000126","url":null,"abstract":"Many researchers have proposed that multi-channel compression hearing aids should process sounds so as to restore loudness perception to 'normal'. However, procedures for achieving this have generally been based on measurements or calculations using narrowband stimuli, and these procedures may not be accurate for broadband sounds such as speech. Here, a model for predicting loudness for people with cochlear hearing loss is used to calculate the frequency- and level-dependent gains that would be required to restore loudness perception to 'normal' for speech-like signals. The calculations are based entirely on the pure tone audiogram, and do not require measures of loudness growth. The model was applied to several different hypothetical hearing losses, varying in slope and severity. In each case, the model was used to calculate the insertion gains (IGs) that would be required as a function of frequency so that speech-shaped noise with a level of 65 dB SPL would evoke a specific loudness pattern matching that for a normal ear. A similar procedure was applied using speech-shaped noise with a level of 85 dB SPL (with the spectral characteristics of shouted speech). The results were used to derive functions relating the required IG to hearing loss for each audiometric frequency and each speech-shaped noise level. These functions were used in turn to derive compression ratios and gains for each channel of a multi-channel compression system. The derivations apply to systems with any number of channels. The outcome is a method than can be used for the initial fitting of multichannel compression hearing aids, so as to restore loudness perception to near 'normal' for broadband speech-like signals.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"165-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21746152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

A computerized database of 'normal' auditory brainstem responses. 一个“正常”听觉脑干反应的计算机数据库。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000129

V Sundaramoorthy, M J Pont, C Degg, J A Cook

引用次数: 3

Assessment of the functioning of peripheral auditory pathways after cochlear re-implantation in young children using intra-operative objective measures. 用术中客观测量评价幼儿人工耳蜗再植入术后周围听觉通路的功能。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000127

S M Mason, M Dodd, K P Gibbin, G M O'Donoghue

{"title":"Assessment of the functioning of peripheral auditory pathways after cochlear re-implantation in young children using intra-operative objective measures.","authors":"S M Mason, M Dodd, K P Gibbin, G M O'Donoghue","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000127","url":null,"abstract":"The intra-operative electrical auditory brainstem response (EABR), electrical stapedius reflex threshold (ESRT) and the early post-operative behavioural threshold level (T-level) were recorded in five children undergoing cochlear re-implantation. The aim of the study was to assess objectively the effect of re-implantation on intra-operative objective measures and to investigate neuronal function. The children were aged between 2.06 years and 4.5 years at first implantation. Following failure of the first device, re-implantation was carried out 1.42-5.52 years later. Characteristics of the EABR and ESRT across the electrode array were typical of the expected pattern of responses on both occasions. In particular, the slopes of the amplitude input/output (I/O) functions for wave eV of the intraoperative EABR were similar for both the first and second implants even though absolute thresholds were generally elevated after re-implantation. This elevation in intra-operative threshold was more pronounced than the change in early post-operative behavioural threshold level for electrical stimulation (T-level). Our findings confirm a high level of neuronal survival after re-implantation. Threshold of the intra-operative EABR at the time of re-implantation greatly underestimates the sensitivity of the subsequent early post-operative T-levels.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"179-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21746153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Does having a job improve the quality of life among post-lingually deafened Swedish adults with severe-profound hearing impairment? 有一份工作能改善重度重度听力障碍的瑞典语后失聪成年人的生活质量吗?

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000128

A Grimby, A Ringdahl

{"title":"Does having a job improve the quality of life among post-lingually deafened Swedish adults with severe-profound hearing impairment?","authors":"A Grimby, A Ringdahl","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000128","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL), personal harmony and work-induced problems, and to identify typical personal traits among Swedish adults with a severe-profound hearing impairment who were employed full-time. In comparison with hearing people aged <65 years, the hearing-impaired individuals working full-time differed only as regards energy and social isolation. Compared to another group of hearing-impaired subjects (working either part-time or retired) the study group scored better on most dimensions. Personal harmony of the hearing-impaired group working full-time did not differ from that of average employed Swedish people. The work situation of the group was generally reported to be busy but rewarding, especially concerning contact with fellow workers and management. Among various personal traits examined, strong will-power and stress tolerance were the most significant. However, due to the small sample size, it is not possible to state that the results indicate a general situation or were just due to the study subjects constituting an elite sample of hearing-impaired individuals.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"187-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21746154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Use of the nine-step inflation/deflation test as a predictor of middle ear barotrauma in sports scuba divers. 使用九步充气/紧缩测试作为运动水肺潜水员中耳气压损伤的预测器。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000125

C Uzun, M K Adali, A Tas, M Koten, A R Karasalihoglu, M Devren

{"title":"Use of the nine-step inflation/deflation test as a predictor of middle ear barotrauma in sports scuba divers.","authors":"C Uzun, M K Adali, A Tas, M Koten, A R Karasalihoglu, M Devren","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000125","url":null,"abstract":"Middle ear (ME) barotrauma, the most common disorder encountered in diving, results from inadequate pressure equilibration between the ME and the ambient environment. Eustachian tube function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of barotrauma. This study was designed to investigate the predictive value and efficiency of tympanometric tests of Eustachian tube function (Valsalva test, Toynbee test and nine-step inflation/deflation test) in predicting ME barotrauma in 44 ears of 22 sports scuba divers who had normal audiometry, tympanometry and otorhinolaryngological examination without previous history of ear disease. The divers were counselled to refer to the investigators if any symptoms occurred during and/or after diving. All symptomatic ears were examined within 24 hours of diving by one investigator who was unaware of the pre-symptomatic test results. Decision matrix analysis was applied to the results of Eustachian tube function tests for predicting ears with barotrauma. Values were also evaluated for a battery of tests by 'Lax' (positive on A, B or C) and 'Strict' (positive on A, B and C) criteria. The nine-step test was found to be the most efficient (93%) test with highest predictive values (PPV 83%; NPV 95%), whereas the Valsalva and Toynbee tests were unreliable in predicting barotrauma, whereas the Valsalva and Toynbee tests were unreliable in predicting barotrauma (PPV of the Valsalva and Toynbee tests were 0% and 25% respectively). Combining the nine-step and Toynbee tests into a two-test battery in a strict approach increased the PPV (100%). It appears that the nine-step inflation/deflation test is a reliable method of predicting ME barotrauma sufferers, especially when applied with the Toynbee test. The nine-step test may have value in the evaluation of Eustachian tube function of sports scuba diving candidates after routine otorhinolaryngological, audiological and tympanometric evaluation.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 3","pages":"153-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21746151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37

British Society of Audiology Short Papers Meeting on Experimental Studies of Hearing and Deafness. University of Essex, 21-22 September 1999. Abstracts. 英国听力学学会听力与耳聋实验研究简短论文会议。埃塞克斯大学，1999年9月21-22日。摘要。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-04-01

引用次数: 0

A five-year longitudinal study of hearing in a Danish rural population aged 31-50 years. 对丹麦31-50岁农村人口的听力进行了为期5年的纵向研究。

British journal of audiology Pub Date : 2000-02-01 DOI: 10.3109/03005364000000117

B Karlsmose, T Lauritzen, M Engberg, A Parving

{"title":"A five-year longitudinal study of hearing in a Danish rural population aged 31-50 years.","authors":"B Karlsmose, T Lauritzen, M Engberg, A Parving","doi":"10.3109/03005364000000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000117","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to report changes in hearing sensitivity over five years in a rural population aged 31-50 years and to identify risk factors associated with hearing deterioration. The study is prospective and based on data from pure tone audiometry and questionnaires in the Ebeltoft Health Promotion Project in Denmark. A representative sample of 705 subjects had a complete follow-up, including audiometry. The median hearing deterioration was 2.5 dB at 3-4 kHz and 0 dB at 0.5-2 kHz. There was a high degree of individual variability in deterioration. The overall deterioration of hearing sensitivity of the population was largely predicted from the cross-sectional findings reported previously. In the analysis of risk factors, hearing deterioration was defined as an average deterioration 10 dB/5 years at 3-4 kHz in at least one ear. Deterioration was present in 23.5% of the sample. The 41-50-year-olds had a relative risk of deterioration of 1.32 (95% CI 1.01-1.73) compared with the 31-40-year-olds. Males had a relative risk of 1.35 (1.03-1.76) compared with females. The risk was not significantly elevated for a range of other possible risk factors confirmed by logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, deterioration in hearing sensitivity on population level can be predicted on the basis of cross-sectional findings. Hearing sensitivity deteriorated mainly at 3-4 kHz. The deterioration increased with age and was higher in males than in females. Other risk factors were not found. The present study does not support the hypothesis that hypertension or tobacco smoking is associated with deterioration in hearing.","PeriodicalId":75616,"journal":{"name":"British journal of audiology","volume":"34 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3109/03005364000000117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21608935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73