African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Nutritional characterization pulp of Chrysobalanus icaco L.","authors":"Antonio Saravia Maldonado Selvin, M. F. Ismael, A. Luís, S. Ricardo, Abrahan Marcia Fuentes Jhunior","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5144","url":null,"abstract":"After Southeast Asia, Brazil is the second largest producer of tropical fruits having more than 500 species, and many of these have high potential regarding nutritional content that can be marketed. Among them, Chrysobalanus icaco L., which can be found in abundance in several countries of South America stands out. Among its nutritional profile, it had low value of titratable acidity (0.41 ± 0.02%) and lipid value of 0.71 ± 0.02%, and is very notable for its minerals content such as calcium (0.74 ± 0.02 g 100 g-1), potassium (1.38 ± 0.12 g 100 g-1), iron (0.14 ± 0.03 g 100 g-1), and copper (0.04 ± 0.01 g 100 g-1). By identifying the functional groups using IR, the characteristic peaks of fatty acids were identified. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Amazon, bromatology, minerals, sustainability.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJPP2020.5144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42464902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of Amblygonocarpus andongensis aqueous stem bark extract in wistar albino rat","authors":"A. A. Ebbo, A. Elsa, E. Etuk, Muhammad Jengebe Ladan, S. Saganuwan","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2019.5001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2019.5001","url":null,"abstract":"Amblygonocarpus andongenesis is being used as antipsychotic. Hence, it may portend high risk of toxicosis. In view of this, phytochemical screening and toxicological effects of aqueous stem bark extract of the plant was studied in wistar albino rats. Qualitative screening of the stem bark extract revealed the presence of alkaloid, hydrolysable tannin, saponin, glycoside, cardiac glycoside, saponin glycoside and anthraquinone glycoside. Quantitative screening revealed 4.04% alkaloid, 4.94% saponin and 14.38% true tannins. Subchronic dose (900 mg/kg) caused increased and decreased significant levels of basophils and eosinophils (P<0.05) respectively. Serum biochemistry revealed increased alkaline phosphatase level (P<0.05). A mild periportal and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrations of the liver and moderate focal lymphocytic infiltration of the menninges (focal nonsupurative meningitis) which are suggestive of mild toxicity of A. andongensis were observed. Hence, the plant is toxic at dose level of 900 mg/kg body weight when administered for a period of 28 days. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Toxicity; Amblygonocarpus andongensis, phytochemicals, stem bark, brain, liver, rat.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJPP2019.5001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42566061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential cardioprotective effects of Febuxostat versus Cilostazol on Isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction in rats","authors":"A. Helal, Sawsan Sadik, E. Hussein","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2019.5075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2019.5075","url":null,"abstract":"Myocardial infarction causes an acute condition of necrosis of the myocardium resulting in increased production of free radicals and decreased levels of antioxidants. It was proposed that Febuxostat reduced myocardial oxidative stress and suppressed apoptosis. Cilostazol used to treat claudication has a growing evidence, suggesting that Cilostazol could be cardioprotective. This work aims to highlight the potential protective effect of pretreatment with Febuxostat vs. Cilostazol on Isoproterenol induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (6 rats each); control, Febuxostat, Cilostazol, Isoproterenol, Febuxostat+Isoproterenol and Cilostazol+Isoproterenol groups. Cardiotoxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of Isoproterenol 100 mg kg on the 13th and14th day of the experiment. ECG parameters were assayed. Measurement of cardiac TNF-α level, serum troponin and histopathological changes were also performed. Pretreatment with Febuxostat led to significant increase in heart rate and a significant decrease in QT and QTC intervals compared to Cilostazol. Cilostazol led to significant reduction in TNF-α and insignificant reduction of cardiac troponin levels compared to Febuxostat. Isoproterenol led to arrhythmia in 33% of rats, Febuxostat led to arrhythmia in 50% of rats, while Cilostazol did not lead to any arrhythmias. Pretreatment with Febuxostat and Cilostazol led to significant improvement in the pathological changes caused by Isoproterenol; however, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Pretreatment with Cilostazol is more cardioprotective than Febuxostat as it led to more reduction in TNF-α without increasing arrhythmias or affecting QT and QTC intervals as compared to Febuxostat. \u0000 \u0000 Key words:  Cardioprotective, cilostazol, febuxostat, isopreterenol, cardiac dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/ajpp2019.5075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42720972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effect on liver fibrosis of bicyclol and silymarin","authors":"Liping Wang, Li K. Zhang, K. Gan, Xiaoping Hua, X. Ying, Yikun Shi, Z. Tan","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2019.5085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2019.5085","url":null,"abstract":"Bicyclol and silymarin are widely used in the treatment of various liver diseases; however, there is no report on comparative effect of them on liver fibrosis. To compare their liver protective effect, liver fibrosis rats induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) were orally treated with 100 mg/kg bicyclol and 100 mg/kg silymarin respectively for 4 weeks. Liver index, liver function activities, inflammatory biomarkers, fibrotic biomarkers and liver histopathology were assessed. BDL induced marked histopathological changes in liver tissues coupled with changes in serum biochemistry. Furthermore, hepatic content of hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were elevated, together with a reduction of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in the liver. In addition, BDL increased the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Treatment with bicyclol or silymarin protected against BDL induced liver fibrosis, as proved by the alleviation of inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers. Overall, our results indicated that the effect of bicyclol was better than that of silymarin. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Liver fibrosis, bile duct ligation, bicyclol, silymarin, comparative effect.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJPP2019.5085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48380001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablets with comparable dissolution properties","authors":"Draksler Petra, Janković Biljana","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2020.5133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2020.5133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterization of seeds of Amazon fruits as nutritional contribution with functional medicinal potential","authors":"Ismael Montero Fern andez, S. A. S. Maldonado, V. Ferraz, Ricardo Santos Alem an, J. A. Fuentes, A. A. M. Filho","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5124","url":null,"abstract":"The fruit seeds of the Northern Amazon Region were evaluated bromatologically and nutritionally in terms of the level of macro- and micro-elements and fatty acids present in them. Bromatologically, the seeds of camu-camu (369.08 kcal 100 g-1) and biriba (364.78 kcal 100 g-1) have the highest energy value. In terms of the macroelements, the highest concentration was potassium (554.23 mg 100 g-1) seen in graviola, followed by magnesium (123.11 mg 100 g-1) in biriba. In terms of micronutrients, the highest concentrations are zinc (4.14 mg 100 g-1) and manganese (4.12 mg 100 g-1) in abiu seeds. The fatty acids composition of the seeds studied had a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. Among the most saturated is palmitic acid with a concentration of 40.4% for tapereba seeds while among the unsaturated is oleic acid with a concentration of 47.4% for bacupari seeds. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Oleic acid, bromatological, minerals, saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA).","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJPP2020.5124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49491177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing polyethylene oxide and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrix tablets with comparable dissolution properties","authors":"Draksler Petra, Janković Biljana","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2020.5133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2020.5133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"31 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities of Sansevierialiberica as justification for its antidiabetic claims","authors":"Aanuolu Jesudunni Ajileye, M. Ayoola, A. Elujoba, K. Akinwunmi","doi":"10.5897/ajpp2020.5129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2020.5129","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes has become a global emergency because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality while the available hypoglycaemic drugs possess various adverse effects and are expensive. This has necessitated a continuous search for cheaper antidiabetic agents of plant origin with fewer or no side effects. The study evaluated the antihyperglycaemic activities of the methanol extract of Sansevieria liberica Gerome and Labroy (Agavaceae) rhizome. Both the partitioned and column fractions were tested on glucose-induced hyperglycaemic rats while their in vitro antioxidant effects studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) as well as the  total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) and appropriate anti-oxidant standard drugs were used as positive controls. The estimated median lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol extract was 3,808.0 mg/kg; at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, it gave comparable (p>0.05) antihyperglycaemic activity to glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg. Its ethyl acetate fraction at 200 and 400 mg/kg gave the highest antihyperglycaemic activities of 49.5 and 53.9%, respectively, the highest antioxidant activities in all the models used. The highest antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant values were observed in the column fractions, C3, C4 and C7 of the ethylacetate partitioned fraction. The comparable antihyperglycaemic activity to glibenclamide of the methanol extract of S. libericarhizome in this study has justified its ethnomedical claims as antidiabetic agent. The consistently high antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activities of the extract and its partitioned and column fractions would suggest a direct relationship between the two biological activities investigated. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Sansevierialiberica, anti-hyperglycaemic activity, antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/ajpp2020.5129","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48970748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activities of Bonsupari (Caryota urens L.) fruits","authors":"T. Sharmin, S. Rahman, Sirajis Salekin, K. Nahar","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5118","url":null,"abstract":"In Asian subcontinent, Caryota urens L. plant is well known. Its leaf has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The work aims to analyze the composition of the plant’s fruit extract and its aqueous and organic soluble fractions for its cytotoxic, thrombolytic, antioxidant, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial properties. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay, phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant assay and total phenolic content were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to determine the cytotoxic property. In thrombolytic activity assay, streptokinase was the standard. The samples were exposed to membrane stabilizing activity assay under heat and hypotonic solution-induced conditions. The samples’ antimicrobial potential was evaluated with Disc diffusion assay. The crude methanol extract showed   the highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 62.74±0.16 μg/mL) that can correlate with its total phenolic content of 106.88±0.19 mg of GAE / g of sample. The crude methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic potential (LC50 = 0.59±0.34 μg/mL). The carbon tetrachloride soluble materials revealed 20.48±0.44% of clot lysis in the assay for thrombolytic activity. The crude methanol extract prevented haemolysis of human erythrocytes in hypotonic solution-induced condition by 64.17±0.26%. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Caryota urens L., free radical scavenging activity, brine shrimp lethality, thrombolysis, membrane stabilization.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":"14 1","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJPP2020.5118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. and antioxidant activity from Boa Vista-RR, Brazil","authors":"Ismael Montero Fern andez, P. Ribeiro, S. A. S. Maldonado, V. Ferraz, Ricardo Santos Alem an, J. A. Fuentes, Luis Antonio Beltr an Alem an","doi":"10.5897/AJPP2020.5121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2020.5121","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the chemical composition of the essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) was determined by CG-FID.In the essential oil of M. officinalis,there area total of 22 chemical constituents, among them are geranial (34.6%), neral (26.0%), γ-caryophyllene (7.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.3%), -pinene (5.3%) and sabinene (3.6%); it also has antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds in vitro. The concentration of total phenolic compounds was 61.71 mgEAG g-1 for the essential oil and 7.81 mgEAG g-1 for the aqueous extract respectively. The inhibition percentage tested by different DPPP concentrations of 8, 20, 40 and 80 µg mL-1 was 17.12, 31.04, 48.24 and 68.12% respectively and the quercetin standard was used as a positive control. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Limon herb, Folin-Ciocateau, DPPH, medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":7531,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5897/AJPP2020.5121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42938525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}