Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum最新文献_第2页

Disturbances of the blood-brain barrier in cerebrovascular disorders. 脑血管疾病中血脑屏障的紊乱。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_7

I Klatzo

{"title":"Disturbances of the blood-brain barrier in cerebrovascular disorders.","authors":"I Klatzo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_7","url":null,"abstract":"The disturbances of the BBB in cerebrovascular disorders may affect adversely an underlying basic pathological condition. Breakdown of the barrier associated with extravasation of serum proteins leads to development of vasogenic edema in the brain tissue. An abnormal passage of pharmacologically active substances, such as biogenic amines, may significantly affect cerebral blood flow and metabolism and activate neurons equipped with receptors for these substances. Also, a barrier dysfunction related to faulty out-transport of metabolites may contribute to edema and tissue damage. In cerebral ischemia, following release of arterial occlusion there can be two separate openings of the barrier: the first - occurring promptly after recirculation and related to ensuing reactive hyperemia, the second - after some delay and related to pathological changes in the brain tissue. In some circumstances, such as epileptic seizures, both \"hemodynamic\" and \"tissue\" factors may be operative at the same time. The selective features of BBB changes are related to multiplicity of barrier systems residing in cerebral endothelium. These selective features are demonstrable during development and during reversibility of postichemic barrier disturbances. Intermittent openings of the barrier observed in chronic hypertension may lead to accumulation of extravasated serum proteins and be responsible for frequently observed edematous changes in this condition.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"8 ","pages":"81-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17631472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Pathophysiological aspects of blood-brain barrier disturbances in experimental brain tumors and brain abscesses. 实验性脑肿瘤和脑脓肿血脑屏障障碍的病理生理方面。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_8

K A Hossmann, H W Bothe, W Bodsch, W Paschen

{"title":"Pathophysiological aspects of blood-brain barrier disturbances in experimental brain tumors and brain abscesses.","authors":"K A Hossmann, H W Bothe, W Bodsch, W Paschen","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_8","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental tumors and abscesses were produced by intrahemispheric inoculation of a blastomatous glial cell clone and of staphylococcus aureus, respectively. In both models severe vasogenic brain edema developed. The site of the barrier lesion was identified by systemic application of Evans blue or peroxidase, and the spread of edema by immunoautoradiographic localisation of extravasated serum proteins. In both experimental conditions, serum proteins accumulated diffusely in the white matter of the ipsilateral hemisphere, although the barrier lesion was strictly confined to the pathological focus. Water content of the edematous white matter in the vicinity of tumors and abscesses increased from 69.1 to 80.6 and 82.3 ml/100g w.w., respectively. This increase was associated with a volume-dependent decrease of flow, a parallel increase of sodium and an increase of extravasated serum proteins. The latter was determined by a newly developed immunochemical approach with appropriate corrections for the intravascular fraction of total serum protein content. The calculated concentration of sodium in edema fluid of tumors and abscesses amounted to 132 and 129 ueq/ml, respectively. The concentration of serum proteins was 8.7 and 6.4 mg/ml, respectively. Protein content of edema fluid, in consequence was less than 10% of blood serum. This suggests that fluid accumulation in vasogenic edema cannot be explained by the oncotic properties of extravasated proteins alone.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"8 ","pages":"89-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17631473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Therapeutic considerations in blood-brain barrier disturbances. 血脑屏障障碍的治疗考虑。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_11

A Baethmann, K Maier-Hauff, O Kempski, A Unterberg, M Wahl

引用次数: 6

Neurochemical and model membrane studies in demyelinating diseases. 脱髓鞘疾病的神经化学和模型膜研究。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_8

B Maggio, F A Cumar, G A Roth, C G Monferrán, G D Fidelio

引用次数: 28

Abnormalities of immunocyte function in multiple sclerosis. 多发性硬化症免疫细胞功能异常。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_2

B G Arnason

引用次数: 2

Neurogenic control of blood-brain barrier permeability. 血脑屏障通透性的神经源性控制。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_6

M E Raichle

{"title":"Neurogenic control of blood-brain barrier permeability.","authors":"M E Raichle","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_6","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence from several laboratories strongly suggests that brain capillaries play a dynamic role in the regulation of the internal environment of the brain and, further, that these activities are under neuroendocrine control. First, brain capillaries exhibit a number of anatomical and biochemical features unique to membranes known to regulate water and electrolyte permeability. These include tight junctions between endothelial cells, a high mitochondrial content and a unique compliment of intracellular enzymes. Second, brain capillaries appear to be functionally innervated by adrenergic neurons originating in brain. Finally, brain capillaries exhibit several functional characteristics of membranes that dynamically regulate water and electrolyte permeabilities. These include a restricted permeability to water, a prompt and reversible increase in water permeability to transient hyperosmolarity, a prompt and reversible decrease in permeability to increase perfusion pressure, a change in permeability associated with activation of the central as well as peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and an increase in permeability to centrally administered vasopressin as well as angiotensin II.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"8 ","pages":"75-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17631471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Analysis of humoral and cellular events and the role of lipid haptens during CNS demyelination. 中枢神经系统脱髓鞘过程中体液和细胞事件及脂质半抗原的作用分析。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_7

C F Brosnan, U Traugott, C S Raine

{"title":"Analysis of humoral and cellular events and the role of lipid haptens during CNS demyelination.","authors":"C F Brosnan, U Traugott, C S Raine","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_7","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, considerable interest has focused on the possibility that in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), antigen other than myelin basic protein (MBP) may be required for the initiation of demyelination and for the development of exacerbating-remitting disease. Previous results from these laboratories have implicated a role for antibodies against galactocerebroside (GC) in initiating demyelination of central nervous system (CNS) tissue in vitro (8) and in vivo (9). We have now used the rabbit eye model to dissect further the role of antibodies in causing CNS demyelination. The results show: that in animals directly sensitized against GC, no spontaneous CNS lesion develops but primary demyelination is observed if a mononuclear inflammatory reaction is superimposed; that in rabbits sensitized against MBP, antiserum against GC causes enhanced demyelination; and that in normal animals, anti-GC serum initiates primary demyelination only when an inflammatory reaction is induced by supernatants of activated lymphocytes. Injection of anti-GC serum alone has no pathologic effect. These results suggest that antibodies against lipid haptens are capable of causing primary demyelination in the CNS in vivo but that effector cells provided by an inflammatory response are required. Thus, the development of the fully demyelinating lesion probably depends on both cellular and humoral mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"9 ","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17635665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Enzyme cytochemistry of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances. 血脑屏障(BBB)紊乱的酶细胞化学。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_4

A W Vorbrodt, A S Lossinsky, H M Wisniewski

{"title":"Enzyme cytochemistry of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances.","authors":"A W Vorbrodt, A S Lossinsky, H M Wisniewski","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_4","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is one of the enzymes which is highly active in the plasmalemma of endothelial cells (ECs) of BBB-type microvessels. In the ECs of non-BBB type vessels, the reaction for AP (and other phosphatases) is negative (e.g. choroid plexus, area postrema, hypophysis). After BBB damage, the leakage of the vessels can be demonstrated by the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Concomitantly, changes in polar distribution of AP in the ECs occur, paralleled by the appearance of numerous pinocytic vesicles, deep invaginations of the plasmalemma and channel-like structures. The delimiting membranes of these structures possess AP, 5'-nucleotidase, nucleoside diphosphatase and Na+, K+-ATPase activities. These observations suggest that the redistribution of plasmalemma bound enzymes from luminal to abluminal surface results from membrane flow associated with formation of pinocytic vesicles and channel-like structures in affected ECs. In the area of brain where the process of resolution of brain edema occurs, the shift of the enzymatic activity from luminal to abluminal plasmalemma of the ECs is observed probably because of the need to remove various solutes present in the edematous fluid. The appearance of positive reaction for AP in the abluminal side of the EC can be a reflection of the changed functional polarity of these cells associated with reverse transport of solutes from brain, back into the blood stream.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"8 ","pages":"43-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17368592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Circulating myelinotoxic factors in human and experimental demyelinative disease. 人类和实验性脱髓鞘疾病的循环髓鞘毒性因子。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_6

T Yonezawa

{"title":"Circulating myelinotoxic factors in human and experimental demyelinative disease.","authors":"T Yonezawa","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69094-5_6","url":null,"abstract":"Demyelinating agents in demyelinating diseases have been analysed using organoid cultures of the nervous tissue. The agents can be classified into humoral and cellular factors. Humoral factor is complement C3 dependent IgG antibody against glycolipids, such as galactocerebroside, sulfatide and ganglioside. Antigenicity of these glycolipids seems to be species specific. Other than rabbits, vulnerability seems to be low. Demyelinating pattern in vitro produced by application of antisera and patient sera are characterized by enhancement of activities of the macrophages. Adhesion of activated cells to myelin, penetration, loosening, splitting and vesicular dissolution of myelin lamellae are characteristic features. Hapten antigen described above also induces myelination inhibiting antibody, which interferes with in vitro myelination. Cellular factors are characterized by lymphotoxic effects and activation of macrophages. These alterations are identical to those by lymphokines liberated from T lymphocytes. Effects of humoral factors can be seen only in limited animal species, whereas cellular factors affect overall animals, suggesting the cellular factors play the major role in the processes of demyelination.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"9 ","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17635663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Aspects of blood-brain barrier in clinical brain imaging. 临床脑成像中血脑屏障的几个方面。

Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_10

W H Oldendorf

{"title":"Aspects of blood-brain barrier in clinical brain imaging.","authors":"W H Oldendorf","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68970-3_10","url":null,"abstract":"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is selectively permeable and shows a wide range of permeability to various substances in health and becomes generally permeable to all small molecules in almost all disease states. The capillary bed in brain (the BBB) is uniquely impermeable to many polar substances. The mechanism by which the capillary bed is maintained in this state is unknown, but may be an astrocytic function. In most major neuropathology, the BBB is lost because these unique structural features creating the BBB come to resemble the permeable capillaries in other tissues. Early isotopic brain scans using polar isotopes such as 99m-TcO4 depend upon this increased permeability to demonstrate focal lesions. Positron emission tomography has made it possible to label interesting biochemical substrates allowing the tracing of certain aspects of regional brain metabolic activity. The equipment required is very expensive, but single photon tomography using lipophilic tracers is much less expensive and provides tomographic representation of regional blood flow. To penetrate a healthy BBB requires that radiotracers either be lipid soluble or have an affinity for one of the selective BBB transport systems.","PeriodicalId":75397,"journal":{"name":"Acta neuropathologica. Supplementum","volume":"8 ","pages":"111-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1983-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"17659083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2