Trends in biomedical research最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for chest-related symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections among under five children: Case of Ethiopia","authors":"B. Woldeamanuel, Haftu Legesse Gebreyesus","doi":"10.15761/jtbr.1000111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jtbr.1000111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute respiratory infection is a major public health problem to morbidity and mortality among under five children. Globally it is estimated that about 7.6 million children were died before celebrating their fifth year of birth day attributed to respiratory tract infections, where 3.6 million deaths were in Africa and about 2.1 million deaths were in Southeast Asia. In Ethiopia acute respiratory infections are major problem accounting for about 10% of under-five deaths each year. Objective: This study was an attempt to study the prevalence and risk factors of acute respiratory infections in Ethiopia using data collected in Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2016. Methods: Descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression were used considering child characteristics, maternal socioeconomic, demographic characteristics, environmental and health factors variables as explanatory variables and symptoms of acute respiratory infection as the response variable. Results: Prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five children was 10.4%. Results of logistic regression analysis shows that place of residence, sex of household head, education level of mother, partners education, baby postnatal checkup, source of drinking water, age of a child in months, and working status of mother are found to be the significant risk factors for occurrence of ARI symptoms among under five children at 5% level of significance. While the variables sex of a child, availability of toilet facility, wealth index, age of mother at first birth, family size, and birth order of a child are not statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Conclusion: Children from rural areas and illiterate mothers are more at risk for acute respiratory infection. Thus, interventions should target mothers with less education and those residing in rural areas for better care for their children. *Correspondence to: Berhanu Teshome Woldeamanuel, Department of Statistics, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, E-mail: berteshome19@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":75256,"journal":{"name":"Trends in biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steroid hormones differentially regulate expression of complement receptors immunoglobulin in human macrophages, involving the glucocorticoid receptor","authors":"Nateelak Kooltheat, Pachuen Potup, Y. Thongsri, A. Ferrante, Kanchana Usuwanthim","doi":"10.15761/jtbr.1000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/jtbr.1000109","url":null,"abstract":"We have previously reported that the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, increases the expression of Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin (CRIg) in macrophages. Since the sex steroid hormones, progesterone, estradiol and testosterone also affect macrophages functions, it was of interest to see if these also modulated CRIg expression in macrophages and whether, the steroids effect these changes through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The data showed that only progesterone and dexamethasone increased CRIg expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). The other two steroids had no effect on the expression of this receptor at both the mRNA and protein level. Western blot analysis revealed that this was the case for both spliced forms of CRIg, the long (L) and short (S) isoforms. However, all four steroids had no effect on the expression of CR1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b) but caused an increase in CR4 (CD11c) expression. Interestingly the effects of dexamethasone and progesterone correlated with their ability to induced expression of the GR and an increase in its nuclear translocation. The importance of the GR in regulating the steroid-induced increase in CRIg expression, was demonstrated by the finding that knocking down the levels of GR using shRNA, led to a loss of the dexamethasone-induced up regulation of CRIg expression. The increase in CRIg expression by dexamethasone and progesterone was also evident in cell surface expression of the receptor, assessed by flow cytometry. Our findings reveal that the steroids differ in their effects on macrophage CRIg expression and that they have different effects on the expression of the different complement receptors. The expression of CRIg including its up-regulation by steroids requires the GR. *Correspondence to: Kanchana Usuwanthim, Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand, E-mail: kanchanau@nu.ac.th","PeriodicalId":75256,"journal":{"name":"Trends in biomedical research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}