African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry最新文献_第3页

Phytochemical Profiling of the Hexane fraction of Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore leaves by GC-MS 气相色谱-质谱法分析白草叶己烷组分的植物化学特征

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/ajpac2019.0815

O. O. Ayodele, F. Onajobi, O. Osoniyi

{"title":"Phytochemical Profiling of the Hexane fraction of Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth S. Moore leaves \u0000by GC-MS","authors":"O. O. Ayodele, F. Onajobi, O. Osoniyi","doi":"10.5897/ajpac2019.0815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpac2019.0815","url":null,"abstract":"Crassocephalum crepidioides is an edible plant which is also used in the ethnomedical treatment of stomach ulcer, indigestion, wounds, boils and burns in Africa and some other parts of the world. This study aims at identifying and characterizing the bioactive compounds present in C. crepidioides hexane fraction which may be responsible for the ethnomedicinal uses and reported activities of the plant. The crude extract from the powdered leaves of C. crepidioides was obtained with 70% methanol, followed by solvent partitioning with hexane to give the hexane fraction which was subjected to phytochemical profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Spectrum interpretation was obtained from the library search of the database of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), while biological activities of compounds identified were predicted based on Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. The results revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds with various biological activities including Hexadecanoic methyl ester and α-Linolenic acid with reported hypocholesterolemic properties; Benzofuranone and Benzofuran with anticancer and antiviral activities; phenolic compounds and flavonoids with reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifungal activities among others. The study showed that C. crepidioides contains compounds with important biological activities which provide scientific support for some medicinal uses of the plant. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phytochemicals, Crassocephalum crepidioides, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ethnomedicinal.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"103 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78775298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Adsorption of chromium by brewers spent grain -g- poly (acrylic acid-co-acryl amide) from electroplating effluent 酒糟-g-聚丙烯酸-共丙烯酰胺对电镀废水中铬的吸附研究

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2017.0734

A. Samuel, I. Nwankwo, F. Ezebor, A. Ojuolape

{"title":"Adsorption of chromium by brewers spent grain -g- poly (acrylic acid-co-acryl amide) from \u0000electroplating effluent","authors":"A. Samuel, I. Nwankwo, F. Ezebor, A. Ojuolape","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2017.0734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2017.0734","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic metal ions have lethal effects on all forms of life and these metal ions could enter the food chain when untreated waste effluents are discharged into the environment. In recent years, the use of low-cost adsorbent materials has been widely investigated in search of replacement for the costly methods that are currently used for removing these toxic metal ions from waste streams. In this study, the remediation of chromium ions from electroplating effluent was studied under static conditions using a copolymer material that was derived by grafting polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide onto the cellulosic backbone of brewers spent grain (BSG). Batch experiments were carried-out using effluents with different concentrations of chromium ions, specifically 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/L. The results revealed that the optimum sorption of chromium occurs at pH 3.0 and absorbent-adsorbate contact time of 1.5 h gave maximum adsorption regardless of the metal ion concentration in the effluent. The kinetic data fit the pseudo-second order reaction model, suggesting that chemosorption was the rate limiting step for the sorption of chromium ions onto BSG-g-poly (acrylic acid –co- acryl amide). The isotherm studies showed that the Langmuir model gave the best fit to the experimental data, with qmax value of 15.58 mg/g after 5 h of effluent contact with the absorbent material. The results obtained in this study have shown that BSG-g- poly (acrylic acid –co- acryl amide) has a lot of potentials for application as an alternative adsorbent material for the remediation of chromium ions from electroplating waste streams. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adsorption, chromium, electroplating, effluent, brewers spent grain, studies.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79288533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of chlorogenic acid content in beans and leaves of coffea arabica using UV/Vis spectrometer 紫外/可见分光光度法测定阿拉比卡咖啡豆和叶片中绿原酸含量

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-08-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2018.0780

Adane Tadesse Dado, Yoseph Alresawum Asresahegn, Kusse Gudishe Goroya

引用次数: 7

Chemical modification of cellulose from palm kernel de-oiled cake to microcrystalline cellulose and its evaluation as a pharmaceutical excipient 棕榈仁去油饼纤维素化学改性制备微晶纤维素及其作为药用辅料的评价

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-07-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2019.0787

Ezea Vincent Ndika, Umerie, Sunday Chidozie, Ubaoji Kingsley Ikechukwu

{"title":"Chemical modification of cellulose from palm kernel de-oiled cake to microcrystalline cellulose and its evaluation as a pharmaceutical excipient","authors":"Ezea Vincent Ndika, Umerie, Sunday Chidozie, Ubaoji Kingsley Ikechukwu","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2019.0787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2019.0787","url":null,"abstract":"Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an important ingredient in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other industries. In this research work, microcrystalline cellulose was synthesized from the alpha cellulose content of pretreated palm kernel de-oiled cake. The microcrystalline cellulose from palm kernel cake was obtained through acidified sodium chlorite, sodium hydroxide delignification followed by hydrogen peroxides bleaching and finally acid hydrolysis. The prepared microcrystalline cellulose was characterized by determining some physicochemical properties such as pH, bulk density, tap density, moisture content, ash content, Carrs compressibility index, Hausners ratio, powder porosity, angle of repose and compared with commercial-grade microcrystalline cellulose that is used in pharmaceutical industry as excipient. FT-IR was employed to expose the functional groups and the wavelength inherent by both the produced and commercial microcrystalline cellulose. The swelling property of MCC product was determined based on hydration capacity, swelling capacity and moisture sorption capacity. The results of the physicochemical parameters were given as pH(7.75 ± 0.40%), bulk density (0.49 ± 0.67g cm-3), tapped density (0.54 ± 0.03 g cm-3), moisture content (1.00 ± 0.5%), ash content (4.30 ± 0.35 %), Carrs compressibility index (12.96 ± 0.27), Hausners ratio (1.15 ± 0.01), powder porosity (18.8 ± 0.55), angle of repose (27.4 ± 0.26) respectively. The swelling properties were also determined and compared favorably with the commercial grade of microcrystalline cellulose (p>0.05). The findings suggest that palm kernel cake can not only be used as feeds for animals but also a better source of cellulose for the production of microcrystalline cellulose for the industry owing to its availability and cost managements. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Microcrystalline cellulose, palm kernel de-oiled cake, commercial grade, carr’s compressibility index, pharmaceutical excipient.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83737172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Green sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bridelia micrantha extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity 绿色声化学合成纳米银的微花百合提取物及其抗菌活性评价

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2018.0776

Kithokoi Kilonzo Jackson, Lawrence Ochoo, J. Maingi, S. Swaleh, W. Njue

{"title":"Green sonochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bridelia micrantha extract and evaluation of their antibacterial activity","authors":"Kithokoi Kilonzo Jackson, Lawrence Ochoo, J. Maingi, S. Swaleh, W. Njue","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2018.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2018.0776","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of drug resistance and multiple drug resistance has necessitated the discovery of novel strategies for development of new generation of antimicrobial agents from natural substances for control of microbial infections. Metal nanoparticles have proven to have antimicrobial properties, but the chemical methods used in their production use hazardous chemicals and nanoparticles produced are unstable. In this study, an alternative feasible environmentally friendly method was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Bridelia micrantha, a Kenyan medicinal plant as a reducing, stabilizing and capping agent. The reaction was done over ultrasonic bath. Formation of the nanoparticles was monitored by visual observation and also by use of UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The synthesized silver nanoparticles had an absorption peak at λmax 431 nm due to plasmon resonance. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed the synthesized nanoparticles were pure silver. High resolution transmition electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis showed the nanoparticles had non uniform surface and were spherical with an average size of 16.07±3.192 nm. Scanning area electron diffraction (SAED) showed distinct shiny spots, confirming the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated the presence of biomolecules capping the nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles inhibited growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The data from this study will significantly contribute in designing novel methods geared towards development of drugs to combat pathogens by use of silver nanoparticles synthesized in an environmentally and ecofriendly way. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibacterial activity, Bridelia micrantha, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), scanning area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution transmition electron microscope (HRTEM), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75873418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Toxicity studies of African Palmyrah palm (Borassus Aethiopum) shoots 非洲棕榈(Borassus Aethiopum)芽毒性研究

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2018.0761

M. Sirajo, Kabiru Jega Umar, S. Hassan

{"title":"Toxicity studies of African Palmyrah palm (Borassus Aethiopum) shoots","authors":"M. Sirajo, Kabiru Jega Umar, S. Hassan","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2018.0761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2018.0761","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effect of feeding albino rats with 25, 50, and 75% Palmyrah Palm (Borassus aethiopum) shoots with respect to their body weight, liver and kidney function indices. Standard methods of biochemical analyses were employed using albino rats as the experimental animals. No mortality was observed in the LD50 test throughout the period of 48 h. Rats fed with 25 and 50% B. aethiopum shoots showed a gradual increase in the body weight throughout the period of treatment, but those fed with 75% of the shoots experienced a significant (p>0.05) decrease in body weight at the 3rd and 4th week of treatment compared to the control group. The results also showed changes in the serum total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and bilirubin but were not significantly different (p>0.05) compared to the control group. The serum enzymes activities that is aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly (p>0.05) elevated compared to the control group which suggested toxicity induced by some of the phytocompounds present in the feed. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, and electrolytes (Na+, K+) of rats fed with 75% B. aethiopum shoots showed significant (p>0.05) changes compared to the control group. The results showed that B. aethiopum shoots have a relatively low or no toxicity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Borassus aethiopum, shoots, albino rats, liver function, kidney function.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83640792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Production and characterization of derived composite biosorbents from animal bone 动物骨骼衍生复合生物吸附剂的制备与表征

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-02-28 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2018.0765

Olaosebikan Abidoye Olafadehan, K. Abhulimen, A. Adeleke, C. Njoku, K. Amoo

{"title":"Production and characterization of derived composite biosorbents from animal bone","authors":"Olaosebikan Abidoye Olafadehan, K. Abhulimen, A. Adeleke, C. Njoku, K. Amoo","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2018.0765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2018.0765","url":null,"abstract":"Composite biosorbents were produced from animal bone by carbonization, activation of animal bone char with phosphoric acid and zinc (II) chloride independently, and the obtained activated carbons were separately impregnated on chitosan. The chitosan was produced from chitin, which was extracted from shrimp shell through deminerization, deproteinization and deacetylation processes. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on the chitin, chitosan, and the resulting five biosorbents via proximate and ultimate analyses, and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Electron-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The absorption bands of the standard chitosan from Sigma-Aldrich and the experimentally prepared chitosan were in excellent agreement. The results of this study showed that activated carbons impregnated on chitosan have the potential to be applied as alternative efficient low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbents for batch and continuous adsorption column experimentation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Biosorbents, chemical activation, chitin, chitosan, impregnation, characterization.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78859989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Effects of chemical modification on functional and physical properties of African star apple kernel (Chrysophyllum albidnum) starch 化学改性对非洲星苹果仁淀粉功能和物理性质的影响

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2018.0764

Ibikunle Adeola Ahmed, Sanyaolu Nurudeen Olanrewaju, Yussuf Sodiq Tolulope, Ogunneye Adeyemi Lawrence, Badejo Olayemi Aderanti, Olaniyi Oluwafunmilayo Mary

{"title":"Effects of chemical modification on functional and physical properties of African star apple kernel (Chrysophyllum albidnum) starch","authors":"Ibikunle Adeola Ahmed, Sanyaolu Nurudeen Olanrewaju, Yussuf Sodiq Tolulope, Ogunneye Adeyemi Lawrence, Badejo Olayemi Aderanti, Olaniyi Oluwafunmilayo Mary","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2018.0764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2018.0764","url":null,"abstract":"Starch isolated from Chrysophyllum albidnum (African star apple) was subjected to modification by acetylation, carboxymethylation and succinylation process. Chemical modifications effect on functional properties as well as physiochemical parameters of starch was analysed. The percentage yield of native starch was 73.22±0.93%; however the value increased after modifications. The proximate determination of the non-starch components of the native starch on a dry weight basis was 19.32±2.40 moisture, 0.0045±0.00020 ash, 0.085±0.030 fat and 0.25±0.12% crude protein, respectively. Chemical modification reduced the values for all the non-starch components. The swelling power and solubility increased as the temperature increased between the ranges of 50–90°C. Native and modified starches absorbed more oil than water and it is pH dependent. Pasting characteristics decreased after acetylation but increased after carboxymethylation and succinylation. The results of bulk densities showed that native and modified starches are very light (<0.8 g/ml). All these characteristics showed that C. albidnum starch can be utilized in both food and non-food applications. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Functional and physical properties, African star apple kernel, chemical modifications, native, starch.","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74348810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

New method for complete recovery of total cyanide in water and soil and its application at the Samira gold mine (Niger) 完全回收水和土壤中总氰化物的新方法及其在尼日尔Samira金矿的应用

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-11-30 DOI: 10.5897/AJPAC2018.0770

A. Hassane, Ayouba Mahamane Abdoulkadri, R. Adamou

{"title":"New method for complete recovery of total cyanide in water and soil and its application at the Samira gold mine (Niger)","authors":"A. Hassane, Ayouba Mahamane Abdoulkadri, R. Adamou","doi":"10.5897/AJPAC2018.0770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2018.0770","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanide is a very toxic substance, which occurs in various forms in environmental matrices and its determination requires a good extraction method. From the reference method of cyanide distillation by reflux heating under acidic conditions and entrainment of HCN gas collected as CN- ions with detection by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, an improved and complete procedure for total cyanide extraction in aqueous and solid matrices has been developed. The best conditions after optimization of complete recovery (≃ 100%) of total cyanide and elimination of interferences in natural waters and soils fortified are: heating at 181.75°C, saving of reflux time to 30 min, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.6 M, 2 to 4 times less acid, without catalyst and other special treatments of interferences relatively to existing techniques. Application to water samples (drinking, surface, underground) and effluents collected at the Samira gold mine (Niger) and its environs shows the impact of distillation extraction on total cyanide recovery. Waters, exempt of cyanide at the starting of mining activity, currently contain total cyanide contents of 1 to 5 μg L-1 and in effluents up to 37 times the discharge standard (1 mg L-1). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cyanide decomposition, distillation extraction, environmental matrices, Samira gold mine (Niger).","PeriodicalId":7556,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81738033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preliminary characterization of some natural dyes 几种天然染料的初步表征

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-09-30 DOI: 10.5897/ajpac2018.0767

Amarachukwu Ezeokonkwo Mercy, N. O. Sunday, Evelyn

引用次数: 0