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American journal of physical medicine最新文献

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Scheuermann's disease. Clinical and radiological survey of 17 and 18 year olds. 本篇报告的疾病。17、18岁儿童的临床和放射学调查。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1984-02-01
J W Fisk, M L Baigent, P D Hill
{"title":"Scheuermann's disease. Clinical and radiological survey of 17 and 18 year olds.","authors":"J W Fisk,&nbsp;M L Baigent,&nbsp;P D Hill","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a study of the incidence and possible predisposing stress factors of Scheuermann's disease (S.D.). 500, 17 and 18 year old, students from the local larger schools, from one country town school and from the local Teachers' Training College, took part. Each student filled in a questionnaire, underwent a simple spinal examination including a clinical assessment of the available passive hamstring stretch, and had a lateral X-ray of the dorsal and upper lumbar spine. 56.3% of the males and 30.3% of the females had X-ray evidence of previous S.D., in varying degrees of severity. Dynamic stress, such as playing sports involving a lot of potential compression stress, weight lifting, and heavy lifting work in spare time and holidays, seem to play little if any part in the pathogenesis of S.D. Tall males and males who had spent more than 2 weeks in bed, due to sickness or injury, were more prone to S.D. Hamstring tightness showed a significant relationship to X-ray evidence for males. In the absence of possible dynamic stress factors it is suggested that prolonged sitting may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of end plate breakdown and thus S.D.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"63 1","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17294923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving the cough in patients with spinal cord injury. 改善脊髓损伤患者的咳嗽。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1984-02-01
S R Braun, R Giovannoni, M O'Connor
{"title":"Improving the cough in patients with spinal cord injury.","authors":"S R Braun,&nbsp;R Giovannoni,&nbsp;M O'Connor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eleven patients with complete cervical and two patients with complete thoracic spinal cord injury were evaluated during both a forced vital capacity and cough. The mean peak flow was 3.74 +/- .171 L/sec during the forced vital capacity and 3.73 +/- 1.5 L/sec during the cough. Both values are low. Using the abdominal push assist during cough there is 13.8% improvement in peak flow which was significant. (p less than 0.01). This was not true with the forced vital capacity even though 9/10 subjects did improve. While peak flow is only one aspect of effective cough the improvement plus the increased intrathoracic pressure suggests this maneuver may be an effective modality in individuals with spinal cord injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"63 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17757364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advantages of a simple contact switch for human locomotion. 简单触点开关的优点，便于人体运动。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1984-02-01
F R Patterson, L K Gorman, M C Wetzel
{"title":"Advantages of a simple contact switch for human locomotion.","authors":"F R Patterson,&nbsp;L K Gorman,&nbsp;M C Wetzel","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A simple, inexpensive foot switch was fabricated to record the duration of surface contact for part or all of the foot during human locomotion. The device incorporated electrically conductive metallic foil in a thin foam insole. Advantages over a more conventional thick-soled sandal were documented for the same subjects by examining kinematic values (read from movie film) and electrical signal data (produced by the switch). A person's characteristic manner of placing and lifting the foot while wearing conventional shoes could in some instances distort readings of stance duration by many tens of msec, but the new switch assembly eliminated ambiguities of measurement and interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"63 1","pages":"11-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17757365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural treatment approach for families in crisis. A challenge to rehabilitation. 危机家庭的结构性治疗方法。对康复的挑战。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-12-01
S D Wiley
{"title":"Structural treatment approach for families in crisis. A challenge to rehabilitation.","authors":"S D Wiley","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disability is viewed as a crisis occurring within the context of the family. Its impact on family structure can be understood through the study of transactional patterns and communication of the family system. Crisis is defined as a challenge to the system for which the usual transactional patterns are ineffective. The crisis of disability provides the family system with an opportunity to modify its structure, developing new and more effective patterns of interaction. The opportunity for family development may be realized through a structural family treatment approach. The origins of this conceptualization are reviewed. Clinical material is used to exemplify aspects of family assessment and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 6","pages":"271-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17705641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Linear and non-linear surface EMG/force relationships in human muscles. An anatomical/functional argument for the existence of both. 人体肌肉的线性和非线性表面肌电图/力关系。对两者存在的解剖学/功能性论证。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-12-01
J J Woods, B Bigland-Ritchie
{"title":"Linear and non-linear surface EMG/force relationships in human muscles. An anatomical/functional argument for the existence of both.","authors":"J J Woods,&nbsp;B Bigland-Ritchie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The EMG/force relations of various human muscles were examined over the full isometric force range using uniform experimental methods. The muscles chosen reflected varying fiber composition, fiber distribution and force generating patterns (recruitment/frequency coding). Our results generally suggest linear relations for muscles of near uniform fiber composition. Non-linear relations were obtained from muscles of mixed fiber composition. The non-linearity persisted despite variations in recording configuration, electrode placement and limb position. These were suggested by others to account for the lack of linearity in the basic EMG/force relation. The roles of uneven fiber distribution, motor unit potential amplitudes and possible supratetanic motor unit driving are discussed within the context of muscle force generating mechanisms as possible explanations for non-linear EMG/force relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 6","pages":"287-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17705487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smoking, spasticity and pressure sores in spinal cord injured patients. 脊髓损伤患者的吸烟、痉挛和压疮。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-12-01
S Lamid, A Z El Ghatit
{"title":"Smoking, spasticity and pressure sores in spinal cord injured patients.","authors":"S Lamid,&nbsp;A Z El Ghatit","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most important factors for the formation of pressure sores are sufficient pressure for an adequate period of time. Many investigators have shown that psycho-social factors are also associated with pressure sores. We investigated other factors that may relate to higher incidence and more extensive pressure sores. Seventeen paraplegics and 21 quadriplegics were clinically examined regarding the degree of spasticity and the size of their pressure sores were measured. They were interviewed for cigarette smoking habit, the presence of help in skin care and their employment or educational activities. Body weight was obtained and the types of wheelchair cushion used were inspected. The result shows that patients with more pack-years of smoking habit had higher incidence and more extensive pressure sores. Other variables such as level of spinal cord injury, completeness of neurological lesion, the availability of help in skin care, the presence of employment or educational activities, spasticity, and body weight were not associated with pressure sores. The types of wheelchair cushion used by our patients did not correlate to the incidence of pressure sores. In addition, cigarette smoking did not decrease spasticity in our patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 6","pages":"300-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17705488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and characteristics of chronic phantom limb pain among American veterans. Results of a trial survey. 美国退伍军人慢性幻肢痛的患病率和特点。试验调查的结果。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-10-01
R A Sherman, C J Sherman
{"title":"Prevalence and characteristics of chronic phantom limb pain among American veterans. Results of a trial survey.","authors":"R A Sherman,&nbsp;C J Sherman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twelve hundred American amputees who are military veterans were surveyed by questionnaire about their amputations, pain sensitivity, demography, treatment history, stump problems, phantom sensations, and phantom pain. Over sixty percent responded and of these 85 percent reported significant amounts of phantom pain. This is in sharp contrast to both the literature and our clinical experience which indicate that although most amputees seen in a clinical setting report some occasional minor discomfort due to their phantoms, only between one half percent and five percent experience severe phantom pain. There was no relationship between reasons for amputation, use of prosthesis, pain sensitivity, age, years since amputation, or other demographic variables and presence of severity of phantom pain. Those respondents describing phantom pain usually had either momentary episodes of intense, debilitating pain, or virtually continuous discomfort varying in intensity but reaching debilitating levels occasionally. The fairly continuous pains were all similar in description to magnified versions of comfortable phantom sensations reported by other respondents. Few of the reported treatments were of any value.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 5","pages":"227-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17680836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skin pressure measurements on various mattress surfaces in cancer patients. 癌症患者不同床垫表面的皮肤压力测量。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-10-01
R A Berjian, H O Douglass, E D Holyoke, P M Goodwin, R L Priore
{"title":"Skin pressure measurements on various mattress surfaces in cancer patients.","authors":"R A Berjian,&nbsp;H O Douglass,&nbsp;E D Holyoke,&nbsp;P M Goodwin,&nbsp;R L Priore","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven carcinoma were studied on two dynamic and six static mattress surfaces to determine which mattress surface would provide the least skin surface pressure at the sacrum, dorsal spine, trochanter and heels. Measurements were taken with an especially designed inflatable bladder, and the mean of the maximum skin surface pressures was determined for the static and dynamic surfaces in the inflated and deflated state. Using less than or equal to 32 mm Hg as the skin surface pressure at which the arteriolarcapillary blood flow is interrupted, we concluded that the mud gel bed generally tended to record the lowest skin surface pressure for all of the sites. Although some of the static surfaces recorded pressures less than or equal to 32 mm Hg at the sacrum and dorsal spine, the deflated dynamic surfaces were superior to the remaining static surfaces in reducing the skin surface pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 5","pages":"217-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17680835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Muscle fiber type characteristics of M. deltoideus in wheelchair athletes. Comparison with other trained athletes. 轮椅运动员三角肌肌纤维类型特征。与其他训练有素的运动员比较。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-10-01
P A Tesch, J Karlsson
{"title":"Muscle fiber type characteristics of M. deltoideus in wheelchair athletes. Comparison with other trained athletes.","authors":"P A Tesch,&nbsp;J Karlsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle biopsies were obtained from the midportion of m. deltoideus of seven male wheelchair basketball athletes. High caliber kayak paddlers (n = 8) and wrestlers (n = 8) as well as mountain ranger soldiers (n = 8) served as controls. Histochemical methods were applied to identify fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) fibers and furthermore assess muscle fiber type distribution and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. The relative percentage of FT fibers averaged (+/-SD) 47 +/- 12% and 52 +/- 9% in wheelchair athletes and soldiers. The value obtained in kayakers was significantly lower (30 +/- 11). Both FT area (p less than 0.01) and mean fiber area (p less than 0.05) were significantly larger in wheelchair athletes as compared with soldiers and kayakers. It is suggested that the involvement in specific physical training was the main cause for hypertrophy of individual muscle fibers observed in m. deltoideus of wheelchair athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 5","pages":"239-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17289868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Staff and patient perceptions of the psychosocial concerns of spinal cord injured persons. 工作人员和患者对脊髓损伤患者的社会心理问题的看法。
American journal of physical medicine Pub Date : 1983-08-01
E Bodenhamer, J Achterberg-Lawlis, G Kevorkian, A Belanus, J Cofer
{"title":"Staff and patient perceptions of the psychosocial concerns of spinal cord injured persons.","authors":"E Bodenhamer,&nbsp;J Achterberg-Lawlis,&nbsp;G Kevorkian,&nbsp;A Belanus,&nbsp;J Cofer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing evidence that traditional theoretical models of adjustment to disability have provided very limited predictive utility for professionals in understanding individual responses to spinal cord injury. Rehabilitation personnel may not accurately perceive the nature and degree of their spinal cord injured (SCI) patients' emotional states or psychological concerns. This study was an attempt to further delineate perceptual discrepancies or similarities between attending staff and SCI patients. A group of SCI patients and staff were asked to complete a Psychosocial Questionnaire for Spinal Cord Injured Persons. This instrument assesses four dimensions of psychosocial adjustment to spinal cord injury: Anxiety, Depression, Social Discomfort, and Positive Outlook. The latter appears not to have been systematically studied in this context, and was included to eliminate the total negativity of the questionnaire. Staff were asked to complete the inventory as they thought most of their SCI patients would respond. Results confirmed previous findings that patients and staff vary significantly in their perceptions of SCI patients' psychosocial conditions. This study found that patients reported being less depressed, but more anxious and optimistic, than their caregivers predicted. Several factors were identified which may have affected staff's misperceptions, including most significantly length of time in SCI service.</p>","PeriodicalId":75477,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical medicine","volume":"62 4","pages":"182-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17932069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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