Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum最新文献_第6页

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)--infectious, contagious, zoonotic or production disease? 牛海绵状脑病(BSE)-传染性，传染性，人畜共患或生产疾病?

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Marcus G Doherr

{"title":"Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)--infectious, contagious, zoonotic or production disease?","authors":"Marcus G Doherr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In 1986, a new progressive neurological condition similar to scrapie of sheep and goats was recognised in cattle in the United Kingdom (UK), and was named bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). There is an ongoing discussion whether BSE should be classified as infectious, contagious, or zoonotic, and if it fits the definition of a production disease. The objective of this work is to briefly describe the main characteristics of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), to review the epidemiology of BSE, and to address the question of how to classify BSE. TSEs are characterised as chronic wasting diseases with spongiform vacuolation and the accumulation of infectious prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the central nervous system. TSE infectivity is very difficult to inactivate. Cattle BSE most likely originated from sheep scrapie, although this will remain to be an issue for debate. The disease can be transmitted from cattle to a range of species, and has resulted in smaller TSE epidemics in domestic cats, zoo cats and zoo ruminants, and in humans. Transmission in the field occurred through feed containing ruminant-derived protein, and measures to prevent the recycling of infectivity have proven effective to reduce the number of new infections. Mandatory reporting of clinical suspects combined with targeted screening of risk populations is needed to assess the BSE status of a country. Infection studies and the transmissibility to other species classify BSE as infectious and zoonotic. Absence of excretion of the agent, and therefore of horizontal transmission, categorise BSE as non-contagious. However, BSE is a multifactorial infectious disease that is dependent on management factors (mainly feeding), and therefore fits into the broader definition of production diseases.","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"98 ","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24620479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research School for Animal Production and Health (RAPH)--a description of a Danish research education initiative. 动物生产和卫生研究学院————丹麦研究教育倡议的描述。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Pia Haubro Andersen

引用次数: 0

Role of acid-base physiology on the pathogenesis of parturient hypocalcaemia (milk fever)--the DCAD theory in principal and practice. 酸碱生理学在产妇低钙血症(乳热)发病机制中的作用——DCAD理论的原理与实践。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

J P Goff, R L Horst

{"title":"Role of acid-base physiology on the pathogenesis of parturient hypocalcaemia (milk fever)--the DCAD theory in principal and practice.","authors":"J P Goff, R L Horst","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The hypocalcemia associated with the clinical disease known as milk fever is due to a failure of the calcium homeostatic mechanisms in the cow to restore normal blood calcium concentration in a timely manner at the onset of lactation. The defect in calcium homeostasis appears to reside in the sensitivity of bone and kidney tissues to parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulation. Evidence suggests the acid-base status of the cow dictates the sensitivity of the tissues to PTH stimulation, and that metabolic alkalosis is responsible for blunting tissue PTH responsiveness. Hypomagnesemia can also reduce tissue PTH responsiveness but hypomagnesemia can be corrected in most rations. Excessive dietary potassium is very common and is the most important factor causing metabolic alkalosis in dairy cows. Formulation of rations to reduce metabolic alkalosis and/or induce a compensated metabolic acidosis in the pre-partal cow has proved a useful strategy for prevention of milk fever. The concept of dietary cation-anion difference manipulation and the physiologic effects this can have in the cow are presented, with special emphasis on the Strong Ion Difference theory of acid-base physiology.","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"97 ","pages":"51-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24078088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy nutrition of the pasture-based transition cow--a review. 放牧型过渡牛能量营养研究进展

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

J R Roche

引用次数: 0

Proceedings of the Abildgaard Symposium: Hypocalcaemia, Acidosis and Calcium Homeostasis. August 16-17, 2001, Frederiksberg, Denmark. 阿比德加德研讨会论文集:低钙血症、酸中毒和钙稳态。2001年8月16日至17日，丹麦腓特烈堡。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

引用次数: 0

The incidence and control of hypocalcaemia in pasture-based systems. 牧场系统中低钙血症的发生率和控制。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

J R Roche

{"title":"The incidence and control of hypocalcaemia in pasture-based systems.","authors":"J R Roche","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A large emphasis on precalving magnesium supplementation has substantially reduced the incidence of clinical hypocalaemia in pasture-based systems. Survey data in the major pasture-based systems suggest a 2 to 4% incidence of parturient paresis, although this can vary considerably between farms. Detailed blood measurements under research conditions suggests that approximately 5% of cows are clinically hypocalcaemic (blood calcium < 1.4 mmol/l) and between 30 and 40% of cows are subclinically hypocalcaemic (plasma calcium < 2.0 mmol/l). Systems of control have traditionally been based on preventing the paretic cow, with more emphasis of late being placed on preventing hypocalcaemia. Preventative measures vary, but largely involve either supplementation with magnesium oxide pre-calving, supplementation with calcium carbonate during the colostrum period or a combination of magnesium supplementation precalving and calcium supplementation post-calving. In New Zealand, the use of commercial products that bind calcium is increasing precalving, but is still only practiced by a small percentage of farmers. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of pasture is so high and so variable that changes in DCAD sufficient to change blood pH are not practical and very difficult to achieve with consistency. The use of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate in preference to magnesium oxide, as precalving magnesium supplements, is increasing.","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"97 ","pages":"141-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24079854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medication of production animals--cure of malfunctioning animals or production systems? 生产动物用药——治疗故障动物或生产系统?

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Mariann Chrièl, Hans Henrik Dietz

{"title":"Medication of production animals--cure of malfunctioning animals or production systems?","authors":"Mariann Chrièl, Hans Henrik Dietz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Medication is used in all intensive animal productions. However, the increasing problems with resistant bacteria in all animal productions and in humans are supported by a number of reports. Special attention is given to the risk for transmitting food-borne (multi) resistant zoonotic agents to humans due to failure in antibiotic treatment resulting in lower cure rates or higher case fatality rates. The use of medication in humans per se is capable of selecting for resistance in human pathogens. Nevertheless, the amount of used medication/antimicrobials in treatment of Danish production animals goes far beyond the amount used for human consumption. The increase in consumption has not been followed by a similarly increased mortality, e.g. illustrated by the number of rendered animals, increased use of injection medicine for veterinary treatments of diseased animals, or increased number of remarks on the carcasses from the slaughterhouses. Medication in animal production is facing its limits and relevant economic alternatives have to be developed. The strategy for the future must concentrate on using medication only for clinically diseased animals and not as a strategic treatment of the whole herd in order to maximise growth and camouflage of suboptimal production systems and insufficient management.","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"98 ","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24620865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colostrum--more than just an immunoglobulin supplier. 初乳，不仅仅是免疫球蛋白的供应商。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-s123

J W Blum

引用次数: 4

Food borne zoonoses and Occam's razor. 食源性人畜共患病和奥卡姆剃刀。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

Ivar Vågsholm

引用次数: 0

Disease protection vs animal protection--synergisms and contradictions. 疾病保护与动物保护——协同与矛盾。

Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum Pub Date : 2003-01-01

S O Dimander

{"title":"Disease protection vs animal protection--synergisms and contradictions.","authors":"S O Dimander","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Health is an important part of animal welfare. This implies that measures for the protection against disease will also affect animal protection. In most instances, efforts to improve disease protection act synergistically with efforts to promote animal protection, and vice versa. In the context of farm animal transport, however, infectious disease protection and animal protection may not always be mutually beneficial. Examples of contradictions are: Logistic perturbations; Current farm animal production is increasingly sensitive to logistic perturbations. Control and prevention of epizootic diseases involve extraordinary transport precautions that rapidly result in overcrowded stables. Transhumance; The practise of transhumance is compromised when control measures are taken to prevent spread of epizootic diseases. Travel sickness; Travel sickness is a problem particularly in pigs. Starvation before transport prevents vomiting but result in hungry animals. Lack of experience; Animals that are kept under conditions estranged from situations associated with transport alike are more prone to transport induced stress. Flooring; A non-slip flooring is a prerequisite for firm footing but demand more careful cleaning and disinfection to prevent spread of infectious agents.","PeriodicalId":75426,"journal":{"name":"Acta veterinaria Scandinavica. Supplementum","volume":"100 ","pages":"15-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25814961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0