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Feedback intensity and leader-follower behavior: A mathematical description 反馈强度与领导-跟随者行为:数学描述
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1996-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830410102
Ronald B. Heady, Mark Smith
{"title":"Feedback intensity and leader-follower behavior: A mathematical description","authors":"Ronald B. Heady,&nbsp;Mark Smith","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830410102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bs.3830410102","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A mathematical model of feedback-controlled behavior is developed using minimal assumptions about the nature of the leader-follower system. The essential element is that the system is linked through consistent feedback based on the follower's behavior. The model shows that the follower can exhibit convergent, periodic or chaotic patterns of behavior. If the leader's feedback is based on an incentive function that varies strongly with output, or if the follower strongly discounts the leader's feedback, then the follower's behavior may not be predictable. Thus, seemingly random behavior can result from entirely consistent, deterministic conditions. This conclusion applies equally well to cases where the leader and the follower are singular or aggregate entities such as biological or social systems. The behavioral pattern that is exhibited depends on the value of a single constant, which is the product of the follower's reactivity to incentives and the leader's incentive change rate. The fact that a single constant can be used to differentiate between fundamentally different forms of behavior is important to the study of leadership.</p>","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"41 1","pages":"13-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830410102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50670838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
About the authors 作者简介
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1996-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830410104
{"title":"About the authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830410104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830410104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"41 1","pages":"83-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830410104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137907151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computer modeling of adaptive depression. 适应性抑郁的计算机模拟。
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400404
C Webster
{"title":"Computer modeling of adaptive depression.","authors":"C Webster","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830400404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mild, delimited, and adaptive depression may be a specific example of a more general class of mechanism by which intelligent systems--individual, social, and artificial--adapt to dynamic, uncertain, and dangerous environments. Computer modeling, based on connectionist and artificial intelligence planning and learning programming techniques, supports this hypothesis by generating both adaptive behavior and analogs for 10 phenomena associated with depression: global, stable, and internal failure explantation, a cognitive loop of failure rumination, decreased motivation, self-esteem, and self-efficacy, and increased realism, negative generalization, and cognitive change. The idea of adaptive depression can be applied to more than one level of living systems. A better understanding of normal and adaptive depression may lead to a better understanding of clinical depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 4","pages":"314-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18496763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
A system of IAC neural networks as the basis for self-organization in a sociological dynamical system simulation. 在社会学动态系统模拟中，IAC神经网络系统作为自组织的基础。
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400402
D V Duong, K D Reilly
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引用次数: 0
A glimpse of an IPA as a living system. IPA是一个活生生的系统。
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400403
P M Johnstone
{"title":"A glimpse of an IPA as a living system.","authors":"P M Johnstone","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830400403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Independent practice association (IPA) model health maintenance organizations (HMO's) represent one of the fastest growing segments of managed care in the United States. IPA's have unique organizational characteristics which thwart efforts to function as a unified whole, particularly where quality of care programs are concerned. Living systems theory was employed as a method to identify subsystems and critical processes within an IPA model HMO in rural California. The application of living systems theory in this way provided insights into the quality of care program within the IPA, which could eventually lead to a redesign of critical processes within the entire system.</p>","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 4","pages":"304-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18495627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Information processing subsystems channel and net the matter-energy routes for informatrion 信息处理子系统对信息的物质-能量路径进行通道和网络处理
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400305
{"title":"Information processing subsystems channel and net the matter-energy routes for informatrion","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400305","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bs.3830400305","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 3","pages":"238-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18551910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Individual competence and group behavior within a living system 生命系统中的个体能力和群体行为
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400104
Jan Österlund
{"title":"Individual competence and group behavior within a living system","authors":"Jan Österlund","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bs.3830400104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper contains a report from a study of how individual humans exploit their competence in group work during a workshop. The intention of the study was to know how well groups of workshop participants would apply to the theories of living systems and of organization science about gatekeepers and the organizational structure mentioned by H. Minzberg (Minzberg 1983). The workshop population characteristics and its program procedure are described. A method for the study is created. The method builds on a graphical model of living systems theory. An attempt to test the method is carried out by studying the behavior of workshop groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 1","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50670794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Paul Martin and Patrick Bateson: Measuring behavior: An introductory guide. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1993, Second Edition, 222 pages, ISBN 0521 446147 (paperback) 保罗·马丁和帕特里克·贝特森:《衡量行为:入门指南》。剑桥大学出版社，剑桥，英国，1993年，第二版，222页，ISBN 0521 446147(平装本)
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400109
David A. Sleet
{"title":"Paul Martin and Patrick Bateson: Measuring behavior: An introductory guide. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1993, Second Edition, 222 pages, ISBN 0521 446147 (paperback)","authors":"David A. Sleet","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bs.3830400109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 1","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50670526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Patricia W. Ingraham, Barbara S. Romzek & Associates, New paradigms for government—Issues for changing public service. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 1994. 352 pages, ISBN 1-55542-656-5 Patricia W. Ingraham, Barbara S. Romzek & Associates，改变公共服务的政府问题新范例。乔西-巴斯出版社，旧金山，加州，1994年。352页，ISBN 1-55542-656-5
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400208
Philip R. Harris Ph.D.
{"title":"Patricia W. Ingraham, Barbara S. Romzek & Associates, New paradigms for government—Issues for changing public service. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 1994. 352 pages, ISBN 1-55542-656-5","authors":"Philip R. Harris Ph.D.","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400208","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bs.3830400208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 2","pages":"162-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50670640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
About the author 作者简介
Behavioral science Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/bs.3830400306
{"title":"About the author","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bs.3830400306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830400306","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":75578,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral science","volume":"40 3","pages":"270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/bs.3830400306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137556760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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